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HISTORY
T
OF THE
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST
OF
LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
I
PERIOD I.
History of Joseph Smith, the Prophet.
BY HIMSELF.
VOLUME VI.
AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES
BY
B. H. ROBERTS
PUBLISHED BY/ THE CHURCH.
Deseret Nkws.
salt lake city, utah.
1912.
\
m HOT
mam.
Copyrighted by
JOSEPH F. SMITH
FOR
THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST
OF
LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
li>12.
I
THE LIBRARY
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
eapVO, UTAH ^
TABLE OP CONTENTS.
Volume VI.
INTRODUCTION.
PAGE
.
The Time Period
Why the Latter-day Saints
were Welcomed to Illinois
Nauvoo as a Possible Man-
ufacturing Center
Educational Measures at
Nauvoo
Jealousy of Nauvoo's
Promising Greatness
The Character of the Peo-
ple of Western Illinois...
Educational Status of the
People of Western Illinois
The Political Phase
Mischief Arisingfrom False
Lep-al and Political Coun-
sel .,
XXXI
xxxu
PAGE
xxi Subserviency of Politicians
and Lawyers
xxii The Fate of a Balance of
Power Factor in Politics
xxiii Joseph Smith's Candidacy
for the Presidency xxxiv
xxiv Missouri as a Factor in the
Affairs of Nauvoo. xxxv
xxv Apostate Conspirators at
Nauvoo xxxvi
xxvi The Expositor Affair xxxvii
The Appeal to the Mob
xxviii Spirit xxxix
xxviii The Prophet's Nobility in
the Hour of Trial
Always the Prophet-
xxix Teacher
Prophet and Patriarch
CHAPTER I.
xl
xli
xlii
AN ESTIMATE OF THE PROPHET JOSEPH AS A RELIGIOUS LEADER — ANTI-
MORMON MEETING AT CARTHAGE — HISTORICAL SKETCH — IMPORT-
TWELVE HELD IN BOSTON.
of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints 9
ANT
CONFERENCE OF THE
Manchester
Minutes of the
Conference 2
"Joe Smith, the Mormon
Prophet" 3
Preamble and Resolutions 4
Historical Sketch of the Church
Important Conference of the
Twelve held at Boylston
Hall, Boston 11
CHAPTER II.
MOVEMENTS OF APOSTLES IN T
WELL ACQUITTED — SPECIAL
OF THE PROPHET ON
Vjfhe Drought of 1843
Woodruff in a Train Wreck...
Nauvoo and Joseph Smith
The Prophet on Socialism
"Nauvoo Mansion"
"Nauvoo Mansion" made a
Hotel
Legion Parade and Inspection
Letter of Gevernor Ford to
the Prophet
HE EAST — THE NAUVOO MANSION — ROCK-
CONFERENCE AT NAUVOO — DISCOURSE
THE DEMISE OF JAMES ADAMS.
31 Conference in Nova Scotia 35
32 Porter Rockwell 35
32 Paci fic, Isl and Mission ^ 36
33 Report from the Pinery 37
33 Stewardships. Common Stock 37
Concerning Horse Thieves.... 38
33 Meeting of a Special Council 39
34 Who shall be our next Presi-
dent? ... 39
35 The Appointment of a Mission
IV
CONTENTS.
PAGE
to Russia 41
Movements of Apostles in the
East 41
Pleasure Party and Dinner at
the Nauvoo Mansion.. 42
. Anti-Mormonism 43
Elder Reuben Hedlock to the
First Fresidency 4
The Prophet's Visit with Jus-
tin Butterfield 45
PAGE
Instructions Respecting Plur-
ality of Wives 46
The Prophet's Dissatisfation
with Sidney Rigdon 40
Minutes of a Special Confer-
ence, 47
he Prophet's Remarks on
the Demise of James Adams 50
Paci fus Isla nd Mission Em-
barks 52
CHAPTER III.
.
ANCIENT RUINS IN AMERICA, BOOK OF MORMON EVIDENCES — THE
PROPHET ON THE U. S. CONSTITUTION AND THE BIBLE — MISREP-
RESENTATIONS CORRECTED — LETTER TO THE U. S. PRESIDENTIAL
CANDIDATES — THE PROPHET'S ADDRESS TO THE SAINTS.
Ancient Ruins — Introduction 53
Letter— H. R. Hotchkiss to
Joseph Smith 55
Letter — Joseph Smith to H.
R. Hotchkiss 55-50
Location of the Mind 50
i The Prophet on the Constitu-
tion of the United States
and the Bible — Temporal
Economies 56
The Prophet's Visit to Mace-
donia 57
Misrepresentations Corrected 59
Labors of the Apostles in the
East 00
Hyrum Smith Appointed on
Temple Committee 01
Letter — Joseph L. Heywood
to Joseph Smith 02
Letters to Candidates for
Presidency of the U. S. De-
cided upon 63
An Epistle of the Twelve to
the Elders and Churches
Abroad 03
President Smith's Letter to
John C. Calhoun, and other ■— -^
Presidential Candidates J G\
Post Script to Van Buren \6p
Work in the British Mission... oo
The Prophet's Anxiety Con-
cerning the History of the
Church.. 66
Preliminary Steps to Publish-
ing Nauvoo Edition of Doc-^-^
trine and Covenants., I 66^
Communication of President
Joseph Smith to the Saints 69
CHAPTER IV.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN JAMES ARLINGTON BENNETT AND PRESIDENT
JOSEPH SMITH — RENEWAL OF PETITIONS TO CONGRESS FOR REDRESS
OF MISSOURI GRIEVANCES — PRESIDENT JOSEPH SMITH'S APPEAL
TO THE GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS, VERMONT— STATUS
OF THE NAUVOO LEGION IN ILLINOIS MILITIA.
Prosperity of the Work in nett to President Joseph
England 71 Smith 71
Letter — James Arlington Ben- Letter — President Joseph
CONTEXTS.
pac;e
Smith to James Arlington
Bennett 73
f Grammar for the Egyptian
Language Suggested 79
Meeting at the Prophet's
Home 79
Canal Around the Des Moines
Rapids 80
The Prophet's Stand on Chast-
ity and General Moralit}-... 81
Letter — Brigham Young in
Behalf of the Twelve to
Elder John E. Page, Ap-
pointing him to go to Wash-
ington 81
PAGE
Renewal of Petitions to Con-
gress 83
"Memorial"' 81
Activities in Renewal of Ap-
peals to Congress :. 88
President Smith's Appeals
to his Native State — Ver-
mont 88
Letter: W. L. D. Ewing,
State Anditor, to Major
John Bills — Legion Affairs 95
Letter: J. Lamborn, Attorney
General of Illinois, on Above 95
Letter: J. N. McDougal to
State Auditor 90
CHAPTER V.
THE AVERY KIDNAPPING — DEFENSIVE PREPARATIONS AGAINST MISSOURI
MOBS —APPEALS TO THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT FOR PROTEC-
TION — NAUVOO LEGION OFFERED AS UNITED STATES TROOPS.
Progress of the Work
Hvrum Smith meets with an
>
Number of the Prophet's Vex-
Accident
V
atious Lawsuits .
Chapman's Affidavit in the
Avery Case
Letter: President Joseph
Smith to Governor Ford
Public Meeting at Nauvoo
Resolutions
Provisions for German Meet-
ings
Precautionary Steps Against
Missouri Invasion
Richards and Lewis Affidavit
An Order to the City Marshal
The City Marshal's Reply......
Mayor's Order to the Com-
mander of the Nauvoo Le-
gion
Special Ordinance in the
Prophet's Case, vs. Mis-
souri
Petition for Nauvoo to be
Placed Under the General
Government
Public Meeting at Nauvoo —
Letter of Wilson Law to Joseph
98
98
99
100
100
101
101
103
103
103
103
101
101
105
107
107
Smith 108
Avery Case — a Reminiscence of
Missouri Days 108
Affidavit of Sission Chase 109
Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
ernor Ford 109
Nauvoo's Police Force En-
larged 110
Letter: Joseph Smith to John
Smith 110
Ordinance Enlarging Police
Force 110
Ordinance on the Personal
Sale of Liquors Ill
Public Meeting at Nauvoo —
the Aggressions of Missouri 111
Letter: Governor Ford to
President Smith 113
Comment of the Prophet on
Gov. Ford's attitude 115
A Sudden Illness of the
Prophet 115
Comment on Appeal to the
General Government for
Protection 116
The Trial of John Elliott 117
Legion Aid Applied for 119
Detachment of the Legion
Ordered into Service 119
VI
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
Affidavit of Willard Richards
that Nauvoo was in Danger 119
Legion Ordered into Service
— Moves and Counter Moves
of Forces 120
Strange Celestial Phenomena
of 1860 121
Affidavit of Amos Chase 121
Affidavit of Philander Avery 122
Affidavit of the Hamiltous... 123
CHAPTER VI.
MEMORIAL OF CITY COUNCIL TO CONGRESS ANENT MISSOURI AFFAIRS
— ROCKWELL RETURNS TO NAUVOO — RECITAL OF HIS ADVEN-
TURES — AVERY'S ACQUITTAL BY MISSOURI'S COURTS — NAU-
VOO'S POLICE FORCE INCREASED PUBLICATION
ON MORMONISM, PRO ET CON — 1843.
The Prophet for a Clean, Or-
derly City 124
Memorial of the City Council
to Congress 125
An Ordinance 130
Letter: W. W. Phelps to J.
White 132
Attitude of Prophet on Mob-
ocracy and Politics 133
A Christmas Serenade 134
Rockwell's Return to Nauvoo 134
Rockwell's Experience in Mis-
souri 135
Release of Daniel Avery 142
A Plan for Women's Subscrip-
tion to the Temple 142
Prophet's Joy at the Return
of Rockwell and Avery 143
Mr. Rockwell — Editorial 144
Affidavit of Orson Hyde 145
Affidavit of Daniel Avery 145
Joseph H. Jackson — Prophet's
Interview with 149
Police Force of Nauvoo In-
creased 149
Address of the Mayor to the
Nauvoo Public 150
The Mayor Blesses the Police 152
Letter to Governor Ford 153
Pro et con Mormonism, Publi-
cations 154
CHAPTER VII.
PRESIDENT SMITH'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH JOHN C. CALHOUN — CART-
WRIGHT DROWNING CASE, ENGLAND— CITY GUARDS INCREASED —
FEARS OF LAW AND MARKS— INVESTIGATION BY THE CITY COUN-
CIL — RESISTANCE OF OFFICERS AT CARTHAGE — ANTI-MOR-
MON OBJECTIONS TO CITY ORDINANCES — THE PROPH-
ET'S DIFFICULTIES W T lTH FRANCIS M. HIGBEE —
REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF SPIRITUOUS
LIQUORS.
New Years at Mansion (155
Letter: John C. Calhoun to\
Joseph Smith 155
Letter: Joseph Smith to John
C. Calhoun lcG
Release of Pugmire and Cart-
wright from Prison. Eng-
land 100
CONTENTS.
VII
Cartwright — Drowning 160
Difficulty of William Law et
al. with the Police 162
Reconciliation of the Prophet
and William Law 165
Repartee of Joseph and Emma
Smith 165
Alarm of William Marks 166
Special Session of the City
Council 166
Reflections of the Prophet as
to Traitors in High Places...
Disgraceful Affair at Carthage
John Smith. Uncle of the
Prophet, Ordained a Patri-
arch '.
Special Session of City Coun-
cil — Complaints of Carthage
PAGE PAGE
Citizens Considered 173
Complaints of F. M. Higbee
Against the Prophet. 174
Conference in Michigan. 175
Threats of Francis M. Higbee 176
Letter: the Twelve Apostles
to the Saints at Morley Set-
tlement — Material Help
Asked for 176
Appeal to the State of Maine 178
Francis M. Higbee on Trial
— Reconciliation with the
Prophet 178
An Ordinance Concerning the
Sale of Spirituous Liquors 178
An Ordinance Concerning Wit-
nesses and Jurors' Fees 179
Assault upon Nelson Judd 180
170
171
173
CHAPTER VIH.
PRESENTATION OF THE BOOK OF MORMON TO QUEEN VICTORIA — THE
SEALING POWERS OF THE PRIESTHOOD— GOVERNOR FORD'S WARNING
TO THE PEOPLE OF HANCOCK COUNTY — APOSTROPHE TO MIS-
SOURI—JOSEPH SMITH NOMINATED FOR PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES — HIS VIEWS ON THE POWERS AND POLICY
OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
"Stanzas'' 181
Discourse: The Sealing Power
in the Priesthood 183
Nauvoo Mansion Leased 185
Sale of the Printing Estab-
lishment to John Taylor 185
Importance of Elders Keeping
Journals 186
^__JThe Presidential Election Con-
sidered 187
The Prophet on the Campaign 18S
Commencement, of the Proph-
et's Views on Powers and
Policy of U. S 189
Governor Ford's Warning to
the People 189
Winchester's Mission to War-
saw 190
Preparation of Rigdon's Ap-
peal to Pennsylvania 191
"Missouri" 192
An Appeal to Massachusetts —
Phinehas Richards 193
The Prophet's Dream — Troub-
led Waters Overcome 194
Mormon Improvement 195
The 144,000 Selection Begun 196
Architecture of the Nauvoo
Temple 196.
Originalitv of The Prophet's
Bank Views 197
Views of the Powers on the
Government of the United
States — Joseph Smith 19y
VJII
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER IX
COMMENTS ON CANDIDACY OF JOSEPH SMITH FOR PRESIDENT OF THE
UNITED STATES— TENDERS OF PEACE TO MISSOURI — PRELIMINARY
STEPS TO WESTERN MOVEMENT OF THE CHURCH — JAMES
A. BENNETT AND VICE-PRESIDENCY.
Views of the Prophet on his
Candidacy for President of
United States.
Public Meeting
Letter: Joseph Smith to Joseph
L Heywood
Who shall be our Next Presi-
dent?
Pacific Inuendo
Anti- Mormon Convention at
Carthage
Delegation from Lyman Wight
on Indian Affairs
Western Movement for the
Church Contemplated
The Prophet on the Necessity
of Complete Obedience to
PAGE PAGE
God 223
Minutes of a Council of the
210- Twelve 223
211 The Western Exploring Equip-
ment 224
23 3 A Prophecy of Deliverance of
the Saints 225
214 The Case of Botswick's Slan-
218 der of Hyrum Smith 225
For President, Joseph Smith 226
221 A Reply Sketched to Cassius
M. Clay 227
222 The High Council to the
Saints in Nauvoo 228
222 Minutes of a Council Meeting 230
Letter: Willard Richards to
James Arlington Bennett... 231
CHAPTER X.
URGING THE BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE — TENDERS OF PEACE TO MISSOURI
— PROPHET'S DISCOURSE ON ELIAS, ELIJAH.MESSIAH— LYMAN WIGHT'S
PROPOSAL OF A SOUTHWEST MOVEMENT FOR THE CHURCH.
Special Session of the City
Council 234
Packard's Memorial to Legis-
lature of Massachusetts 230
Minutes of a General Meeting
in the Interest of the Tem-
ple 236
Arrival of William Kay and
Company of English Saints 244
James A. Bennett Ineligible
for Vice-President U. S 244
A Friendly Hint to Missouri... 245
St. Louis' Comment on the
Prophet's Candidacy....;.... 248
Copeland, Tennessee, Consid-
ered as Candidate for Vice-
President 248
Matter of Wharfage 248
Death of King Follett 248
King Follett's Biography 249
Discourse of the Prophet on 249
Letter: Lyman Wight to the
First Presidency 255
Letter: Lyman Wight to Presi-
dent Joseph Smith Suggest-
ing a Southwest Movement
for the Church 257
Special Council Meeting on
Wight and Miller Letters... 200
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XI.
IX
ORSON PRATT SENT TO WASHINGTON AS AGENT OP NAUVOO — AMOS
FIELDING TO ENGLAND, DITTO — COMMENT ON THE CANDIDACY OF
JOSEPH SMITH FOR PRESIDENT OF THE U. S. — CONSPIRACY OF THE
LAWS, HIGBEES, FOSTERS ET AL AGAINST JOSEPH SMITH —
THE PROPHET'S MEMORIAL TO CONGRESS— OCCUPA-
TION OF THE WEST CONTEMPLATED.
PAGE
Credentials of Orson Pratt as
Agent for the City of Nan-
voo 262
_^Co-operative Store Planned... 263
Credentials of Elder Amos
Fielding on Departing for
England 263
John Wilkie, the Blessing
upon him 264
Status of Nauvoo in the Spring
of 1844 265
Wind Storm at Nauvoo 267
..General Joseph Smith a Candi-
date for President 268
New Candidate in the Field.... 268
Origin of Memorial to Con-
gress 270
The Seventies' Hall, Instruc-
PRGE
tions on Rebuilding 271
President Smith's Interview
with Mrs. Foster 271
Discourse of President Saiith
—Conspiracies in Nauvoo 272
Progress on Memorial to Con-
gress 274
The Prophet's Memorial to
Congress 275
Ordinauce 275
Affidavit of Abiathar B. Wil-
liams 278
Affidavit of M. G. Eaton 279
The Robbery at Rollassoa's
Store in Nauvoo 281
Memorial to the President of
the United States 2S2
Credentials of Orson Hyde.... 283
CHAPTER XII.
THE AUTHORITIES OF NAUVOO VS. THE HIGBEES ET AL. — DEDICATION
OF THE MASONIC HALL— THE CHURCH CONFERENCE IN APRIL,
1844— ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT SIDNEY RIGDON.
Comments on the Negro
Chism's Case 2S4
The Higbee Brothers in Trou-
ble 285
Counter Move of the Higbees 285
Conference in New York 286
General Conference Minutes
of the Church 287
Opening Address of President
Joseph Smith 287
Elder Sidney Rigdon 288
X CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII.
CONFERENCE OF THE CHURCH, APRIL, 1844, CONTINUED — ADDRESS OF
PATRIARCH HYRUM SMITH— THE BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE.
PAGE PAGE
Address of Elder Hyrum secure Means for Complet-
Smith, Patriarch of the ing the Nauvoo Temple 297
Church — Plans suggested to
CHAPTER XIV.
GENERAL CONFERENCE FOR APRIL. 1844, (CONCLUDED) — THE ANNOUNCE-
MENT THAT THE WHOLE LAND OF AMERICA IS ZION
INSTRUCTIONS TO ELDERS SET APART FOR MISSIONS —
A GENERAL CONFERENCE IN ENGLAND.
President Joseph Smith's Re- Address of Heber C. Kimball 324
marks — the whole of Amer- Brigham Young's Instruction
ica Zion 318 to the Elders 325
Special Meeting of Elders 321 Comment of President Smith
Address of Brigham Young... 321 on the Conference 326
North and South America Zion 321 A General Conference in Eng-
Address of Hyrum Smith, the land 326
Patriarch 322
CHAPTER XV.
DIFFICULTIES WITH THE HIGBEES AND FOSTERS, CONFERENCES APPOINTED
BY THE TWELVE THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES — INSTRUCTIONS
TO REUBEN HEDLOCK, PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH MISSION —
PREPARATIONS FOR ENLARGEMENT OF THE WORK —
FRANCIS M. HIGBEE'S SUIT AGAINST PRESIDENT
SMITH— THE PROPHET RELEASED.
Excommunication of the Laws Letter: Parley P. Pratt to
Fosters, et al 341 Joseph Smith, et al 354
Violence of the Fosters and The Prophet's Petition for
Higbees 344 Writ of habeas corpus 357
The Foster-Higbee Embroil- Order of the Municipal Court 358
ment 348 The People of the State of
Letter: Brigham Young and Illinois to the Sheriff of
Willard Richards to Reuben Hancock County 359
Hedlock 351
CONTENTS.
XI
CHAPTER XVI.
ADDRESS OF THE PROPHET— HIS PROPHETIC CALLING AND THE RESUR-
RECTION — STATUS OF AFFAIRS AT NAUVOO — HYDE'S REPORT
FROM WASHINGTON OF THE WESTERN MOVEMENT — OREGON.
PAGE
Theatricals in Xauvoo 362
President Joseph Smith's Ad-
dress — Defense of his
Prophetic Calling 303
Xauvoo and President Smith
— Neighbor Editorial 367
Letter: Elder Orson Hyde's
Report of Labors in Wash-
ington 369
Letter: Orson Hyde's Second
Letter from Washington An-
ent the Western Movement
of the Church 373
Letter: Henry Clay to the
Prophet 376
PAGE
The Prophet's Answer to Clay's
Letter 376
Status of Affairs at Xauyoo 377
Withdrawal of William Smith
as Candidate for the Legis-
lature 378
Session of Municipal Court —
Case of Jeremiah Smith 379
Letter: William Clayton, De-
scribing the Farcial Pro-
ceedings of the Court at
Dixon in the Case of Joseph
Smith 380
Steaboat Election 384
CHAPTER XVII.
THE STATE PRESIDENTIAL CONVENTION AT NAUVOO — THE STATES REPRE-
SENTED—SPEECH OF JOHNS. REID. ESQ. — EARLY DAYS
WITH THE PROPHET.
State Convention at Xauvoo 386 Synopsis of the Remarks of
Resolutions 390 Hon. John S. Reid 392
CHAPTER XVIII.
CHARGES AGAINST PRESIDENT SMITH BEFORE THE CIRCUIT COURT-
VOLUNTARY APPEARANCE AT COURT — TREAT-
MENT — RETURN TO NAUVOO.
Court Session at Carthage 398
Letter: George A. Smith to
Times and Seasons 399
Visit of Sac and Fox Indians
to Xauvoo 401
Address of the Prophet to the
Indians 402
Hyrutu's Caution to the
Prophet on the Freedom of
Speaking , 403
Letter: Central Campaign
Committee to Hugh Clark,
Esq
Reported Indictment of the
Prophet
Letter: Willard Richards to
Orson Hyde
Editorial Comment
C'mference in Jefferson Co.,
X. Y
Conference, Dresden, Tenn.
Threat to Kidnap Jeremiah
Smith
-HIS
404
405
405
407
408
408
412
XII
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
President Smith Voluntarily
Goes to Carthage to Meet
Indictments.... 412
The Return to Nauvoo 414
CHAPTER XIX.
CASE OF JEREMIAH SMITH BEFORE MUNICIPAL COURT AT NAUVOO — AFFI-
DAVITS OF CRIMES OF CHAUNCEY L. HIGBEE —
APPEARANCE OF THE "EXPOSITOR."
Arrest of Jeremiah Smith by
U. S. Authority 416
Letter: D. S. Hollister to
Joseph Smith 416
MunicipalCourt — Case of Jere-
miah Smith 418
Municipal Court Minutes in
the Case of Jeremiah Smith 420
Letter: Joseph Smith to
Judge Pope, Introducing
Jeremiah Smith 422
Affidavit: H. T. Hugins
Anent Threat to Bring Drag-
oons Against Nauvoo - 423
Joel H. Walker to Joseph
Smith — Proposes to Join
Prophet in Western Volun-
teer Movement 424
Letter: Joseph Smith to Joel
H. Walker 425
Conference at Kalamazoo,
Michigan 425
Conference at Glasgow, Scot-
land .. 426
Letter: "Horace" to Presi-
dent Joseph Smith — Threat-
ened Invasion of Nauvoo... 426
Letter: Joseph and Hyrum
Smith to Mr. Tewkesbury —
Seeking to Restore Latter
to Fellowship 427
Prosecution of the Laws and
Fosters Discussed 427
Letter: Joseph Smith to I.
Daniel Rupp — Book on Re-
ligious Sects 428
Prophet's Conversation with
Dr. Foster 430
First Number of the Expositor 430
Conference at Pleasant Valley
Michigan 431
CHAPTER XX.
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE NAUVOO EXPOSITOR" — PROCEEDINGS OF
THE NAUVOO CITY COUNCIL AND MAYOR.
Nauvoo Expositor Before Nau-
voo City Council 432
Ordinance on Libels 432
Ordinance Concerning Libels
and for Other Purposes 433
Synopsis of Proceedings in the
City Council Against the
Nauvoo Expositor 434
Prospectus of the Nauvoo Ex-
positor 443
Proclamation 449
Letter: L. W. Hickock to
Joseph Smith — Probability
of Indictment of the Proph-
et et al. at Springfield 450
Letter: H. T. Hugins to
Joseph Smith — Warning the
Prophet of Probable Indict-
ment 451
CONTENTS
XIII
CHAPTER XXI.
PRESIDENT SMITH ARRESTED FOR RIOT IN RELATION TO "EXPOSITOR"
AFFAIR — HABEAS CORPUS PROCEEDINGS BEFORE MUNICIPAL
COURT— A CALL FROM ARKANSAS — THE PROPHET'S
DREAMS — MASS MEETING AT WARSAW — LETTERS
TO GOVERNOR FORD ON "EXPOSITOR" AFFAIR.
PAGE
The People of the State of
Illinois to all Constables,
Sheriffs and Coroners of the
State 453
The Prophet Asserts his
Rights Under the Law 454
The Prophet's Petition for
Writ of habeas corpus 454
Petition of the Prophet Granted 455
Hearing on the Expositor Af-
ffairs Before the Municipal
Court at Nauvoo 456
Letter: Washington Tucker
to President Smith — Asking
that Elders be Sent to Ar-
kansas 458
Letter: Joseph Smith to
Washington Tucker, Prom-
ising that an Elder should
be 'Se^t 459
Retributive Justice 400
Further Action of Municipal
Court on Expositor Case 400
The Prophet's Dreams on
Condition of Apostates at
Nauvoo
Threats of Carthage Mob
Against Nauvoo
Mass Meeting at Warsaw
Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
ernor Ford — Explaining
Action of City Council in
Proceedings in Expositor
Affairs
Letter: John M. Bernhisel to
Governor Ford — Confirming
Correctness of the Prophet's
Report of Expositor Affair
Letter: Wakefield to Gov-
ernor Ford — Anent the
Expositor Affair
Letter: Sidney Rigdon to
Governor Ford — Expositor
Affair
The Prophet's Advice on Giv-
ingup Arms
Letter: A.. Ladd to Joseph
Smith
PAGE
461
402
462
466,
467
469
469
471
472
CHAPTER XXII.
DISCOURSE OF THE PROPHET— THE GODHEAD — THE, MOB UPRISING
ARREST OF PRESIDENT SMITH ET AL. OVER THE "EXPOSI-
TOR" AFFAIR BEFORE ESQUIRE WELLS.
Conference in Michigan 473
Sermon by the Prophet — the
Christian Godhead— Plural-
ity of Gods 473
Advice of Judge Thomas on
Expositor Affair 479
Inquirv of Delegation from
Madison 479
Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
ernor Ford — Inviting the
Governor to Nauvoo 480
Affidavit: Mob Movements 480
Letter: Isaac Morley to Joseph
Smith— Mob Threats 481
Letter: Joseph Smith to Isaac
Morley — Instructions on Re-
sisting Mob 482
Minutes of a Public Meeting
at Nauvoo 483
Proclamation 484
Letter: John Smith to Joseph
Smith, Accompanying Dele-
XIV
CONTENTS.
PAGE
gation to the Prophet 485
Letter: Joseph Smith to John
Smith — Instructions in Case
of Mob Violence 485
Letter: Hyrum Smith to Brig-
ham Young — Calling Home
the Twelve 486
PAGE
Arrest of the Prophet et al.
for Destroying the Expositor
Press 487
Minutes of the Trial of Joseph
Smith et al. Before Esquire
Wells — Expositor Affair 488
CHAPTER XXIII.
RUMORS OF INVASION FROM MISSOURI — THE LEGION ORDERED TO ASSIST
THE CITY MARSHAL — NAUVOO PLACED UNDER MARTIAL
LAW — THE MAYOR'S ADDRESS TO THE LEGION.
Affidavit of Stephen Mark-
ham — Nauvoo to be At-
tacked 492
Proclamation 493
Order to the Legion 493
Legion Placed at Command of
City Marshal 493
Letter: H. T. Hugins to
Joseph Smith — Probable In-
dictment of the Prophet at
Springfield 494
Charge of Threats Against
Foster's Life 495
Declaration of Martial Law 497
Proclamation 497
Affidavit: Truman Gillett—
the Treachery of William
Law 500
Letter: Joseph Smith to H. T.
Hugins — Congratulating
Jeremiah Smith on his Re-
lease 501
Governor Ford's Treatment
of the Mob 502
Threats Against the Prophet's
Life 502
Affidavit, Canfield and Belk-
nap — Concerning Threats
of Invasion from Missouri 502
CHAPTER XXIV.
ATTEMPTS TO DRAFT SAINTS INTO MOB SERVICE AGAINST NAUVOO-
THREATENED INVASION FROM MISSOURI— JAMES A.
BENNETT URGED TO COME TO NAUVOO.
Effort to Draft Chester Love-
land into Mob Service 504
Roads Leading into Nauvoo
Picketed 505
Affidavit: Call, Evans and
Horner — Treatment of Nau-
voo Committee by Levi Wil-
liams et al 505
Preparations for an Attack 507
Report of Dr. Southwick 507
Affidavit: Carlos W. Lyon 507
An Appeal to President Tyler 508
Affidavit: Mont and Cunning-
ham — Attempt to Draft
them into Mob Service 508
Affidavit: Allen T. Wait-
Attempt to Draft him into
Mob Service 509
Affidavit: Isaac Morley et al. —
Attempt to Draft into Mob
Service 510
Affidavit: Hancock. Garner,
Lofton — Attempt to Draft
them into Mob Service 511
Affidavit: James Guyman —
Threats of Invasion from
CONTENTS.
XV
PAGE
Missouri 511
Affidavit: Obediah Bowen —
Attempt to Draft him into
Service of Mob 512
Affidavit: Alvah Tippetts —
Violence of John Williams
Upon 514
Reinforcement for Nauvoo
from Ramus 514
Letter: Joseph Smith to Bal-
PAGE
lantyne and Slater — Advice
on Moving into Nauvoo 515
Affidavit: Greene and Bern-
hisel — Threatened Invasion
from Missouri 516
Letter: Willard Richards to
James Arlington Bennett —
Affairs in Nauvoo — West-
ern Movement 516
CHAPTER XXV.
THE TWELVE CALLED FROM EASTERN MISSION — GOVERNOR FORD AT CAR-
THAGE — NAUVOO DELEGATION TO GOVERNOR — THREATS AND CON-
SPIRACY AGAINST THE PROPHET'S LIFE — GOVERNOR FORD
INVITED TO NAUVOO TO INVESTIGATE CONDITIONS.
The Apostles Called Home... 519 Affidavit: John P. Greene—
A Prophecy — No Gun Fired Joseph H. Jackson Threat
on Part of Saints 520 ens Prophet's Life 522
Letter: Robert D. Foster to Affidavit: Joseph Smith — Con-
John Proctor — Fragment — spiracy Against Affiant's
Instruction as to Property... 520 Life 523
Hyrum Smith's Fidelity to the Affidavit: Joseph Jackson —
Prophet 520 Francis M. Higbee's Threat
Letter: Governor Ford to to Kill the Prophet 524
Mayor and Council of Nau- Affidavit: Joseph Jackson —
voo, Asking Representa- Reporting Mob at Pilot
tives to Meet him at Car- Grove 524
thage 521 Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
Joseph H. Jackson at Nauvoo 521 ernor Ford — Inviting the
Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov- Governor to come to Nau-
ernor Ford — Submitting voo and investigate Condi-
Documents 522 tions 525
CHAPTER XXVI.
PREPARATIONS TO DEFEND NAUVOO — MOB MOVEMENTS ON CARTHAGE ROAD —
GOVERNOR FORD'S REVIEW OF HANCOCK COUNTY DIFFICULTIES —
JOSEPH SMITH'S ACCOUNT OF THE SAME DIFFICULTIES —
DEFENSE OF HIS OWN AND ASSOCIATES' COURSE.
Orders for Nauvoo's Entrench- Affidavit: George G. Johnston
ment 528 — Militia Under Governor
Affidavit: Edward Robinson — to Move on Nauvoo 530
Threats Against Nauvoo 528 Affidavit: Gideon Gibbs — Mob
Affidavit: James Olive — Mob .on La Harpe Road 530
Movements on the Carthage Affidavit: Luman H. Calkins
Road. 529
XVI CONTENTS
PAGE PAGE
— Nauvoo Conspiracy Against Mayor and City Council of
The Prophet's Life 531 the City of Nauvoo 533
General Orders 532 Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
A Petition to hear the ernor Ford — Defending the
Prophet Speak 533 Action of the City Council
Letter: Governor Ford to in the Expositor Affair 538
CHAPTER XXVII.
GOVERNOR FORD'S WRONG VIEWPOINT — ELDER TAYLOR'S ACCOUNT OP THE
INTERVIEW WITH THE GOVERNOR AT CARTHAGE— CLOSE OF THE
PROPHET'S JOURNAL NARRATIVE OF HIS LIFE.
Governor Ford's Biased Judg-
ment 542
Elder John Taylor's Account
of Interview with Governor
Ford at Carthage 543
CHAPTER XXVIII.
THE PROPHET STARTS FOR THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS — THE COUNSEL OF FALSS
BRETHREN— THE RETURN TO NAUVOO — THE SURRENDER
AND ARRIVAL AT CARTHAGE.
The Warning to Flee to the
Rocky Mountains 547
Preparations for the Western
Movement 548
Arrival of the Constable's
Posse 549
Emma's Message to the
Prophet 549
Consultation with Rockwell 549
Letter: Joseph and Hyrum
Smith to Governor Ford —
Consenting to go to Car-
thage 550
Letter: Joseph Smith to H.
T. Hugins — Engaging Coun-
sel 551
Letter: Joseph Smith to J. R.
Wakefield — Soliciting Lat-
ter's Attendance as Witness 551
The Prophet Returns to Nau-
voo 551
Vacillation of Governor Ford 552
Certificate: Captain Anderson
— on Retention of People in
Nauvoo 553
Letter: Ed. Johnston to
Joseph Smith — About Coun-
sel 553
Preparations for Going to Car-
thage 553
Defendants in the Expositor
case 554
Incidents en route for Carthage 554
Meeting with Captain Dunn 554
A Pathetic Prophecy 555
Dunn's Request that the
Prophet Return to Nauvoo 555
Letter: Joseph Smith to Gov-
ernor Ford — Explaining his
Return to Nauvoo.. 556
Order: Joseph Smith to Gen-
eral DunUam — Complying
with Governor Ford's De-
mand for State Arms 556
Messengers sent to Carthage 557
Surrender of State Arms 557
The Prophet's Farewell to his
Family 558
Looking Back — Sadness 558
Letter: Messrs. Reid and
CONTENTS.
XVII
PAGE
Woods to Joseph Smith —
Documents for Defense 558
The Prophet's Arrival at Car-
thage 559
The Governor Pacifies the
Mob ,
The Apostates at Carthage
PAGE
560
560
CHAPTER XXIX.
^RRESTOF JOSEPH AND HYRUM SMITH ON A CHARGE OF TREASON— FALSE
IMPRISONMENT— ELD PR TAYLOR'S PROTEST-FALSE IMPRISONMENT.
The Governor's Pledge of Pro-
tection oQl
The Arrest for Treason f^fTT^
Writ of Arrest for T reason.... yfRST
Governor Ford's Speech to the
Prophet 563
The Prophet's Request for an
Interview with Governor
Ford 563
The Prophet Presented to the
Troops 564
Revolt of the Carthage Greys 564
Threats of Apostates to Plun-
der Nauvoo 564
Letter: the Prophet to Emma
Smith— Governor Ford Go-
ing to Nauvoo 565
The Prophet's Warning to
Rockwell 565
The Prophet's Interview with
Militia Officers 566
Law Cannot Reach Them,
Powder and Ball must
Arraigned on the Expositor
Affair
Prophet et al. Bound Over to
Circuit Court
The Sureties for the Prophet
Another Warrant Sought—
Daniel's Kingdom and
Treason
Illegal Imprisonment of the
Smith Brothers
Gov. Ford Refuses to Inter
fere with Illegal Proceed-
ings
Elder Taylor's Remonstrance
with Gov. Ford
Elder Taylor Takes Independ-
ent Ac tion
In Carthage Jail
569
.-will
570
571
573
574
CHAPTER
INTERVIEW IN CARTHAG i PRISON BETWEEN GOVERNOR FORD AND THE PROPHET
—TAYLOR'S REPORT OF THE INTERVIEW— TESTIMONY TO THE EXISTENCE OF
A CARTHAGE CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE PROPHET'S LIFE.
Messages to the Governor 575 Affidavit: Alfred Randall-
Letter : Joseph Smith to Gover- Threats Against the Proph-
nor Ford— Soliciting an In- et's Life in Carthage 586
w te 7 xe . w 575 Affidavit: Jonathan C. Wright
Word from Governor Ford.. 576 —Conspiracy Against the
Consultation with Counsel 576 Prophet's Life at Carthaee 587
Interview with Governor Ford 576 Affidavit: Orrin P. Rockwell
Elder John Taylor's Account - Governor Ford in Nauvoo 5S8
of Governor Ford's and Affidavit: William G. Sterrett
President Smith's Interview 579 —Conduct of Governor Ford
XVIII
CONTENTS.
PAGE
and posse while in Nauvoo... 589
Letter: Joseph Smith to Judge
PAGE
Thomas — Engaging Thomas
as Legal Counsel 590
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE PROPHET IN CARTHAGE PRISON — THE UNION OF JUDICIAL, EXECUTIVE,
AND MILITARY AUTHORITY IN DEALING WITH THE
PRISONERS — THE LAST NIGHT IN PRISON.
The Prophet's Anxiety for his
own Safety 592
Hyrum as Comforter 592
Status of Prisoners Under the
Law 593
Letter: General Miner R.
Deming to Joseph Smith —
Protection and Admission to
Presence of the Prophet 593
Effect of a False Commitment- 593
Threats in the Governor's
Presence 594
Conference of Governor Ford
and Justice Smith 594
Letter: Joseph Smith to
Messrs. Woods and Reid — A-
nent Excitement in Carthage 595
Joseph and Hyrum Smith
Forced from Prison 595
Prisoners before the Court... 596
Examination Postponed 597
Brave Patriarch John Smith... 597
Pathetic Interview Between
the Prophet and "Uncle
John" 598
Letter: William Clayton to
Joseph Smith — Conditions in
Nauvoo 598
Militia Council Meeting at
Carthage : 599
The Last Night in Carthage
Prison 600
Conversation with John S.
Fullmer 601
Prophpcy on the Head of Dan
Jones 601
CHAPTER XXXII.
THE DAY OP THE MARTYRDOM— THREATS — REPEATED WARNINGS OP THE PRISON-
ERS' DANGER GIVEN TO GOVERNOR FORD— THE CARTHAGE GREYS AS GUARDS.
Threats of Frank Worrell 602
Governor Ford Warned of
Worrell's Threats 602
Jones' Warning to Governor
Ford 603
Boasts of the Mob 603
Chauncey L. Higbee to Kill
the Prophet 604
Letter: Joseph Smith to
Emma Smith — Prophet's
Instructions as to Reception
of the Governor 605
Dr. Southwick's Report of the
Carthage Meeting 606
Appointment of the Carthage
Greys to Guard the Prisoners 606
Wheelock's Remonstrance to
Governor Ford 607
Arm* Given to the Prisoners 607
Reflections of the Prophet on
Exposing Wickedness 608
The Prisoners' Message to
Friends in Nauvoo 609
The Prophet's Dream of his
Kirtland Farm 609
Testimony of Joseph and
Hyrum to the Book of
Mormon 010
Letter; Postscript 610
Governor Ford Warned of
the Conspiracy Against
Prisoners' Lives 611
CONTENTS.
XIX
CHAPTER XXXIII.
DEPARTURE OF GOVERNOR FORD FOR NAUVOO— THE AFTERNOON IN CARTHAGE
PRISON— THE ASSAULT ON THE PRISON— THE MARTYRDOM
OF JOSEPH AND HYRUM SMITH.
PAGE
Pass for Willard Richards 612
Letter: Joseph Smith to
0. H. Browning — Engaging
Browning as Legal Counsel 613
The Guard's False Alarm over
the Nauvoo Legion 613
Markham Forced out of Car-
thage 614
Anxiety of the Jailor 616
Wine for the Guard 616
PAGE
The Assault on the Jail 617
The Prisoners' Defense 617
Death of Hyrum Smith 617
The "Handsome Fight" of
Joseph Smith and John Tay-
lor 618
Taylor Wounded and Helpless 618
Two Minutes in Jail 620
First Message to Nauvoo 622
CHAPTER XXXIV.
GOVERNOR FORD IN NAUVOO— NEWS OF THE MARTYRDOM MESSAGE TO NAUVOO
— ARRIVAL OF THE BODIES— SORROWFUL SCENES — THE BURIAL.
Governor Ford in Nauvoo 624
Military Display 624
Departure of the Governor
from the Danger Zone 625
The Start from Nauv< o with
the Bodies of the Martyrs 626
The Address of Dr. Richards
el ul 626
Preparation of the Bodies for
Burial 627
Lying in State 628
The Real Burial 628
Official Statement of the Mar-
tyrdom of the Prophet and
Patriarch 629
INTRODUCTION.
I. The Time Period.
The time-period covered in this sixth volume of the History of
the Church is less than one year. Nine months and twenty-eight days,
to be exact; or from the 1st of September, 1843, to the 29th of June,
1841. Events within this period are therefore given in elaborate detail.
The general reader and the student of our history will find in this volume
a larger collection of documents, official and otherwise, covering this
period, than will be found elsewhere.
This volume also closes the first Period of our Church History, the
period marked off by two events: (1) the birth of the Prophet Joseph
Smith; and (2) his martyrdom and that of his brother Hyrum, at Car-
thage, Illinois.
The Journal History of the Prophet, that great source of historical
knowledge concerning the development of the New Dispensation, closes
with his entry of the 22nd of June, 1814. After that, for our knowl-
edge of the remaining events of the Prophet's life, we are dependent
upon collections of data by the Church historians from public and pri-
vate sources, of which collections there are two: the first extends from
the 22nd of June to the 29th of that month, and forms the concluding
chapters of this volume; the second begins also with the 22nd of June,
and extends to the 8th of August, 1814; at which time the Twelve
Apostles were sustained for the time being as the presiding council of
the Church. This second collection of data by the Church historians
will open Volume VII of this History.
In the present volume we see the Prophet's brave struggle against the
overwhelming odds of his foes — foes within the Church, false brethren;
and foes without the Church — the combination of political and sectar-
ian enemies fixed in their determination to kill him, destroy Nauvoo,
aud expel the Saints from Illinois: for all these things were included in
the program of the anti-Mormons of Illinois, even before the death of
the Prophet was encompassed. Three score and seven years now give
perspective to the stirring events in which the really great drama was
enacted; and from that vantage ground of perspective said events may
be reviewed to the enlightenment of those who seek to know the truth,
XXII INTRODUCTION.
and the injustice of the things enacted in Illinois during the closing
months of the Prophet Joseph's earthly career.
II. Why the Latter-day Saints were Welcomed to Illinois.
On the one hand, in the above mentioned struggle, was a peo-
ple who but a few years before had been welcomed into Illinois
as exiles from a neighboring state, the victims of a cruel and
ignorant intolerance. They were welcomed, in part, because of
the injustice to which they had been subjected in a neighboring
state, and because their physical sufferings, arising from want of
shelter and food in an inclement season of the year to which they were
exposed, was such as to move adamantine hearts to pity. Also they
were welcomed because, as pointed out in the Introduction to Volume
IV of this History, the state of Illinois needed augmentation of her
population by just such a people as the Latter-day Saints were — indus-
trious, frugal, skilled mechanics, successful farmers, experienced men
of affairs, men capable of trade and commerce, enterprising and with a
larger proportion of educated men and women among them than was to
be found among the people of western Illinois in those days. I do not
here employ the language of adulation on the one hand, nor seek to
make invidious distinctions upon the other. Either would be vain,
since the well-known and accepted facts of history would disprove the
declarations made if not founded in truth. The fact is, however, that
all that is claimed above for the Missouri exiled Latter-day Saints is
true and well- attested by their achievements in settling Nauvoo, which
in four years rose from a ware-house or two and a few half tumble-
down shacks on the banks of the river, and called "Commerce," to the
dignity of being the first city in Illinois in population and commercial
enterprise, and also gave promise of developing into a manufacturing
center of great importance. This last item was evidenced in the fact
that the founder of Nauvoo, President Joseph Smith, and the Nauvoo
city council appreciated the possibilities in the water power of the
Lower Des Moines Rapids in the Mississippi, at the head of which the
city was located. Reference to his journal entry for the 23rd of Sep-
tember (this volume, p. 80) will witness that he suggested that a peti-
tion be sent to the national Congress for the construction of a canal
arouud the rapids to overcome the obstruction for the free passage of
river craft, which the rapids prevented during the low water period of
each year, and thus enhance the value of the great stream to the inland
commerce of the west.* Reference again to President Smith's journal
* That the general government of the United States has since constructed such
a canal from Keokuk to Montrose, directly opposite Nauvoo on the west, and at a
cost of more than four and a half million dollars, completing it in 1877, is noted in
this volume, p. 80 and foot note.
INTRODUCTION. XXIII
entry for the 8th of December, 1843 (this volume, p. 103) will disclose
the fact that he gave instruction in the forenoon to his clerk to draw a
plan for a dam in the Mississippi; and that in the afternoon of the same
day the city council met and passed an ordinance authorizing Joseph
Smith to "erect a dam of suitable height to propel mills and machinery
from any point within the limits of said city, and below the Nauvoo
House;" also in connection with this dam to construct a "harbor or
basin for steamboats and other craft;" and to construct docks, wharfs
and landings," the wharfage fees to be "regulated by ordinance of said
city (this volume p. 106).
111. Nauvoo as a Possible Manufacturing Center.
What further contributed to the promise that Nauvoo would be a
great manufacturing center as well as the center of an immense agricul-
tural region with a splendid commercial outlet, was the fact tbat arti-
sans and tradesmen of tbe very first order in skill, were rapidly gather-
ing into the city, not only from the New England and other Eastern
states of our own country, but also from the British Isles. It was
inevitable if let alone that Nauvoo would become the greatest manufac-
turing center of Illinois, and among the first of such cities in the United
States The Prophet did not live to see even a commencement made
upon these large enterprises he had conceived, but subsequently his
zealous followers organized a company to carry them to a successful
conclusion under the title of "The Nauvoo Water Power Company,"*
which began the construction of the dam on the 29th of April, 1845;
but which had to be abandoned because of the hostilities that soon after
increased and continued until they culminated in the expulsion of the
Latter-day Saints from Illinois. t
• See Nauvoo Neighbor for March 5th and March ]'2th. John E. Page was presi-
dent of the company; and in a communication to the Neighbor (March 12, 1845)
urging a vigorous proseciition of the enterprise, he said:
"We have commenced active operations for the building of a dam in the river,
as noticed in the Neighbor of last week. * * *
"Here is the proud and gallant Mississippi, with her rapid current, tumbling to
the broad Atlantic, seeming to say las she quickens her pace over the rugged
rocks of the lower rapids just opposite to our beautiful Nauvoo) only improve ray
shores and banks, ye Saints, as ye improve my neighboring soil; and 1 will propel
your mills, cotton and woollen manufactories, by which your laborers can And
employ, and your poor can be clothed and fed."
t As the suggestion of Joseph Smith for building the canal around the Des
Moines Rapids by the general government of the United States was carried out; so
also is the water power of the Des Moines Rapids being utilized for manufactur-
ing and other purposes, first suggested by the Prophet, but now, of course, in a
way and on a larger scale than it was possible even for men to dream of when the
XXIV INTKODUCTION.
In addition to these measures, manufacturing and agricultural asso.
ciations were incorporated; also the "Nauvoo House Associations" for
the erection of a hotel, ambitious to be known as the finest hostelry in the
Upper Mississippi country. One of the agricultural associations, known
as the "Big Field Corporation," held six sections, or three thousand
eight hundred and forty acres of land east of Nauvoo; and the year fol-
lowing the Prophet's death the company harvested about thirty thous-
and bushels of corn, nearly the same amount of wheat, besides an
"abundance of oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes and other vege-
tables.*
IV. Educational Measures at Nauvoo.
And not only in material things was the superior character of Nau-
voo's founders and builders proclaimed; but equally broad and compre-
hensive were their preparations for an educational system. By their
city charter they were empowertd to establish an institution of learning
within the limits of the city for the teaching of the arts and sciences and
learned professions, to be called the "University of the City of Nau-
voo; " also a common school system for the city, all of which was in
course of development even in the early years of Nauvoo's existence
And in addition to these direct educational institutions of common
schools and projected university, literary and dramatic associations
were organized, as also choral and band organizations for the cultiva-
tion of musical talents and to promote the pleasure and refinement of
society; while the religious zeal of the community expressed itself in
the rapidly rising walls of the splendid temple— soon to be the most
solid and pretentious building in the state; and in the tireless mission-
ary enterprise of the dominant Church.
city council of Nauvoo, in 1843, authorized the construction of a dam to harness
this power in the Mississippi for the service of man. This, however, is now nearly
an accomplished fact through the enterprise of the Keokuk and Hamilton Water
Power Company, which, between Hamilton on the Illinois side, and Keokuk on
the Iowa side of the Mississippi (eight or nine miles below Nauvoo), has in
course of construction a dam which, including abutments, will be 4,700 feet in
length, will stand 32 feet above the river bed, and be 42 feet wide at its base,
built of solid concrete. In connection with the dam, and incident to it will be
wharfage and a large drydock for the construction and repair of floating craft.
There will be developed and for sale as the result of this enterprise, 200.000 horse-
power for the service of St. Louis and other towns of Missouri, Illinois and Iowa.
The dam and power house will be built at a cost of $22,000,000.
* See '-History of the Mormon Church," Americana magazine, number for Janu-
ary, 1911, Ch. LIX; al»o Elder John Taylor's Journal entry for 5th of September,
1844.
INTRODUCTION. xxv
V. Jealousy of Nauvoo's Promising Greatness.
Nothing was lacking,then,in the promises of constant and rapid growth
of prosperity and future greatness of Xauvoo. Small wonder if the nar'
row bieotry and jealousy of small-souled men of the time and vicinity—
especially those who were inhabitants of rival towns, particularly those
of Warsaw and Carthage— were envious of Nauvoo's prosperity and
promise of future greatness. Hitherto this element of jealousy of Nau-
voo's prosperity and promise of future greatness has not been 'accorded
the importance due to it as a contributing cause to the warfare made
upon that city and the Saints. Little doubt,however, can be entertained
now attention has been called to it, but what as a contributing cause
jealousy of Xauvoo stood next to religious prejudice and political dis
trust and hatred.
A correspondent from Fair Haven, Connecticut, to a gentleman in
Xauvoo, set forth this matter most convincingly. An excerpt of th
letter was published in the Xauvoo Neighbor of August 7th, 1844. It is
proper to say that the writer was not a member of the Mormon Church:
"but," as the editor of the Neighbor describes him, "a citizen of Con-
necticut, loving law and liberty and life; "and now the paragraph deal-
ing with the point under discussion:
"? is now ffi kao ^ here th ^t the lazy speculators of Warsaw, and the
still lazier office drones at Carthage, cared nothing for Joseph Smith
personally, or for his tenets either; but the prosperity of Xauvoo in-
creasing as it did, beyond any former parallel, even in the western
world, excited in their bosoms envy, hatred and all ungodliness This
is the true secret of all their barbarous movements against Mornion-
lsm -and they supposed by destroying the Smiths they should ex-
tinguish their religion, disperse the Mormons-depopulating and deso-
lating Xauvoo.
Also a correspondent to the State Register published at Springfield,
Illinois, speaking of Thomas C. Sharp, editor of the Warsaw Signal and
the anti-Mormon disturbances in Hancock county said:
"He [Sharp] is also described as having made himself the 'or^an
of a gang of town lot speculators at Warsaw/ who are afraid that
Xauvoo is about to kill off their town and render speculation abortive "*
Mr. Backenstos in January, 1845, when the repeal of the Xauvoo
Charter was under discussion in the Illinois legislature, referred to this
same subject in a speech on the floor of the house of representatives
in the course of which he said:
"Town rivalry had also something to do with this opposition to
Nauvoo. While Warsaw was on the decline, Xauvoo was rapidly in^
18^ RegtSter aniCle ^ C ° Pied int ° the thG XaUV0 ° ™l*bortor November 13th.
XXVI INTRODUCTION.
creasing in wealth and population; a plan to bring about a re-action
was soon concocted by the leading men of Warsaw, who made one pil-
grimage after another to Nauvoo, imploring the Mormon Prophet to
aid them in building up a city adjoining the town of Warsaw, by set-
tling a portion of the Mormon population in and about Warsaw, and
commence the building of a new city. The bubble soon exploded, and
the speculation failed. This gave rise to dissatisfaction with some who
had heretofore been exceedingly polite to 'Lieutenant General Joseph
Smith!'"*
Thus in every way, to refer back to the point of starting the dis-
cussion of this subdivision, the Latter- day Saints are proven by their
achievements and the foundations they laid for the future greatness of
their city, to be a superior people, and hence a desirable addition to
the population of the then young commonwealth of Illinois.
VI. The Character of the People of Western Illinois.
On the other hand there was a population in western Illinois, and
perhaps more especially in Hancock couniy, which had more taan its
full share of lawless and desperate men; who, as by a law of social
gravitation, seek the frontiers of civilization. Moreover it is
notorious that the whole upper Mississippi was a rendezvous for
gamblers, counterfeiters, horse thieves, murderers and other criminals
that infested the great river, which gave easy ingress and egress to a
frontier wilderness on the one hand, and to such centers of population
and activity, on the other, as New Orleans, St. Louis, and many minor
places, besides. "I must give some account of the anti Mormons,"
says Governor Ford in his History of Illinois, when referring to the
inhabitants of Hancock county. "I had a good opportunity to know
the settlers of Hancock county," he continues. "I had attended the
circuit courts there as state's attorney, from 1830, when the county was
first organized, up to 1834: and to my certain knowledge the early
settlers, with some honorable exceptions, were in popular language,
hard cases" (page 406). Then for a period of several years to the
advent of the "Mormons" he had no means of knowing the character
of the people who drifted into the country: "But,'' he adds, "having
passed my whole life on the frontier, on the outer edge of the settle-
ments, I have frequently seen that a few first settlers would fix the
character of a settlement for good or for bad, tor many years after its
commencement. If bad men began the settlement, bad men would be
attracted to them, upon the well known principle that birds of a feather
will flock together. Rogues will find each other out, and so will honest
men. From all which it appears extremely probable, that the later
*Nauvoo Neighbor, March 12th, 1845.
INTRODUCTION. XXVII
immigrants were many of them attracted to Hancock by a secret sym-
pathy between them and the early settlers."
Indeed the governor suggests that it may have been "the promptings
of a secret instinct," which led the "Mormons'' to"discern their fellows"
and induced them to settle in Hancock in preference to other locali-
ties open to them. All which may be regarded as an ingenious thrust
at the Latter-daj 7 Saints, but which fails of reaching irs mark from the
fact that it was the criminal element chiefly in Hancock count\"s popu-
lation which arrayed itself in antagonism against the Saints, and against
whom they were arrayed in all their conflicts in that county. Whereas,
under the governor's theory, this criminal element among the "old
citizens" and the Saints should have been as hand in glove in theit co-
operation of encompassing evil things. But to the contrai-y; from the
time the "Mormons" appeared on the scenes at Commerce, in 1839,
until they were expelled, thev steadfastly and emphatically set their
faces against the evils that cursed that community, and denounced all
manner of evil both as manifested in a few of their own delinquent
members, apostates and camp followers who trailed after the main body
of the Church from Missouri, as well as in others: such as dram-drink-
ing, swearing, Sabbath-breakiug, contracting debts under pretense of
poverty and distress without any prospects or intention of paying,* and
especially did they denounce stealing, under any and all pretexts what-
soever.!
And as it was largely the criminal element among the "old citizens"
that was arrayed against the Saints (with unprincipled politicians and
a few bigoted and jealous religious leaders added), so was it the con-
servative and law-abiding portion of the community among whom they
had many friends; and nearly all of whom were at least so far friendly
with the Saints that they could not be induced to oppose them, mueh
less join in acts of mob violence to the injury of their persons or prop-
erty; for which reason this portion of the non Mormon population were
called by the contemptuous name of ' "Jack- Mormons," which epithet
was invented by the editor of the Warsaw Signal, Thomas C. Shar p,
who also originated the term "Jack-Mason" when editing an anti-
Masonic paper in western New York. In all probability it was this
second name which suggested the first.
*See John Taylor's communication to the Quincy Argus, May 1st, 1&39, History
of the Church, Vol. Ill, Chapter XXIII.
tSee Denunciation of Thieves, 1844, by Hyrum Smith; by President Smith and
the formal action of the Apostles quorum, this History Vol. IV, Chapter XVII
Also the minutes of the conference held at Nauvoo Aprn, 1843, this History, Vol.
V, Chapter XVII.
XXVIII INTRODUCTION .
VII. Educational Status of the People of Western Illinois-
Education among tbe masses of Hancock's non- Mormon population
was of the meagrest kind. Even Mr. Gregg, the historian of the
county, who always gives the best report possible of conditions,
remarks, when treating of the county's educational status, that "a new
country and among pioneers, is not the place where prosperous colleges
and seminaries, or even high schools, are actually found. Hence
common schools and, in many instances, very 'common' ones at that,
were the best means of education in Hancock county in early days,"
But this is said of the schools of Hancock county; the greater number
of the adult population, 1839-1846, which represent the years when the
Saints lived in the county, had migrated from states where educational
opportunities were even fewer and less advanced than in western Illinois.
Even some of the men prominent in political life in the state were men
of extremely limited education. Joseph Duncan, elected governor of
Illinois in 1834, and who had served four terms in Congress previous
to his election as governor, had but a limited education,'' says Gregg.*
And of Thomas Carlin, who was the governor of Illinois when the exiled
Saints moved into the state — he had previously held many minor offices
— the same authority says: "He had but a meager education. ''f
But while the above represents the educational conditions both among
the masses of Hancock county and western Illinois in general, and of
some of the men in public life, it is also true that there were here and
there men in Hancock and surrounding counties of good education and
enlightened culture, such as Stephen A. Douglas, 0. H. Browning,
Major Warren, John J. Hardin, General Minor R. Deming, Samuel
Marshal, Judge Jesse B. Thomas, Josiah Lamborn, Governor Ford and
others.
VIII. The Political Phase.
It has already been observed in these volumes (Vol. IV, Introduc.
tion) that in addition to the Latter-day Saints being welcomed into
Illinois on account of their economic value in a newly and sparsely
settled country, as wealth creators through their industry, frugality
and skill in mechanics and husbandry, political parties of Illinois both
Whigs and Democrats vied with each other in heartiness of welcome,
each hoping to profit by the influx of the new population in both state
*History of Hancock County, p. 158.
tlbid.
JXEBQDJLCTION. XXIX
and national elections. Hence it was possible to obtain for Nauvoo
the exceptional powers that constituted her, under the letter of
her charter, an autonomy within the limits of her boundaries more
akin to a sovereign state than to a municipality within a state and a
county. And such were the powers claimed for her by her founders.*
Hence also that catering to the misconception and wrong interpreta-
tions of the chartered powers of Nauvoo by lawyers and politicians
seeking professional and political favors of the people, which encour-
aged the belief that the city government was the omnipotent political
power within the city limits; and that her municipal court was not only
equal to, but even superior to the state courts — "for all other courts
were restricted," it was contended, while the municipal court of Nauvoo
was not restricted! Similar claims of absolutism were made respecting
the city council as a law-making power; and thus were the people of
Nauvoo misled by their legal and political advisers, who gave false
counsel instead of true, and who encouraged the people in their pi - eju-
dices and flattered their vanity rather than corrected their errors by an
appeal to sound judgment and to the law.
IX. Mischief Arising from False Legal and Political
Counsel.
Much mischief arose from this source. It was because of these
misconceptions in respect of the character of their city government that
led to the enactment of those ill advised and unwarranted city ordi-
nances —
That made gold and silver alone legal tender within the city;
That declared Joseph Smith exempt from arrest on requisitions from
Missouri founded upon the old difficulties in that state, and providing
that persons making an attempt to arrest him might be taken with or
without process, imprisoned for life, and might not be pardoned by the
governor without consent of the mayor;f
That authorized the city council, marshal, constables and city watch
to require all strangers entering the city or already tarrying there to
give their names, former residence and for what intent they were tarry-
ing in the city, and answer such other questions as the officers respect-
ively deemed proper to ask; refusal to give the desired information, or
giving false names or information subjected them to the same penalties
as "vagrants and disorderly persons;"
That further authorized and required the above named officers to
* See this History Vol. V. Ch. ssiv and Vol. IV. Introduction pp, xxii et seq.
t This ordinance about a month after its enactment was repealed at the suggestion
of President Smith. See this volume pp. 55-6.
XXX INTEODUCTION.
"hail and take all persons found strolling about the city at night after
nine o'clock and before sunrise, and to confine them in ward for trial
under the ordinances concerning vagrants and disorderly persons,
unless they could give a good account of themselves for being out "after
nine o'clock; "
That further authorized and required the aforesaid officers to enter
all hotels or houses of public entertainment, and such other habitations
as they may judge proper, and require the inmates to give immediate
information of all persons residing in said hotel or habitation, and their
business, occupation or movements, under penalty of forfeiture of
license, if a public house, and they and the transient persons subject
to the penalties visited upon vagrants for failure to give the informa-
tion required, or giving false information; while the officer who should
"refuse or neglect to perform the above duties should be fined $100, and
be broke of his office;"
That forbade the search and seizure of person or property by foreign
process [i. e. other process than that issuing from the city's authority]
within the city of Nauvoo, leading to the widespread belief that the
design of said ordinance was "to hinder the execution of the statutes
of Illinois" within said city;*
That asked the genei'al government to ratify the Nauvoo Charter,
and in addition constitute the city a territorial government, by grant-
ing "all rights, powers, privileges and immunities belonging to territor-
ies and not repugnant to the constitution of the UnkejLiilatea^j with
power granted to the mayor to call to his aid a sufficient number of the
United States troops, in connection with the Nauvoo Legion, to repel
the invasion of mobs, keep the public peace, protect the innocent from
lawless banditti; the United States officers to obey the requisition of
this ordinance; and the Nauvoo Legion, when in service quelling mobs
and preserving the public peace, to be under the same regulations,
rules and laws of pay as the troops of the United States; the territorial
privileges to continue until the "state of Missouri restores to those
exiled citizens [the Latter-day Saints] the lands, rigUts, privileges,
property, and damages for all losses" they had sustained by being ban-
ished from that commonwealth ;f
And, finally, that asserted the right of the municipal court to arrest
* This alleged "design" of the ordinance President Smith specifically denied in
the open session of the city council, and to a committee of lawyers from Carthage,
who waited upon the city council to protest against this ordinance; and the ordin-
ance was amended by a third section disclaiming such alleged intention, but still
retaining the feature that forced state process to be served through the agency of
Nauvoo's city officers. See this vol. pp. 173-4.
t This volume pp. 130-132.
INTRODUCTION. XXXI
process issued by the state's circuit courts, aud even by the United
States courts, by habeas corpus proceedings; and insisted, not only upon
the right to pass judgment upon the sufficiency of writs under which
arrests were made, but upon the right also to go behind the writs and
try the cases upon their merits.
X. Subserviency of Politicians and Lawyers.
Blame for this political subserviency and misleading political and
legal advice, may not be charged on one party more than another.
If Cvrus Walker, a Whig candidate for congress, assented to the doc-
trine as understood by Nauvoo's leading men, that the municipal court
of Nauvoo held the power under habeas corpus procedure to arrest exe-
cution of process of the state courts, as he did,* so, too, did Joseph P«
Hoge, Democratic nominee; and even Governor Ford, when requested to
call out the militia to rearrest Joseph Smith after he had been liberated
from the custody of Sheriff Reynolds, agent of Missouri, under habeas
corpus proceedings, took refuge behind the habeas corpus proceed,
ings of the Municipal Court at Nauvoo. In that case the court not
only inquired into the sufficiency of the writ of requisition from Mis-
souri, and granted by Governor Ford himself, but also went back of
the writ and tried the case exparte on its merits, and finally dis"
charged the prisoner, both "for want of substance in the warrant,
* * as well as upon the merits of the case.''! When
answering the request of Missouri to rearrest Joseph Smith, Governor
Ford, I say, at least took refuge behind the aforesaid proceedings of the
Municipal Court to the extent of saying, in the face of that procedure,
that "no process, officer or authority of Illinois had been resisted or
interfered witb, r ± and therefore refused to call out the militia to rear-
rest President Smith.
It is but fair to Governor Ford, however, to say that in his inaugura^
speech of December 8th, 1842, he pointed out what he regarded as
objectionable features in the Nauvoo charter, and recommended its
modification^ and later censured the lawyers for misleading the Nau-
voo city authorities in this matter, in the following passage from a
letter to the Mayor and City Council of Nauvoo, under date of June
22 nd, 1844.
You have also assumed to yourselves more power than you are
entitled to in relation to habeas corpus under your charter. I know that
you have been told by lawyers, for the purpose of gaining your favor,
* This History Vol. V, pp. 467-8, 472.
tThis History, Vov. V, pp. 473-4.
t See ForcTs letter to Thomas Reynolds, Governor of Missouri, under date of
August 14. 1843. This History, Vol. V, pp. 553-6.
§ Ibid p. 200.
XXXII INTRODUCTION.
that you have this power to any extent. In this they have deceived you
tor their own base purposes. Your charter supposes that you may pass
ordinances, a breach of which will result in the imprisonment of the
offender.
For the purpose of giving more speedy relief to such persons author-
ity was given to the Municipal Court to issue writs of habeas corpus in all
cases arising under the ordinances of the city.
It was never supposed by the Legislature, nor can the language of
your charter be tortured to mean that a jurisdiction was intended to be
conferred which would apply to all cases of imprisonment under the
general laws of the state or of the United States, as well as the city
ordinances.
To which President Smith replied:
Whatever power we have exercised m the habeas corpus has been done in
accordance with the letter of the Charter and Constitution as we confi-
dently understood them; and that, too, with the ablest counsel; but if it be
so that we have erred in this thing, let the Supreme Court correct the
evil. We have never gone contrary to constitutional law, so far as we
have been able to learn it. If lawyers have belied their profession to
abuse us the evil be on their heads *
XI The Fate of a Balance of Poiver Factor in Politics.
Being misled by false legal and political advice was not the only
misfortune of the kind perpetrated upon the Saints, first by the subser.
viency of, and then the betrayal by, politicians and lawyers. The hope
of both parties to secure political advantage by the influx of the new
Latter-day Saint population into the state has been already referred to; as
also the efforts of both parties to gain their favor by granting excep-
tional favors to them in founding Nauvoo. When, however, the time for
voting came, and the Saints voted according to their convictions of
duty, or as their inclinations prompted, the defeated party or candidates
blamed them for the defeat, and straightway favored the adoption of
an anti- Mormon policy, which found support not only in the defeated
party, but also among those who felt a grievance against the Saints on
other accounts; some because Nauvoo's prosperity and constantly
increasing importance as a center of population and trade and com-
merce was rapidly eclipsing all other towns of the state; and others,
over-anxious to retard, if not destroy, a rival system on account of
religious prejudice. When an anti-Mormon party took the field, pledged
kself to repeal the Nauvoo charter, and to drive the Mormons from the
state— as was the pledge of Joseph Duncan, Whig candidate for Gover-
nor of Illinois in 1841,f there was really no other course for the Saints
to pursue but to combine solidly for the defeat of the candidate and
* This History, Vol. VI. Ch. XXVI, where both letters will be found at length.
tSee Ford's History of Illinois, p. 269; also this History, Vol IV, pp. 479-481
and footnotes; Vol. V, p. 490.
INTRODUCTION. XXXIII
party making such pledges ; the instinct of self-preservation impelled
such a course, rather than the prompting of inclination.
For a time, as in all such cases, the party receiving the support of
this practically solid Mormon vote could be relied upon to protect and
defend those who had made success possible for them; but at the first
indication that the hold of the favored party upon such vote is pre-
carious, that there is a possibility that it might go to the other side,*
naturally the ardor of their friendship, seldom or never sincere, cools;
and they are as ready to combine for the destruction of their former
allies as others have been. And when in addition to precariousness of
hold upon those who possess the balance of power there stands up in
the back ground of things the possibility that the balance of power
party may become strong enough in the political subdivision in which
they are located to run affairs on their own account, the likelihood of
all parties combining against them becomes all the more assured. In
Illinois the Latter-day Saints ran the entire political gamut of experi-
ence as a "balance of power" factor in the politics of western Illinois.
The final phase of that experience had been reached when at a mass
meeting held at Carthage on the sixth of September, 1843, it was—
Resolved, That as it has been too common for several years past for
politicians of both political parties, not only of this county, but like-
wise of the state, to go to Nauvoo and truckle to the heads of the Mor-
mon clan for their influence, we pledge ourselves that we will not sup-
port any man of either party in the future who shall thus debase him-
self.f
Politicians still sought Mormon aid to encompass their own political
ends, but, as Governor Ford later remarked, '"they were willing and
anxious for Mormon voters at elections, but they were unwilling to risk
their popularity with the people, by taking part in their favor even
when law and justice, and the Constitution, were all on their side;"f and
*Such appeared to be the very great probability in the election of 18-43. As will
be remembered by the readers of Vol. IV of this History, Cyrus Walker, Esq.,
Whig candidate for Congress, rendered valuable service in delivering the Prophet
from the hands of those bent upon running him into Missouri for trial on the old
complaint against him in that state. That service could only be obtained in that
crisis by Joseph Smith pledging himself to vote for Walker, which was interpreted
tomeam, of course, the Mormon vote; and it was generally conceded that the
Whigs receiving the Mormon vote would be successful. Before the day of elec-
tion, however, there had arisen strong reasons for believing that the arrest of the
Prophet and the effort to take him to Missouri, as also Walker's appearance upon
the scene to effect his liberation, was itself a political trick to secure the Mormon
vote for the Whig party, which was thwarted by the Mormons voting, at the last
moment, the Democratic ticket. (See Vol. V, Chapter XXVI).
tFord's History of Illinois, p. 364.
C Vol. VI
XXXIV INTODRUCTION.
so finally all parties turned against them, and they were at the last, as
we shall see in a future volume of this history, expelled without mercy
from the state.
(XII. Joseph Smith 1 s Candidacy for the Presidency.
The mischief that threatened during the Prophet's life time, and
which finally befell the Saints, was clearly foreseen by the Church
leaders; and the desire to escape from the threatening portents of it
prompted the nomination of Joseph Smith for the office of President of
the United States, in the general election of 1844. Of course there
could be no hope seriously entertained that, he would be elected; but, as
explained by an editorial in the limes and Seasons* if the Saints could
not succeed in electing their candidate, they would have the satisfaction
of knowing that they had acted conscientiously; they had used their
best judgment, under the circumstances, and if they had to throw away
their votes, it was better to do so upon a worthy than upon an unworthy
individual who might use the weapon they put into his hand to destroy
them. The Prophet himself evidently regarded his nomination humor-
ously rather than seriously, except that it might result in withdrawing
the Saints from the position of shuttle-cock between the battle doors of
the two old political parties. "I care but little about the presidential
chair," he said on one occasion. "I would not give half as much for
the office of President of the United States as I would for the one I now
hold as Lieutenant General of the Nauvoo Legion." Again he said:
"When I get hold of eastern papers, and see how popular I am; I am
afraid myself that I shall be elected; but if I should be, I would not
say [t. e. to the Latter-day Saints] your cause is just but I can do noth-
ing tor you."
As a further evidence that Joseph Smith did not regard his candidacy
as likely to be successful, he was, at the time of his nomination and
afterwards, pushing vigorously his project of a western movement for
the Church. He had drawn up a memorial and ordinance to the
national congress asking to be authorized by the general government to
raise one hundred thousand armed volunteers to police the inter-
mountain and Pacific coast west from Oregon to Texas, for the purpose
of assuring Texas her independence, and maintaining the claims of the
United States to Oregon, and affording the whole western population
of our country protection from Indian depredations; and thus con-
tribute to the rapid settlement and development of that noble extent of
country lying between the Mississippi and the Pacific Ocean. His
agents, Orson Hyde and Orson Pratt, presented the matter to sen-
'See this volume, pp. 214-217, where the editorial is given in extenso.
INTRODUCTION. XXXV
ators and representatives at Washington, and a number favored the
project of the removal of the Mormons to the west, but generally urged
that Joseph Smith go without seeking: special authorization from the
government. ' Reference to Orson Hyde's report of the procedure
among congressmen and their views upon the subiect will be found in
his two important communications to the Prophet from Washington, in
chapter XVI of this volume. Mr. John Wentworth, representative to
Congress from northern Illinois, introduced President Smith's Memorial
and Ordinance into the House on the 25th of May, to be read for the
information of the House; but before the reading was concluded,
objection was made, and as it required unanimous consent to have it
read, further reading was prevented. A vote to suspend the rules in
order that Mr. Wentworth might secure the reading of the memorial
stood 79 yeas, and 86 nays, which vo'e gives evidence at least of a wide-
spread desire to have the matter presented to the House.*
XIII. Missouri as a Factor in the Affairs of Nauvoo.
In addition to all the Illinois factors that entered into the complex
situation confronting the Saints at Nauvoo, at the time of the Prophet's
death, and some time previous to his arrest, was the attitude and
course pursued by Missouri with reference to Nauvoo and the Saints,
Disgraced as a state by her own conduct towards the Latter-day Saints,
when they were inhabitants within her borders, her people were all too
willing to co-operate with any party or agency that would continue to
make war upon them. If the state of Illinois which with open arms had
received the people that Missouri exiled from her borders, under such
circumstances of cruelty, could also be brought to drive them from that
state, it would be regarded, in a way, as a vindication of Missouri and
the course she had taken in her treatment of the Saints, since in effect
it would say, that the people of Illinois, no less than the people of Mis-
souri, found it impossible to tolerate the "Mormons;" and therefore
there must be something fundamentally wrong with them, rather than
with the people of these states. Hence the anti-Mormons of Hancock
and adjoining counties in Illinois, always fouud support in whatever of
violence or wrong they planned against the Saints. Hence the constant
threats of invasion of mobs from Missouri, emphasized by occasional
kidnapping expeditions into Hancock county, together with frequent
requisitions upon the Illinois authorities for the arrest and extradition
of Joseph Smith on the old charges against him in Missouri. And these
*See Chapter XI, this volume, where the memorial itself, Hyde's two letters and
the action in the House of Representatives will he found in full.
XXXVI INTRODUCTION.
Missouri threats and outrages were not among the least of the annoy-
ances and anxieties of the Saints; and they make clear tee necessity
that was , felt for an efficient militia force at Nauvoo. Hence the
Nauvoo Legion and the lively interest manifested in its frequent
musters and drills, and its thorough equipment; all of which, but for
the constant danger of invasion from Missouri mobs, and the co-opera-
tion with them of like forces in Illinois, would have been inconsistent
with the deportment of a religious community whose mission was one of
peace and good will towards men; and who had been especially com-
manded to "renounce war and proclaim peace" (Doc and Cov. Sec. 98,
16); and commanded also to "sue for peace," both to those who had
"smitten" them— the revelation was given after the expulsion from
Jackson county, Missouri— and "to all people;" and "lift up an ensign
of peace, and make a proclamation of peace unto the ends of the earth"
(Doc. and Cov. sec 105: 38-40). But invasions from Missouri con-
stantly menacing them, and the danger of mob violence breaking out in
Illinois, justified the oiganization of the Legion, and the maintenance
of its efficiency by full equipment of arms and frequent drills and mus-
ters; for the right of self-preservation is not abrogated by any divine
law given to the Saints; and duty to protect home and family against
the assaults of the evil-disposed, presses as firmly upon the Saints, as
upon those who have not definitely pledged themselves to a piogram of
righteousness.
XI F. Apostate Conspirators at Nauvoo.
One other factor only remains to be mentioned of those that enter
into that combination of forces that resulted in the death of the Prophet
and the Patriarch. That is the conspiracy of apostates within Nauvoo
itself.
The apostates and their sympathizers were headed by a coterie of
prominent young men: The two Law brothers, William and Wilson;
Robert D. and Charles A. Foster, brothers; Francis M. and Chauncey
L. Higbee, brothers, and unworthy sons of that most faithful man and
the Prophet's devoted friend, Judge Elias Higbee (See Vol. IV pp. 81-
100 passim); Sylvester Emmons and Joseph H. Jackson. Of these,
William Law was counselor in the First Presidency, and Wilson Law
was a major general, and commander of one of the cohorts of the
Nauvoo Legion, and all were or had been more or less prominent in the
public life of Nauvoo.
The cause of their apostasy seems to have been the baneful influence
of John C. Bennett's immoralities; for these men were quite generally
associates of his before his flight from Nauvoo. They evidently lost
INTRODUCTION. XXXVII
the spirit of the gospel, wandered through sin into spiritual darkness,
and seemingly were obsessed by a murderous spirit against the Prophet
who boldly revealed their wickedness and publicly denounced their con-
duct; and in retaliation this coterie of apostates entered into conspir-
acies to encompass President Smith's death, and that of his brother
Hyrum. They were in communication with the Prophet's enemies in
Missouri, and sought to betray him into their hands. They were among
the chief actors in all schemes of opposition and conspiracies against
him in the closing year of his life, including those plots which eventu-
ated in the martvrdom of both Prophet and Patriarch at Carthage. \
XV. The li 'Expositor" Affair.
Such are the chief factors that enter into the combination of events
detailed in this volume of History and which have a direct relationship
to the martyrdom of the Smith brothers. They existed as combustible
matarials awaiting only the spark that would set them aflame to work
death and destruction.
The spark came. It came in the destruction of the Nauvoo Expositor,
published by the above mentioned coterie of apostates. It was the in-
tention of the Expositor, as its name would indicate, to make an expose
of alleged conditions in Nauvoo, in the moral, social, religious and pol-
itical phase of them. Also to agitate for the "unconditional repeal of the
Nauvoo Charter. '' This was a challenge to mortal combat, the issue
being the life of the city of Nauvoo; and after that the question of the
existence of the Church in Illinois, or even within the confines of the
United States; for undoubtedly the city charter once repealed, carrying
with it the disorganization of the Legion, protection for the Saints, as
matters stood in 1844, both civil and military, would be gone. It was a
life and death struggle then that the advent of the Expositor inaugurated.
The Saints stood at such disadvantage in the proposed contest that if
the Expositor was allowed to run its course it would inevitably have won
its case against the city; and against the Church, so far as the latter
continuing in Illinois, and perhaps as far as its continuance in the
United States was concerned.
The new marriage system, involving the practice, within certain limi-
tations and under very special conditions, of a plurality of wives, con-
stituted a ground of appeal ro popular prejudices and passions that
would have been absolutely resistless if the paper had been allowed to
proceed. The charter would have been repealed; the city government
destroyed, or at the least modified and placed in the hands of an apos-
tate or anti-Mormon minority whose administration would have been
intolerable to the large majority of Nauvoo's citizens; and finally the
XXXVIII INTRODUCTION.
scenes of Missouri would have been re-enacted in an Illinois setting.
In the presence of such difficulties, what was to be done? In addition
to declaring the existence of the practice of plural marriage, not yet
announced or publicly taught as a doctrine of the Church, and agitat-
ing for the unqualified repeal of the Nauvoo charter, gross immoralities
were charged against leading citizens which doubtless rendered the
paper grossly libelous. In other cities such an avowed enemy as the
Expositor was, would have been destroyed by a mob. For the people
of Nauvoo to have so proceeded would have been a departure from
their principles of upholding law and order, and would have brought
upon them the people of the surrounding counties, and from Missouri
in overwhelming numbers. Mob violence could not be thought of; and
yet the safety of the community imperatively demanded the suppres-
sion of the Expositor at any cost.
Under these circumstances the city council met and took under con-
sideration the Expositor and the necessity of destroying it. As their
charter conferred upon the city the right to remove nuisances, the city
council declared the Expositor press a nuisance and directed the Mayor
to have it destroyed, which he did by civing an order to that effect,
and it was destroyed without riot or tumult.
The legality of the action of the Mayor and City Council was, of
course, questionable, though some sought to defend it on legal grounds;
but it must be conceded that neither proof nor argument for legality are
convincing. On the grounds of expediency or necessity the action is
more defensible. The existence of the city, the preservation of the
Latter-day Saints until provision could be made for a retreat from
Illinois— which retreat was even then being provided for by the Prophet
in the projected movement of the Church to the west— demanded the
cessation of the publication of the Expositor. By proceeding at least
under the forms of law, the city council, though they might be con-
scious of the illegality of their action,avoided the necessity of the people
resoning to mob action for self-preservation, and made it possible for
the legality of their course to be determined in the courts, and the
parties injured to recover compensation for the press and damages by
civil process. Meantime the libelous press with its mission of destruc-
tion of the Saints at Nauvoo was silenced; and had events taken the
course which the action of the city council provided, a respite would
have been gained from impending violence, during which arrange-
ments for the retreat of the Saints from Illinois could have been
completed and a goal of safety won for them. Under a plea, then,
of absolute necessity to self-preservation of a community, and to achieve
the retreat here alluded to, and with the certainty that those injured
in property by the Expositor's destruction would be fully compensated
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX
iii civil action before the courts — the action of the mayor and city
council of Nauvoo is defensible, even if not on the ground of the
legality of their procedure.*
XVI. The Appeal to the Mob Spirit.
Events did not take the course planned lor them. The uproar that
followeJ the destruction of the Expositor press, put all reason at de-
fiance. At Warsaw a mass meetiner was held which issued a statement!
in connection with the resolution- it passed, that "A mob at Nauvoo,
under a city ordinance, has violated the highest privile.ee in govern-
ment- and to seek redress in the ordinary way would be utterly in-
effectual Resolved, that we hold ourselves at all times in
readiness to co-operate with our fellow citizens in this state, Missouri,
and Iowa, to exterminate, utte/ly exterminate the wicked and abominable
Mormon leaders, the authors of our troubles. * * * The
time, in our opinion, has arrived when the adherents of Smith as a
body should be driven from the surrounding settlements into Nauvoo.
That the Prophet and his miscreant adherents should then be demanded
at their hands; and, if not surrendered, a war of extermination should
be waged to the entire destruction, if necessary for our protection, of
his a~iherents. And we hereby recommend this resolution to the con-
sideration of the several townships, to the mass convention to be held
at Carthage."
The Carthage meeting held a few days later embodied the above in
their resolutions, as did other mass meetings held at various places.
The Warsaiv Signal in its impression of June l'ith, passionately said:f
"We have only to state that this [i. e. The destruction of the Expositor
press] is sufficient! War and extermination is inevitable! CITIZENS
ARISE, ONE and ALL! ! ! Can you stand by, and suffer such IN-
FERNAL DEVILS! to ROB men of their property rights, without
avenging them? We have no time to comment: every man will make
his own LET IT BE MADE WITH POWDER and BALL!!!"
All the combustible material to which attention is called in this Intro
ductiou was instantlv aflame at the destruction of the Expositor press.
Every passion was appealed to, jealousy, envy, cupidity, hatred. All
the lawless elements of the community were practically invited to
*See Chapter XXX, passim this volume for a discussion of the JExjyosiior; also
Taylor-Colfax Discussion on the "Mormon" Question, p. 20. Also an editorial
from the Nauvoo Neighbor, see p. 490, this volume.
tl follow the typing and punctuation from the Signal as given by the late John
Hay, secretary of state, Atlantic Monthly of December, 1869.
XL INTRODUCTION.
assemble and run riot in lawless violence, and excess of carnage and
destruction of property and life. Nothing but the wholesome fear of
the strength and effectiveness of the Nauvoo Legion at that time held
this lawless element in check.
It was all in vain that hearings were had before the municipal court of
Nauvoo, on the Expositor matter; in vain that a subsequent hearing was
had before Esquire Wells, then not a Mormon and living outside of
Nauvoo limits; in vain that the Nauvoo Neighbor sought to conciliate
the awakening wrath that was aroused in the community, bv pleading
that if the citv council had ''exceeded the law of the land, a higher
court could regulate the proceedings;" in vain that President Smith
urged Governor Ford to come to Nauvoo to make personal investigation
of conditions and take the necessary steps to prevent riot and war — all
was in vain; preparations were in the making on all sides for an up-
rising angainst Nauvoo and the Saints, and there was nothing left but
to defend the city by placing it under martial law and calling upon the
Legion to resist the threatened assault, which act was made the basis for
the subsequent charge of "treason."
Then followed in quick succession the demand of the governor for the
Mayor and members of the City Council to come to Carthage and submit
to trial under circumstances that inevitably meant death; the inspira-
tion of the Prophet to go to the West and all would be well; the cross-
ing of the Mississippi by the Prophet and a few trusted friends to make
preparations for that journey; the accusation by false friends of
cowardice on the Prophet's part, the flight as of a false shepherd leav.
ing the flock to be devoured by wolves; the lightning-like retort of the
Prophet — "If my lije is of no value to my friends, it is oj none to myself;''''
the return to Nauvoo; the subsequent going to Carthage to submit to
the demands of the governor of Illinois in every particular, and the
well-known story of Carthage jail — the martyrdom.
XVII. llie Prophet's Nobility in the hour of Trial.
The bearing of the Prophet throughout the closing months with which
this volume deals is admirable/ There is no faltering or evidence of
weakness at any point of his conduct. If criticised at all it would be
for over-daring, for over self-confidence, that approached sublimity.
Strong men through wickedness fell away from their discipleship, and
conspired against him; the Prophet reproved them in the gate, and pro-
claimed their iniquities in public when hope of reforming them was
gone, ifle saw mobs forming for the destruction of himself and Nauvoo
and his people; he calmly prepared to meet force with force, and
drilled and prepared his legion for the conflict, entrenched some of the
approaches to the city, and picketed them with guards; as,mayor of the
INTRODUCTION. XLI
city he placed the city under martial law; and as lieutenant-general he
took personal command of the Nauvoo Legion and stood ready to de-
fend the rights of himself and his people, for which his revolutionary
ancestry had fought in the war for American independence. He be-
lieved gloriously in the right of self-defense, and resistance to op-
pression by physical force if necessary. To his uncle John Smith at
Ramus who had asked for counsel in the disturbed state of things, he
wrote ten days before his death:
"I write these few lines to inform you that we feel determined in this
place not to be dismayed if hell boils over all at once. We feel to
hope for the best, and determined to prepare for the worst, and we want
this to be your motto in common with us: We will never ground our arms
until toe give them up by death.''' 1
And from Carthage prison, on the morning of the day of his martyr-
dom, he wrote to his wife for transmission to his people:
"There is one principle which is eternal: It is the duty of all men to
protect their lives and the lives of their household, whenever necessity
requires, and no power has a right to forbid it, should the last extreme
arrive; but I anticipate no such extreme; but caution is the parent of
safety."
When the jail in Carthage was assailed, and the mob was pouring
murderous volleys into the room occupied by himself and friends, the
Prophet turned from the prostrate form of his murdered brother to face
death- dealing guns and bravely returned the fire of his assailants,
"bringing his man down every time," and compelling even John Hay,
who but reluctantly accords the Prophet any quality of virtue, to con-
fers that he "made a handsome fight'' in the jail.*
XVIII. Always the Prophet- Teacher.
But what was more wonderful than the manifestation of moral and
physical courage and good generalship during these turbulent months
of his career, was the pursuance of his duties as a teacher of religious
truth — his calling as a Prophet of God. Notwithstanding he was
troubled on every side, he could compose his mind to instruct the
*This is the late Secretary of State John Hay, in the Atlantic Monthly for De-
cember, 1869; "Joe Smith died bravely, he stood by the jam of the door and fired
four shots, bringing his man down every time. He shot an Irishman named Wills,
who was in the affair from his congenital love of a brawl, in the arm; Gallagher, a
Southerner from the Mississippi bottom, in the face; Voorhees, a half-grown hob-
bledehoy from Bear Creek, in the shouldei ; and another gentleman, whose name I
will not mention, as he is prepared to prove an alibi, and besides stands six feet
two in his moccasins." In a later paragraph he refers to "the handsome light in
the jail."
XLII INTRODUCTION.
Church en such doctrines as the complete salvation of their dead; how
to proceed with the administration of all ordinances given for
and in behalf of the dead; the doctrine of the resurrection and the
reality of spiritual existences; the plurality of Divine Intelligences, or
Gods; the nature of man's spirit; the doctrine of eternal progress for
intelligences who keep the estates through which they are appointed to
pass; the nature and character of the Godhead, and the relationship of
man to God. All these themes and many more he dwelt upon in public
discourse and private interview and written communications. He lived
his life, as I have said elsewhere, in cresendo, it grew in intensity and
volume as he approached its close. Higher and still higher the inspi-
ration of God directed his thoughts; bolder were his conceptions, and
clearer his expositions of them. So far was he from being a "fallen
prophet' 1 in the closing months of his career, as apostates charged, that
he grew stronger with each passing day; more impressive in weight of
personal character, and charm of manner; for he preserved amid all the
conflicts and trials through which he passed — until the shadows ot im-
pending death began to fall upon him in Carthage prison — the natural
sweetness of his nature, and the intellectual playfulness characteristic
of him from boyhood — so do not fallen prophets.
*******
Side by side on the banks of the majestic river that half encircles
Nauvoo, the "beautiful," carrying with it also the idea of "rest,"
peacefully sleep the brothers, Joseph and Hyrum Smith, the Prophet
and the Patriarch of the Church in the New Dispensation of the Gospel.
Their lives were interlaced by almost daily associations from childhood
to the last awful scene of martyrdom. It was therefore most .'ittingthat
they should be buried beside each other, on the banks of the "Father
of Waters" in the city they had founded, where they had toiled and
suffered and achieved; where their joys rose to greater heights and
their sorrows sounded greater depths than falls to the lot of but few men
in this world. Undisturbed may their death slumber be until it shall be
ended by the trump of God, calling them forth to a glorious resurrec.
tion.
*
Prophet and Patriarch
In the Temple square at Salt Lake City, where tens of thousands, made
up of people of nearly every nation in the world view them, stand two
bronze statues, life size, on granite bases. They are the statues of the
Brothers Smith, the Prophet and the Patriarch of the New Dispensation of
the Gospel. On the granite basements, respectively, are bronze tablets on
XLIII INTEODUCTIOX.
which is engraved the Life Record of these men, and what is character-
istic of each.
The text of the bronze plate of Hyruni Smith's statue is as follows:
HYRUM SMITH.
The Patriarch and a witness of the Book of Mormon.
An elder brother, and the steadfast friend and counselor of Jeseph
Smith, the Prophet.
Born at Tunbridge, Vermont, February 9th, 1800: suffered martyr-
dom with the Prophet at Carthage, Illinois, on the 27th of June, 1844.
The friendship of the brothers Hyrum and Joseph Smith is foremost
among the few great friendships of the world's history. Their names
will be classed among the martyrs for religion.
The Book of Mormon — the plates of which Hyrum Smith both saw
and handled; the revelations in the Book of Doctrine and Covenants;
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — these, to bring them
forth for the salvation of the world, cost the best blood of the 19th
century.
"I could pray in my heart that all men were like my brother Hyrum,
who possesses the mildness of a lamb and the integrity of Job, and, in
short, the meekness and humility of Christ. I love him with that love
that is stronger than death." — Joseph Smith.
"If ever there was an exemplary, honest and virtuous man, the
embodiment of all that is noble in the human form, Hyrum Smith was
the representative." — Presideyit John laylor.
As he shared in the labors, so does he share in the honor and glory
of the New Dispensation with his Prophet Brother.
In life they were not divided; in death they were not separated; in
glory they are one.
The text on the west side of the base of Joseph Smitn's tablet is:
JOSEPH SMITH.
The Prophet of the Xew Dispensation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ
our Lord. He was born at Sharon, Vermont, on the 23rd of December,
1805; and suffered Martyrdom for the word of God and the testimony
of Jesus at Carthage, Illinois, on the 27th of June, 1S44.
HIS VISION OF GOD.
I saw two Personages whose glory and brightness defy all descrip
tion. One of them spake unto me and said:
" This is my Beloved Son: hear Him "
I asked which of all the sects was right, and which I should join. I
XLIV INTRODUCTION.
was answered I must join none of them; they were all wrong; they
teach for doctrine the commandments of men; I received a promise that
the fulness of the Gospel would at some future time be made known
to me.
THE BOOK OF MORMON.
This book was revealed to him, and he translated it by the gift and
power of God. It is an inspired history of ancient America, and con-
tains the fullness of the Gospel. It is the American Testament of our
Lord and Savior Jesus Christ.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH.
Joseph Smith received divine authority through the ministration of
angels to teach the Gospel and administer the ordinances thereof. He
established again in the earth the Church of Jesus Christ, organizing it
by the will and commandment of God on the 6th day of April, 1830.
He also received commission to gather Israel and establish Zion on
this land of America; to erect temples and perform all ordinances there-
in both for the living and the dead; and prepare the way for the glor-
ious coming of the Lord Jesus Christ to reisrn on earth.
The contents of the tablet on the east side of the base of the Prophet's
statue are these gems from his teachings:
TRUTH GEMS.
The glory of God is intelligence.
It is impossible for a man to be saved in ignorance.
Whatever principles of intelligence we attain unto in this life will rise
with us in the resurrection.
There is a law irrevocably decreed in heaven before the foundations
of this world upon which all blessings are predicated; and when we
obtain any blessing from God it is by obedience to that law on which it
is predicated.
This is the work and glory of God: to bring to pass the immortality
and eternal life of man.
Adam fell that man might be; and men are that they might have joy.
The intelligence of spirits had no beginning, neither will it have an
end. Jesus was in the beginning with the Father: man was also in
the beginning with God. Intelligence, or the light of truth, was not
created or made, neither indeed can be.
The spirit and body is the soul of man; and the resurrection from
the dead is the ledemption of the soul.
It is the first principle of the Gospel to know for a certainty the char-
acter of God; and to know that man, (as Moses) may converse wit a Him
as one man converses with another.
INTRODUCTION. XLV
This message of the Prophet, and these doctrines of the east bronze
tablet, together with other doctrines taught by him in this Period I of
our Church History, and to be found scattered through the six vol-
umes now published of that history, await only the mind of some God-
inspired Spencer to cast them into synthetical form — to be adequately
presented and witnessed — to constitute Mormonisrn both the Religion
and the Philosophy of modern times — to bring to pass and to glorify the
Golden Age of the long promised Millennium of Christian hope.
HISTORY
OF THE
Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints
«
VOL. VI
HISTORY
OF THE
CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST
OF
LATTER-DAY SAINTS.
PERIOD I.
HISTORY OF JOSEPH SMITH, THE PROPHET.
CHAPTER I.
AN ESTIMATE OF THE PROPHET JOSEPH AS A RELIGIOUS
LEADER — ANTI-MORMON MEETING AT CARTHAGE — HISTOR-
ICAL SKETCH — IMPORTANT CONFERENCE OF THE TWELVE
HELD IN BOSTON.
Friday, September 1, 1843. — A conference was held
in Buffalo, New York, Elder John P. Greene presiding;
Wm. H. Folsom,* clerk: 13 branches, 1 High Priest, 58
* William H. Folsom named above afterward became prominent as an architect
in Utah. He was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in March, 1815, and died
in Salt Lake City, 1901, at the advanced age of 86 years. When a boy he moved to
Buffalo N.Y. with his parents. When in his twenty fifth year he heard a Mormon
Elder preach and was converted to the gospel and joined the Church. As a conse-
quence of this act he was ostracised by his people. He took his family and moved
to Nauvoo and established himself as an architect and builder, and assisted in the
construction of the Nauvoo Temple.
Brother Folsom was expelled from Nauvoo at the time of the general exodus of
the Saints and settled for a time at Keokuk. He subsequently moved to Council
Bluffs, and in 1860 went on to Salt Lake valley. His ability as an architect and
builder was soon required by President Brigham Young. President Young
conceived the general plan of the now celebrated "Mormon Tabernacle" at Salt Lake
City, but William Folsom took President Young's suggestions and worked out the
plans. While others scouted the idea of the structure, Folsom had faith in it, and
as a consequence he has associated his name inseparably with the building, that
1 Vol. VI.
2 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Elders, 2 Teachers, 1 Deacon, and 247 members were rep-
resented.
I attended the meeting of the High Council as a witness
in the case of Cowles* vs. Greorge J. Adams. Charges not
sustained.
Saturday, 2. — I was not well, and therefore adjourned
Mayor's Court.
Sunday, 3. — I attended council with my brother
Hyrum, Newel K. Whitney, Willard Eichards, William
Law and William Marks, and gave instructions to the
brethren in relation to things in futurity.
A tremendous storm at Chester, Penn. The creek rose
twenty- three feet in two hours, and swept away all the
bridges, many factories and houses, and upwards of
twenty persons drowned.
A conference was held at Hayward's Hotel, Manchester,
England.
Minutes of the Manchester Conference, held 3rd of September, 1843.
Charles Miller, President; William Walker, Clerk. Present: 1
Patriarch, 1 High Priest, 25 Elders, 40 Priests, 21 Teachers, and 4
Deacons.
Total number of members represented was as follows: 1,549
members, including 44 Elders, 99 Priests, 56 Teachers, 22 Deacons.
Baptized since last general conference, 80; cut off, 29; emigrated, 18;
removed, 2G; died, 4.
Monday, 4. — Attended mayor's court and tried three'
cases — viz.,
City versus A. Dodge, S. Dodge, and Luther Purtelow.
The two first I fined five dollars, and the last one
dollar and costs. One, p. m., called and gave licence for
stands as one of the world's centers of interest and curiosity. He was the arch-
itect and superintendent of construction of the Manti Temple, and was an able
assistant in the construction of all the Temples in Utah. He was the designer of
the Salt Lake Theater, and of many other buildings that are this day admired for
their architectural grace and durability.
* This was Austin Cowles, for some time counselor in the Nauvoo stake of Zion
(History op the Church, Vol. IV, p. 323) and subsequently a member of the High
Council. The nature of the charges made against George J. Adams at this time is
not known.
A.U. 1843 J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 3
a circus performance, which I attended with my family
until five, p. m.
I copy from the New York Sun as follows: —
"joe smith, the mormon prophet."*
This Joe Smith must be set down as an extraordinary character, a
prophet-hero, as Carlyle might call him. He is one of the great men of
this age, and in future history will rank with those who, in one way or
another, have stamped their impress strongly on society.
Nothing can be more plebeian, in seeming, than this Joe Smith.
Little of dignity is there in bis cognomen; but few in this age have
done such deeds, and performed such apparent miracles. It is no small
thing, in the blaze of this nineteenth century, to give to men a new
revelation, found a new religion, establish new forms of worship, to
build a city, with new laws, institutions, and orders of architecture, —
to establish ecclesiastic, civil and military jurisdiction, found colleges,
send out missionaries, and make proselytes in two hemispheres: yet all
this has been done by Joe Smith, and that against every sort of opposi-
tion, ridicule and persecution. This sect has its martyrs also; and the
spirit in which they were imprisoned and murdered in Missouri, does
not appear to have differed much from that which has attended religious
persecutions in all ages of the world.
That Joe Smith, the founder of the Mormons, is a man of great
talent, a deep thinker, and eloquent speaker, an able writer, and a man
of great mental power, no one can doubt who has watched his career.
That his followers are deceived, we all believe; but, should the inherent
corruptions of Mormonism fail to develop themselves sufficiently to
convince its followers of their error, where will the thing end? A great
military despotism is growing up in the fertile West, increasing faster
in proportion, than the surrounding population, spreading its influence
around, and marshalling-mjiltitudes under its banners, causing serious
alarm to every patriot ._^-^-"
What is the reason that men are so blind that they can-
not or will not see the hand of the Lord in His work of
the last days !
Tuesday, 5. — Went to the office at nine, a. m., with
Mr. Hamilton, of Carthage, who had obtained a deed from
* This article is much of the complexion of one published many years later — 1882
— by Josiah Quincy of Boston, who visited the Prophet about eight or nine months
later, and published an account of his visit, and his impression of the Prophet in
his "Figures of the Past." under the title "Joseph Smith at Xauvoo."
4 HISTOKY 01 THE CHUKCH. [A. D. 1843
the sheriff of the county for lot 2, block 103, in the city
of Nauvoo, for taxes, although I had previously paid them;
which is another specimen of the oppression, injustice, and
rascality of Mr. Collector Bagby, who by such foul means
robs me and other Saints, and abuses all who come un-
fortunately in his power.
I requested my clerk to make out a bill of fare for the
"Mansion."
The ship Metoka sailed from Liverpool with a company
of Saints on board.
Wednesday, 6. — I went to the recorder's about half
past six, a. m., and found him in bed.
Held mayor's court in the case, "City versus Joseph
Owen."
Anti-Mormon Meeting at Carthage, Seat of Hancock, County Illinois.*
Meeting convened pursuant to adjournment. The former chairman t
not being present.
EdsonWhitney, Esq., was called to the chair, and the meeting being
organized, the following preamble and resolutions were submitted by
the committee, and unanimously adopted: —
PREAMBLE AND RESOLUTIONS.
This meeting having convened for the purpose of taking under ad-
visement a subject of vital importance not only to this county, but to all
the surrounding counties, regret that we are necessarily and irresistibly
forced to the conclusion that a certain class of people have obtruded
themselves upon us, calling themselves Mormons, or Latter-day Saints*
and under the sacred garb of Christianity, assumed, as we honestly be-
lieve, that they may the more easily, under such a cloak, perpetrate the
most lawless and diabolical deeds that have ever, in any age of the
world, disgraced the human species.
In evidence of the above charge, we find them yielding implicit
obedience to the ostensible head and founder of this sect, who is a
pretended prophet of the Lord, and under this Heaven-daring assump-
* This was an adjourned meeting from one of the same character which had
met at the same place on the 19th of August previous, which after hearing Anti-
Mormon addresses and appointing committees to draft resolutions against the
Mormons, adjourned to meet again on the above date, 6th of September. (See
History of the Church, Vol. IV pp. 537 — 8).
t The former chairman was Major Reuben Groves. (See minutes of the 19th of
August, above note.)
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 5
tion claiming to set aside, by his vile and blasphemous lies, all those
moral and religious institutions which have been established by the
Bible, and which have in all ages been cherished by men as the only
means of maintaining those social blessings which are so indispensably
necessarv for our happiness. J^>
"We believe that such an individual, regardless as he must be of his
obligations to God, and at the same time entertaining the most absolute
contempt for the laws of man, cannot fail to become a most dangerous
character, especially when he shall have been able to place himself at
the head of a numerous horde, either equally reckless and unprincipled
as himself, or else made his pliant tools by the most absurd credulity
that has astonished the world since its foundation.
In the opinion of this meeting, a crisis has arrived, when many of
the evils to be expected from a state of things so threatening have
transpired. We feel convinced that circumstances have even now
occurred which prove to us most conclusively that Joseph Smith, the
false Prophet before alluded to, has evinced, in many instances, a most
shameless disregard for all the forms and restraints of law, by boldly
and presumptuously calling' in question the acts of certain officers, who
had fearlessly discharged the duties absolutely imposed upon them by
the laws, particulary when they have come in contact with his own sordid
and selfish interests.
He has been heard to threaten — nay, he has committed violence upon
the person of an officer, because that officer dared honestly to do his
duties according to law.
He has caused his city council to pass laws contrary to the laws of
the state, and subversive of the rights of citizens of this state.
Citizens have been arrested, tried and punished for breaches of
those mock laws, from time to time, in such manner, that they have
been compelled to the humiliating necessity of seeking an asylum else-
where, in order to escape the tyranny and oppression of this modern
Caligula.
He has caused the writ of habeas corpus to be issued by the
municipal court of the city of Nauvoo, in a case not provided for in the
charter of this city, and indeed contrary to the letter of that instrum-
ent; and, himself a prisoner, arrested under grave charges made by a
neighboring state, brought before said court, tried, and acquitted;
thereby securing his own rescue from the custody of the law.
Citizens from the adjoining counties have been denied the right to
regain property stolen and taken to Nauvoo, even after they have dis-
covered both the thief and the property; and themselves, under the most
frivolus pretenses, arrested, fined, and other property rifled from them,
to satisfy the mock judgments and costs of his cormorant officers.
6 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1843
Persons upon whom stolen property has been found in the city of
Nauvoo, have been brought before this religio-political chief; and he,
in the capacity of mayor of the city, has refused to convict, where the
cases have been most clear and palpable.
We have had men of the most vicious and abominable habits imposed
upon us to fill our most important county offices, by his dictum, in
order, as we verily believe, that he may the more certainly control our
destinies, and render himself, through the instrumentality of these base
creatures of his ill-directed power, as absolutely a despot over the
citizens of this county as he now is over the serfs of his own servile clan.
And, to crown all, he claims to merge all religion, all law, and both
moral and political justice, in the knavish pretension that he receives
fresh from heaven divine instructions in all matters pertaining to these
things; thereby making his own depraved will the rule by which he
would have all men governed.
He has caused large bodies of his ragamuffin soldiery to arm them-
selves, and turn out in pursuit of officers legally authorized to arrest
himself; he being charged with high crimes and misdemeanors com-
mitted in the state of Missouri, and those officers arrested by the vilest
hypocrisy, and placed in duress, that he might enable himself to march
triumphantly into Nauvoo, and bid defiance to the laws of the land.
In view of the above grievances, this meeting feel that it is their
bounden duty to resist, by every laudable means, all such unwarrantable
attacks upon their liberties. Therefore —
Resolved, 1 st. That inasmuch as we honestly believe that the com-
bination of people calling themselves Mormons, or Latter-day Saints,
have given strong indications, in their recent movements, that they
are unwilling to submit to the ordinary restraints of law, we are there-
fore forced to the conclusion that the time is not far distant when the
citizens of this country will be compelled to assert their rights in some
way.
Resolved, 2nd. That while we would deprecate anything like lawless
violence, without justifiable cause, yet we pledge ourselves in the most
solemn manner to resist all the wrongs which may be hereafter
attempted to be imposed on this community by the Mormons, to the
utmost of our ability, — peaceably, if we can, but forcibly, if we must.
Resolved, 3rd. That in the event of our being forced into a collision
with that people, we pledge ourselves that we will stand by and support
each other in every emergency up to the death. '
Resolved, 4th. That we believe that it is also the. interest of our
friends in the neighboring counties and aiso neighboring states to
begin to take a firm and decided stand against the high pretensions
and base designs of this latter-day would-be Mahomet.
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUKCH. /
Resolved, oth. That provided we must necessarily, for the well-being
of this community, the protection of our dearest rights, and the pre-
servation of our excellent institutions, adopt measures to humble the
pride and arrogance of that audacius despot; we therefore call upon all
good and honest men, without distinction of party or place, to come
to the rescue.
Resolved, 6th. That we pledge ourselves in the most determined
manner that if the authorities of the State of Missouri shall make
another demand for the body of Joseph Smith, and our Governor shall
issue another warrant to stand ready at all times to serve the officer
into whose hands such warrant may come, as a posse, in order that it
may not be said of us, in future, that the most outrageous culprits have
been suffered "to go unwhipped of justice."
Resolved, 7th. That a corresponding committee be appointed to
communicate with the different parts of this county, and also with other
counties: and we would also recommend to all surrounding counties to
appoint like committees for the purpose of a mutual interchange of
views in regard to the subjects embraced in these proceedings.
Resolved, 8th. That as it has been too common for several years
past for politicians of both political parties, not only of this county, but
likewise of the state, to go to Nauvoo and truckle to the heads of the
Mormon clan for their influence, we pledge ourselves that we will not
support any man of either party in future who shall thus debase
himself.
Resolved, 9th. That if the Mormons carry out the threats they have
made in regards to the lives of several of our citizens, we will, if
failing to obtain speedy redress from the laws of the land, take summary
and signal vengeance upon them as a people.
Resolved, 10th. That when the (iovernment ceases to afford pro-
tection, the citizens of course fall back upon their original inherent
right of self-defense.
In pursuance of the 7th resolution, the following gentlemen were
appointed to act as a central corresponding committee at Carthage —
namely, Captain Robert F. Smith, Major T. J. Bartlet, Harmon T. Wil-
son, Frank A. Worrel, and Walter Bagby.
On motion of Henry Stevens, it was ordered that committees, con-
sisting of two persons, be appointed in each election precinct of this
county, for the purpose of communicating with the central committee
at Carthage; and that those two may add to their number at discretion.
On motion of Daniel Beaver, it was made the duty of the person
whose name stands first on the list of each committee to act as chair-
man; and that all communications from the other committees, or from
any other source, shall be added.
8 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
The following gentlemen were then appointed by the chair as com-
mittees in the several precincts, to wit : —
Green Plains — Edson Whitney and Levi Williams.
Bear Creek — William White and Andrew Moore.
Chili — Stephen Owen and Arthur Morgan.
Augusta — William D. Abernethy and Alexander Oliver.
Saint Mary's — William Darnell and Daniel Beaver.
Fountain Green — Thomas Geddis and S. H. Tyler.
La Harpe — Jesse Gilmer and Charles Comstock.
Camp Creek — James Graham and Thomas Harris.
Appanooce — John McCanley and John R. Atherton.
Montebello — Samuel Steel and Benjamin B. Gates.
Warsaw — Thomas C. Sharp and Mark Aldrich.
On motion of Levi Williams, Colonel Root, of McDonough county,
was added to the central corresponding committee of Carthage.
On motion of Henry Newton, Esq.,
Resolved, That the central committee of correspondence act as a gen-
eral committee of supervision; and, in case of a contingency occurring
requiring aid, that they immediately call on the precinct committees
and upon all others favorable to our cause to furnish such aid as the
exigency of the case may require.
On the motion of Charles C. Stevens, the following supplementary
resolutions were unanimously adopted: —
Resolved, That the president of this meeting be requested to com-
municate with the Governor of Missouri, and respectfully request
him to make another demand upon the authorities of this state for the
body of Joseph Smith, commonly called the Mormon Prophet; and in
the event of a requisition and an order for his arrest and delivery to the
proper officers of the state of Missouri, we offer our services to enforce
said order, and pledge ourselves to sustain the supremacy of the laws
at all hazards and under all circumstances.
Resolved, That a copy of the proceedings of this meeting be for-
warded to the publisher of the Warsaw Message, Quincy Whig, and
Quincy Herald, for publication, with a request to them to add a note,
soliciting all editors friendly to our cause in this state, Missouri, and
Iowa Territory, to copy.
It was then moved and seconded, That this meeting adjourn, subject
to the call of the central corresponding committee.
Edson Whitney, Chairman.
W. D. Abernethy, Secretary.
Editors throughout Illinois, Missouri, Iowa Territory, friendly to the
Anti-Mormon cause, are requested to publish the proceedings, in to-
day's paper, of a meeting held at Carthage on the 6th instant.
A.D. 1843] HISTORY 01' THE CHURCH. 9
Thursday, 7.— I took home the letter written to Har-
risburg* for the Church History, a small fragment of which
only has been preserved, and is as follows: —
Historical Sketch of the Church oj Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Messrs. Editors, — The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
•was founded upon direct revelation, as the true Church of God has ever
been, according to the Scriptures (Amos iii: 7, and Acts i: 2); and
through the will and blessings of G'ody-I have been an instrument in
His hands, thus far, to move forward the cause of Zion: therefore, in
order to fulfill the solicitations of your letter of July last, I shall com-
mence with my life.
[Then follows a brief historical sketch of the Church from the birth
of the Prophet to the settlement of the Saints at Xauvoo, much in the
strain of the "Wenticorth Letter" already published in this History,
(Vol. IV,Ch.xxxi) ; and for the reason that all the historical data in this
I. Daniel Rupp sketch is contained in the TTenticorth Letter, it is
thought unnecessary to reproduce it here, excepting the closing para-
graphs which deal with conditions and prospects at Nauvoo, on the
date at which we have arrived in our History, viz. September, 1S43. —
Editor.]
Xauvoo, upon every point connected with increase and prosperity
has exceeded the most sanguine expectations of thousands. It now
contains near 3,500 houses, and more than 15,000 inhabitants. The
charter contains, among its important powers, privileges or immunities,
a grant for "The University of Nauvoo," with the same liberal powers
of the city, where all the arts and sciences will grow with the growth
and strengthen the strength of this beloved city of the Saints of the
last days.
Another very commendatory provision of the charter is that that
portion of the citizens subject to military duty are organized into a
body of independent military men, styled the '"Nauvoo Legion,"' whose
highest officer holds the rank and is commissioned lieutenant-general.
This Legion, like other independent bodies of troops in this Republican
Government, is at the disposal of the Governor of the state, and
President of the United States. There is also an act of incorporation
for an Agricultural and Manufacturing Association, as well as the
Nauvoo House Association.
Since the organization of this Church, its progress has been rapid,
and its gain in numbers regular. Besides these United States, where
* This was a Brief Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Church
prepared for one I. Daniel Rupp, of Harrisburg, Penn. It was published in 1844, in
a "History of Religious Denominations." p. 409.
10 H1STOKY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
nearly every place of notoriety has heard the glad tidings of the Gospel
of the Son of God, England, Ireland and Scotland have shared largely
in the fullness of the everlasting Gospel, and thousands have already
gathered with their kindred Saints to this the corner stone of Zion.
Missionaries of this Church have gone to the East Indies, to Australia,
Germany, Constantinople, Egypt, Palestine, the islands of the Pacific,
and are now preparing to open the door in the extensive dominions of
Russia.
There is no correct data by which the exact number of members
composing this now extensive and still extending Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints can be known. Should it be supposed at 150,000,*
it might still be short of the truth.
Believing the Bible to say what it means and mean what it says,
and guided by revelation, according to the ancient order of the fathers,
to whom came what little light we enjoy, and circumscribed only by the
eternal limits of truth, this Church must continue the even tenor of its
way.
Called at the office, and administered the laying on of
hands to Sister 'Partington and her two children.
Dreadful conflagration at Stuhlweissenburg, in Hungary.
About six hundred houses destroyed.
Friday, 8. — My wife being sick, I was at home all day.
Stephen Markham started for Dixon with the court
papers in relation to the writ of habeas corpus, and as a
witness.
I directed William Clayton to go to Augusta, Iowa, to
get a deed signed by Mr. Moffit for the steamer Maid of
Iowa.
Muster day of the first cohort.
The Twelve held a meeting in Boylston Hall, Boston.
Present— Elders Heber C. Kimball, Orson Pratt, George
A. Smith, Wilford Woodruff, JohnE. Page.
Saturday, 9.— My wife a little more comfortable. Wil-
liam Clayton went to Augusta, got the deed signed by Mr.
Moffit and his wife, and returned in the evening.
General training of the Nauvoo Legion.
The quorum of the Twelve met the church in Boston,
at Boylston Hall, in conference. Sixteen branches were
represented, containing 878 members. A great deal of
k.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 11
valuable instruction was given by the Twelve, and the
hall, a very large one, was crowded. A number were
baptized during conference, which lasted three days. The
minutes of conference I here insert: —
Important Conference of the Twelve, Held at Boylston Hall, Boston,
September 9, 1S43.
Present of the Quorum of the Twelve— Elders Brigham Young,
Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Orson Hyde, John E.
Page. Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith.
[Reported by Wilford Woodruff.]
Conference opened with prayer by Elder George A. Smith.
After the various branches in the New England States were repre-
sented, Elder P. P. Pratt made a few remarks, of which the following
is a synopsis:
Some Elders tell us that they have taught the gathering according
to the Scriptures. But it is not sufficient to teach the principle from
the Scriptures alone; for if there was no other guide, the people would
be left in doubt as to whether they should gather to Jerusalem, Africa,
America, or elsewhere. It is right to teach the gathering according to
the Scriptures, although some predictions of the Prophets are obscure;
but we are not left to them alone. We know and all the Saints ought
to know that God has appointed a place and time of gathering and has
raised up a Prophet to bring it about, of which we are witnesses. Our
message is that we are witnesses of the fulfillment of the predictions of
the Prophets.
We have not to lay down a long, round-about [system] of arguments
and calculations. The specific time and place are pointed out, the stakes
are driven, the foundations of the city and temple are laid, and a people
already gathered. We therefore know where to go; and to reject the
revelations of God, which have pointed out these things to us, only
brings condemnation. If this is not the case, then our faith is vain, and
our works and hopes are vain also.
We worship a God who can inspire His servants to tell the people
what to do. We have already got the opinions of men enough concerning
the coming of Jesus Christ; but we need the voice of a Prophet in such
a case and we have it. I am willing to risk my all upon it: and if the
Elders understand the principle of gathering, and teach it correctly,
the people will have the correct spirit of the gathering.
It is time we come out and declared boldly and definitely what God
had for the people. We want more than opinions — we want your
works. He has said he would send a Prophet to prepare the way. And
12 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
let me ask these profound sectarians, why He has not done it? If the
angels found a God in heaven able to give instructions, shield them
from sword and famine, &c, why have we not found Him? Let the
teachers bear the message they are entrusted with; and if the people
wish then for Scripture, tell them that their message is in fulfillment of
prophecy; but let them have the whole message.
Elder E. P. Maginn said he for one had taught the gathering ac-
cording to the Scriptures; but he considered all modern revelations
Scripture as well as those given anciently.
Elder Brigham Young addressed the meeting on the subject of our
faith. We hear the Elders represent the feeling of the brethren con-
erning the gathering. This is right. The Spirit of the Lord Jesus
hrist is a gathering spirit. Its tendency is to gather the virtuous and
good, the honest and meek of the earth, and, in fine, the Saints of God.
The time has come when the Lord is determined to fulfill his purposes.
The people are apt to say that if they had lived in the days of Jesus
Christ they would have received His work. But judge ye if the people
are better now than then. They are not. When the full, set time was
come, the Lord came in the flesh to do His work, whether the people
were prepared or not; and He would not have come at all, if He had
waited till the people were prepared to receive Him. It was decreed
from all eternity that He should come, and He came. The people were
not prepared then, nor are they any more prepared now. And now the
full set time has come for the Lord God Almighty to set His hand to
redeem Israel. We are not bound to make the people believe, but we
are bound to preach the Gospel; and having done this, our garments
are clear.
The Lord does not require every soul to leave his home as soon as
He believes. Some may be wanted to go to the isles of the sea, and
some to go north, and some south. But He does require them to hearken
to counsel, and follow that course which He points out, whether to
gather or stay to do some other work.
-^The Spirit of the Lord and H's work are on the alert, and those who
keep up with the work must be on the alert also. The Spirit of the
Lord will leave them who sit down and refuse to obey. When the
Lord says, "Gather yourselves together," why do you ask Him what
for? Had you not rather enjoy the society of Saints than sinners whom
you cannot love? Is it not the principle of the Saints to mingle to-
gether and promote the great cause in which they are engaged?
Perhaps some of you are ready to ask, "Cannot the Lord save us as
well where we are as to gather together?" Yes, if the Lord says so.
But if He commands us to come out and gather together, He will not
save us by staying at home. Have you not received the Gospel? Yes.
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 13
Then do you believe what we say? Have you not received the Holy
Ghost, by receiving the Gospel which we have brought unto you? Yes.
thousands have; and it stands as a testimony that God has got a
Prophet on the earth. You might have been baptized seventy times
seven in any way except the way God had ordained and pointed out,
and you would aot have received the Holy Ghost. This also is a
testimony to you.
Are you engaged with us in this great work? "Yes, certainly," you
answer, "heart and band." "Can we do any good?" Yes, you can.
The sectarian world send the Bible to the nations of the earth. The
poor among them pat sixpence, fifty cents or a dollar into the box to
carry out that obiect; and can the Latter-day Saints do nothing? Let
them do what God requires. He has required that we should build a
house unto His name, that the ordinances and blessings of His kingdom
may be revealed, and that the Elders may be endowed, go forth and
gather together the blood of Ephraim — the people of God, from the
ends of the earth.
Can you get an endowment in Boston or anywhere, except where
God appoints? No, only in that place which God has pointed out. Now,
query— Could Moses have obtained the law if he had stayed in the
midst of the children of Israel, instead of going up on to the mountain?
The Lord said, "Go and do so and so; stand before Pharaoh; pull off
they shoes, for the place is holy.'' Moses obeyed, and obtained
blessings which he would not have received if he had been disobedient.
Has the Lord spoken in these las* days, and required us to build
Him a house? Then why query about it? If He has spoken, it is enough.
I do not care whether the people gather or not, if they don't want to
do so. I do not wish to save the people against their will. I want them
to choose whether they will gather and be saved with the righteous, or
remain with the wicked and be damned. I would like to have all people
bow down to the Lord Jesus Christ; but it is one of the decrees of the
Lord that all persons shall act upon their agency, which was the case
even with the angels who fell from heaven.
Now, will you help us to build the Nauvoo House and Temple? If
so, you will be blessed: if not, we will build it without you. And if
you don't hearken, you will not have the Spirit of the Lord; for the
Spirit of the Lord is on the move.
The Apostles tried to gather the people together in their day.
Christ said He would gather the Jews oft as a hen gathereth her chick-
ens under her wings, but they would not. Neither God nor angels care
whether men hear or forbear: they will carry on their work; for the
full, set time is come for God to set up His kingdom, and we go about
it. We must build a house, and get an endowment, preach the gospel,
14 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. L A.D. 1843
warn the people, gather the Saints, build up Zion, finish our work, and
be prepared for the coming of Christ.
Now, we want to send four missionaries to the Pacific Islands,
and we want a little clothing, and beds, and money to pay their pas-
sage. Can you do something for them? This is not all. We want you
to give all you have io spare towards building the Temple. We shall
be able to build it, if we have to work with a sword in one hand. But
perhaps you are afraid you will not have enough for yourself, when
you get there; yet how easy it is for the Lord to take it away from you
by .fire or otherwise!
Elder Maginn had an ivory can*. I asked him for it, but he declined
making me a present of it. Not long after, he had it stolen from him
in a crowd, and it how does neither of us any good. Perhaps your
purse may slip through your pocket, or you may lose your property; for
the Lord can give and take away. Jacob, with his faith, obtained all
the best cattle his father-in-law had.
If I had a wife and ten children, I would give all my money to
build the Temple and Nauvoo House, and I would trust in God for
their support. Yet I will be richer for it; for God would prosper me
in business. Men are apt to serve God on Sunday, and neglect Him
all the week. Who blesses you and all the people? God. But do
the people acknowledge the hand of God in all these things? No;
they turn away from Him, and do not acknowledge Him, or realize
from whom their blessings flow. They know not who blesses them. It
never comes into their hearts. So with the farmer. The blessings are
constantly flowing to him, and he considers not whence they come.
Let me tell you a secret. When the Lord shakes the earth, and
every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be
made low, He will bring gold for brass, silver for iron, brass for wood,
and iron for stones. Then you will have no use for gold, for money
and gods as you now have. You will not care so much about it;
but the Lord will think as much of it then as now.
But now we want some of the gods of the Gentiles— some of the gold
and silver to build the Temple and Nauvoo House for the accommoda-
tion of the kings, princes and nobles of the earth, when they come to
inquire after the wisdom of Zion, that they may have a place for their
entertainment, and for the weary traveler to be refreshed. Let us have
your gold to take to Nauvoo for this purpose.
Is there wisdom in Zion? We think so, and the world begins to
think so. Let the world come forward and translate the plates that
have of late come forth,* if they have wisdom to do it. The Lord
* Having reference to certain plates known as the "Kinderkook Plates," found
at Kinderhook, Illinois, April, 1843. See this History, Vol. V., pp. 372-378.
A.O. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 15
intends to take away the gods of the Gentiles: He pulleth down and
He buildeth up at His own pleasure.
Sacrifice your gods for the building up of Zion. Administer of
your substance. Send our missionaries to the islands of the seas.'
Don't be afraid of a dollar, or a hundred dollars, or even a thousand
dollars. I would not. I have made a sacrifice of all I possessed a good
many times, I am richer the more I give; for the Lord has promised
and does reward me a hundredfold; and if I sacrifice all for the cause
of God, no good thing will be withheld from me. I have taken this
course to get rich. I have given all I had, and God has given many
blessings in consequence. If I am too bold in asking, be too bold in
giving:. I ask, expecting to receive. Put your shoulders to the
wheel with all your might. Give your all, and become rich by receiv-
ing a hundredfold.
Adjourned until half-past two o'clock, when the meeting was
opened by singing.
Prayer by Elder Parley P. Pratt. Singing.
Elder Parley P. Pratt said: I have a few remarks to make concern-
ing the subject spoken of in the forenoon by Elder Brigham Young,
who said we wanted all your gold, silver, and precious things. We
not only want your all as pertaining to gold, silver, &c, but we want
you, your wives and ch ldren, and all you have to be engaged in the
work of the Lord.
I don't know that I can give you a better pattern of what we want
than the case of Joseph in Egypt. Israelites will get all they can.
They are very great to go ahead. The Egyptians believed in dreams;
and by the peculiar gift of interpretation of dreams, Joseph entered
into a great scheme of speculation. He used the gift of interpretation
to become great in the eyes of the Egyptians. He obtained great polit-
ical influence, came out with gold ornaments, and rode in the king's
chariot in great splendor. He laid up corn in great abundance during
the seven years of plenty; and when the famine came, he got all their
gold, silver, cattle, land, property, and, finally their persons. * * *
God is the origin of power — the Sovereign. He made the people
and the earth, and He has the right to reign. There will be good times
and good government, when the world will acknowledge the God of
heaven as the Lawgiver, and not till then; and if I could live under His
government, I should be thankful, although I am a real Republican in
principle, and would rather live under the voice of the people than the
voice of one man. But it will be for the good and happiness of man
when that government is established, which we pray for when we say,
"Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven;"
and until that time arrives we must pray for it.
16 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A. D 1843
This Joseph in Egypt — the speculator — what a great and good man
he was! I love him, I admire his course, and I believe a little of his
blood is in my veins. But had Joseph been like the religious world at
the present day — had he said he had got religion and done with the
world, he would not have rode the king's horse, worn his robe, or had
to do with gold and silver; and he would have done no good, built no
storehouses, and saved no corn, for fear of speculation.
But he acted differently. And there is an ancient prediction respect-
ing our modern prophet, Joseph — namely, that a prophet and seer
should be raised up, and those who seek to destroy him shall be con-
founded. This has proved true. Upwards of thirty law suits have
been brought against the Lord's anointed, and his persecutors have
as often been confounded. He has been raised and supported according
to the prophecy, to do a work on the earth, and the Lord has been with
him. Every weapon formed against him has been broken. He has
overcome all the lawsuits which have been brought against him, and no
accusation has been sustained against him; yet he will lay a plan to
speculate as large as ancient Joseph did; he will have power to buy up
all the rest of the world.
What Elder Young said is good. We want all he spoke of, and a
great deal more, We do not want it for ourselves, but for you. We
want you to use it; and we have a Prophet who tells how, when and
where to use it. Take your means and unite your exertions in this
work. We want you to take that course which will save you. Build
up a city and temples, and enjoy them, and do as the Lord tells you,
and hearken to counsel.
We have prophets to tell us what to do, and we should get as much
wisdom as the world. If they want a railroad built, all they have to do
is to open books. The people subscribe stock, a railroad is soon built,
and an income is realized. The Saints ought to be as well united as the
world, and do the things that God has required, that a great nation
may be saved from all nations.
The old gentleman [Satan] that rules the nations has ruled long
enough; and if I were an infidel, I would like to have the Lord raise up
a Joseph, or a Daniel, or a Mordecai, or an Esther, to obtain political,
temporal, and spiritual power, and cause a change for the good of the
world. Thank heaven, he has begun to raise them up. He has raised up
another Joseph to do the great work of God, and it will continue on
until the saying goes forth that the Lord has built up Zion.
The kingdom of God must be established, and it will be. I read
that gold, silver, power, thrones, and dominions will be connected
with the great work of God in the last days. Then let us wake up
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 17
to see what God says shall come to pass, and let us enlarge our
hearts and prepare for the great and glorious work.
Do the Saints here in Boston know that they are identified with
the laying of the foundation, and establishiug of a great and mighty
kingdom, which is to include all the great and glorious work to be
fulfilled in the last dispensation and fullness of times? And I prophesy,
in the name of the Lord, that whether the Saints of Boston or
any other place, stand for it or rise against it, numberless millions
will celebrate that day when the foundation of this work was laid.
Elder George A. Smith said: I am pleased with the many remarks
which have been made this day. You can easily see a similarity
between the two Josephs, and Jthe revelations that are given for the
salvation of the present generation. Joseph in Egypt, a savior of
his father's house and the Egyptians: Joseph [Smith] at this day holds
the keys of salvation not only to the Gentiles, but also to the house
of Israel.
I do not know but some may have reflections different from my
own. I will, however, show how the Lord deals with mankind. Some
may say, ''Who can believe that God who dwells in heaven will con-
descend to speak to the people about building Him a house in this day
of religion and science?
This may be considered simple in the eyes of many; but the day
was when the salvation or damnation of the whole world hung upon as
small a circumstance. "Noah, by faith, being warned of God of
things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the sav-
ing of his house, by which he condemned the world, and became heir
of the righteous which is by faith."
Had the editors of this day lived then, I think they would have said
and written more against it than they have against Joseph Smith and
the revelations he has received and published.
We find God was in the habit of telling men to do many simple things,
even to the giving of a law concerning the protection of birds' nests.
You talk about God condescending to speak of small things in the last
days, but it is only as it was in the days of Moses; for we read in the
Bible how God commanded the children of Israel, when they found a
bird's nest, (Deut. xxii: 7) not to take the dam with the young: "But
thou shaltin any wise let the dam go, and take the young' to thee."
Why? "That it may be well with thee, and that thou mayst pro-
long thy days."
We see from this, that however small and simple the commandments
of God appear to be, they are great in their results. Connecting this
with the law of God to Israel concerning the eating of locusts, beetles
and grasshoppers (Leviticus xi: 22). "Even these of them ye may
2 Vol. VI.
18 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. I A. D. 1843
eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and
the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind."
Is this as small business for the Lord to talk about as it is for Him to
command the Saints to build a tavern or boarding house for visitors
who constantly go to Nauvoo, which, when done, will do much good
for the spreading of the work to all nations. What good could arise
from a law of God permitting the eating of beetles and grasshoppers, I
cannot say.
All the prophecies have aimed at the gathering of the people, and
saving them in the last days. But it is better never to have known the
Master's will than to know it and not perform it; and my advice is, If
you cannot take hold of the work and go through the whole course,
stop and go no further. If you have not courage to go on at the
expense of all things, it is better to turn back.
We do not want to deceive you. Our traditions have taught us to be
very religious, to wear long faces, never to tell an amusing story, nor
to laugh, &c. This was the case with the long-faced Christians in
Missouri, and they were the first to strike a dagger to our hearts. It
is better for a man to act out what he is than to be a hypocrite. "Pure
religion and undefiled before God and the Father, is this," says James,
"to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep him-
self unspotted from the world."
I do not like that religion which lies in a man's long face, or his coat
or his hat. If I wear a stiange hat, it is not because of my religion:
for where the religion of a man is in the shape of a hat or coat, it is
not very extensive anywhere else.
Some of the Elders want to appear very big, and to be called great
preachers; but whenever I have seen them trying to preach something
large and mysterious, to get a name, I have concluded they have yet
much to learn. I have been eleven years a member of this Church, and
was a believer two years before I entered it; and during that time I
have seen many Elders who like to preach large and mysterious
sermons.
As many are desirous of hearing mysteries, I will rehearse a short
sermon of mysteries for their edification. Elder Kimball has had a
long standing in the Church. He has preached much, done much good,
brought many souls into the kingdom, had great influence, and is con-
sidered the most successful minister among us.
Elder Amasa Lyman and myself went into Pike county, Illinois, to
preach where the Elders had preached all the mysteries about beasts,
heads and horns. They wanted us to preach mysteries. We told them
we were not qualified to preach mysteries; but if they would send for
Elder Kimball he would preach them. So they sent about forty miles
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 19
for Elder Kimball, and brought him down, they were so anxious to hear
mysteries.
When he came, he had a large congregation assembled. He arose
and remarked that he understood they had sent for him to come and
preach the mysteries to them. "I am well qualified, and fully com-
petent to do it, and am happy to have the privilege. I want the atten-
tion of all." When every mind was stretched and eager to learn these
great mysteries he said, "The first mystery I shall present before you is
this, "Look at Elder Amasa Lyman; he needs a pair of pantaloons and
a new hat. But it appears you do not see it; consequently I want to
open your eyes and reveal to you a great mystery; for an Elder in the
Church has need of a hat and a pair of breeches as well as yourselves,
and especially when the Saints knoiv he is so much in need of them! "
He preached a few more mysteries of the same nature, and the result
of this sermon was that Elder Lyman got a pair of pants and a new
hat, and Elder Kimball and myself each a barrel of flour for our
families.
Elder Brigham Young arose and said: I will make an apology for
my remarks in the former part of the day. Some may think I spoke
very plainly; but the object I had in view was to teach you your duty,
as I am aware the people are not made to feel it; and the apology
I have to make is this: I will turn Thomsonian doctor, and give the
composition without cream and sugar, — it matters not whether I get
friends or foes. If this work does not live, I do not want to live; for
it is my life, my ]oy, my all; and if it sinks, God knows I do noc want
to swim.
I wish you to understand this — that he that gathereth not with us
scattereth, and they have not the Spirit of God. We live in anticipa-
tion of the day when mobs cannot harm us, and they who have tasted
the bitter cup feel to realize this hope. Wake up, ye Elders of Israel
who have sought to build yourselves up, and not the kingdom of God,
and put on your sword. Wake up, ye that have daubed with untemp-
ered mortar! Hearken and hear me; for I say unto you, in the name
of Jesus Christ, that if you do not help us to build the Temple and
the Nauvoo House, you shall not inherit the land of Zion.
If you do not help to build up Zion and the cause of God, and help
me and my brethren on our way when we want to go on the Lord's
business, you shall not partake of the blessings which are laid up in
store for the Saints. Many Elders seek to build themselves up, and
not the work of the Lord. They will say "Put gold rings on my fin-
gers; give m'e what I want;" and they care nothing about the Temple.
This they should not do. I will not allow myself to do so; and when
any one does this, no matter who he may be, even though he was one
20 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
of the Twelve, he will not prosper. Those of the Twelve and others of
the Elders who have apostatized, I have known their hearts and their
breathings. I have known their movements although they thought I did
not know much. But I knew all about them; and when I see men
preaching to build themselves up, and not Zion, I know what it will
end in. But you may say you are young. I don't care if you are.
Are you old enough to know what you are about? If so, preach and
labor for the building up of- the city of Zion; concentrate your means
and influence there, and not scatter abroad. Instead of which, some of
the Elders appear to be dumb and lazy, and care for nothing but
themselves.
Now, ye Elders, will you be faithful? If not, you will not be
chosen, for the day of choosing is at the door. Why be afraid of a
sacrifice? I have given my all many times, and am willing to do it
again. I would be glad to hear the Lord say through His servant
Joseph, "Let my servant Brigham give again all that he has," I would
obey it in a moment, if it took the last coat off my back. »
A hymn was sung.
Elder Kimball arose and said: I get up of necessity to say a few
words. I am unwell, but I feel the importance of this work. I have
been a member of this Church twelve years. I came out of the Bap-
tist church and joined this with all my heart, as I was seeking after
truth. I have passed through everything but death; in fact I have been
brought into situations even worse than death. It has been my lot and
privilege to sacrifice all I possessed from time to time; and we have
come here to call for help to build the Temple and Nauvoo House. I
have spent thirty dollars to get here, and have collected fifteen and
that with much difficulty.
We were commanded of the Lord to come; but it seems as though
but few felt interested in it. Here I see four brethren going as mis-
sionaries to the Sandwich Islands, aod destitute of means to help them-
selves. I could weep for them. I feel interested in this great work-
We are seeking to bring about a work that could never before be per-
formed.
When the time is brought about that we are to receive our inherit-
ances, the more faithful we are, the larger will be our reward. We
have come out to reap, but do we have time to reap new grain? No;
for it takes all our time to try to save that which is already reaped.
We have reapers in the field, and we are trying to save the wheat.
We want to get it on the barn floor, so that we may thrash it. We
have come after it to warn you. You think Elder Young' put the flail
on rather heavy; but it is nothing to be compared with the thrashing
you will get in Zion, and those who have' the hardest heads will, of
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 21
course, have to be thrashed the hardest. But don't be troubled about
the chaff when it conies to the barn, for God will prepare a great win-
nowing mill which will blow all the chaff away, and the wheat will be
found before the mill: then it has to go through the smut machine, then
ground, then put through the bolting machine, and many will bolt in
going through. I speak in parables. I compare the Saints to a good
cow. When you milk her clean, she will always have an abundance of
milk to give; but if you only milk her a little, and don't strip her, she
will soon dry up. So with the Saints: if they do but little in building
up Zion, they soon have but little to do with. This was the case in
Cincinnati.
The night before arriving at Cincinnati, [ had a dream while on the
steamboat. I dreamt that I had a wagon with a rack on it, and an indi-
vidual with me. We were going to a field of wheat of mine that had
been cut, bound and shocked up, in order to haul into the barn. When
we came to the field, I jumped off the wagon, and got over the fence to
examine it, "pulled off the cap sheaf, and behold it was oats. Pulling
the bundles apart, I found there were clusters of rats. On further ex-
amination I found clusters of mice, and the oats were all eaten up.
In my dream I was going to haul in wheat, but to my astonishment it
was oats, and they were all eaten up by the rats and mice.
I thought these rats and mice were the Elders and official members
who had been in and lain on the Church at Cincinnati— lived on the
wheat— eaten it up instead of building up new branches; so that
when the Twelve came along, they could not get anything for the Tem-
ple or Nauvoo House, or hardly a place to stay. The rats had eaten
up the wheat, so we had to go to the world for a home to stay while
we were there.
We do not profess to be polished stones like Elders Almon W.
Babbitt, George J. Adams, James Blakeslee, and Eli P. Maginn, &c,
&c; but we are rough stones out of the monntain; and when we roll
through the forest, and knock the bark from the trees, it does not hurt
us, even if we should get a corner knocked off occasionally; for the
more we roll about, and knock the corners off, the better we are; but
if we were polished and smooth when we get the corners knocked off,
it would deface us.
Joseph Smith never professed to be a dressed, smooth, polished
stone, but to have come rough out of the mountain; and he has been
rolling among the rocks and trees, yet it has not hurt him at all: but
he will be as smooth and polished in the end as any other stone, while
many who were so very polished and smooth in the beginning get badly
defaced and spoiled while they are rolling about.
Elder Parley P. Pratt said-^Sonie are going to Zion, and the rest
22 HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
want to know what they shall do. The Lord, through Jeremiah (iii, 14,15)
says, "I will take you one of a city, and two of a family, and I will
bring you to Zion: and I will give you pastors according to mine heart,
which shall feed you with knowledge and understanding." Inasmuch
as you hearken to counsel, you will know what the will of the Lord
is concerning you in all things. Meet often together to worship God
and to speak to each other of the things of God. Gather as soon as
you can. Come up to the mountain of the Lord's house, and there
learn of these things, that the Scriptures may be fulfilled^
Elder Orson Pratt said — I do not know that I can say an> thing
to impress the subjects which have been spoken upon more fully upon
your minds than has been done. There are some things, however, I
wish to mention. We have learned from what we have heard this
day that great blessings will be given to the faithful when the Temple
is finished. I will speak of some of the consequences that will follow,
if we do not obey.
When the Temple is reared, God will manifest Himself in a peculiar
manner. If we are obedient, He has told us He will make manifest to us
things we are ignorant of. He has said He will reveal things which
pertain to this dispensation that have been hidden and kept secret from
the foundation of the world.
No former age or generation of the world have had the same things
revealed: all other dispensations will be swallowed up in this. He
declares, in His revelations, the consequences of not building the house
unto His name within such a time. The Lord says, If you build the
house in that time, you shall be blessed; but if not, you shall be re-
jected as a church with your dead, saith the Lord. So, if that house is
not built, then in vain are all our cares; our faith and works, our meet-
ings and hopes are vain also; our performances and acts will be void.
The servants of God who are faithful and do their duty will get the
blessing; and we are determined to do our duty, and lay these prin-
ciples before the Saints, so that they may have the privilege of contrib-
uting. We will turn this responsibility upon the heads of the Saints;
then our garments will be clear, and the Lord is able and will be willing
to endow all the faithful in some other place (
This Church, in its infancy, was directed to do a certain work, and
the consequences pointed out. The Lord gave a revelation several
years since to the Church to appoint our wise men, and send up our
moneys by them to buy land: if not, we should not have an inheritance,
but our enemies should be upon us. We went through and told the
Saints these things; but did the churches do as God commanded? No,
they did not. But the revelation was fulfilled, and the enemies of the
Saints came upon them, and drove them from their houses and homes,
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 23
and finally from the State of Missouri. This was in consequence of
their disobeying the commandments of God through His servant
Joseph.
Many suppose they must get direct revelation from God for them-
selves. Not so. He has a prophet, and he says the Church shall give
heed to the words of the Prophet, as he is to hold the keys of the king-
dom of God in this life and in the world to come. Then it is of much
consequence that you give heed to his word.
Says one, Suppose we are not satisfied that this is the work of God?
You can ask God if the work is true, and He will give* you a- testimony.
You can put every confidence in the Book of Mormon and in Joseph,
the Prophet; and if you are not satisfied, go to God. I doubt in my
own mind if men can stand what they will have to pass through,,
unless they do get a witnes for themselves; and I pray you to give heed
to the words which the Twelve have taught you, and ask God to
help you.
The conference was adjourned until ten o'clock tomorrow morning-
Sunday, 10th. Conference met according to adjournment.
Meeting was opened by singing, and prayer by Elder Maginn; after
which Elder Wilford Woodruff addressed the assembly from Amos iii : 7 —
"Surely the Lord God will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto
his servants the prophets'?" According to the testimony of the Scrip-
tures in all ages of the world, whenever God was about to bring a
judgment upon the world or accomplish any great work, the first thing
he did was to raise up a Prophet, and reveal unto him the secret, and
send him to warn the people, so that they may be left without excuse.
This was the case in the days of Noah and Lot. God was about to
bring judgments upon the people, and he raised up those Prophets who
warned the people of it: yet they gave no heed to them, but rejected
their testimony; and the judgments came upon the people, so that they
were destroyed, while the Prophets were saved by pursuing the course
marked out by the Lord.
Jesus Christ testified to the Jews of the things that awaited them as
a nation, the fall of Jerusalem, and their dispersion among the Gentile
world; but they did not believe it. Yet the secret of all these things
was revealed to the Prophets and Apostles. They believed it, and looked
for its fulfillment; and it came to pass as it was predicted, though
contrary to the expectation of the Jewish nation.
In like manner do we look for the certain fulfillment of those tre-
mendous events upon the heads of the Gentile world which have been
spoken of and pointed out by all the holy Prophets and Apostles since
the world began, they having spoken as they were moved upon by the
power of God and the gift of the Holy Ghost, events which more deeply
24 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH f A.D. 1843
concern the Gentile world than the overthrow of Jerusalem and the
dispersion of the Jews did the Jewish nation; for while they stumbled
at the stone they were broken; but when it falls upon the heads of the
Gentile world, it will grind them to powder.
The full set time is come for the Lord to set His hand to accomplish
these mighty events; and as He has done in other ages, so has He done
now — He has raised up a Prophet, and is revealing unto him His secrets.
Through that Prophet He has brought to light the fullness of the ever-
lasting Gospel to the present generation, and is again once more for
the last time establishing His Church upon the foundation of the ancient
Apostles and Prophets, which is revelation, Jesus Christ being the chief
corner stone.
In the Church is now found judges as at the first, and counselors
as at the beginning; also Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, Pastors, and
Teachers, with gifts and graces, for the perfecting of the Saints, the
work of the ministry, and the edifying of the body of Christ.
The Lord has raised up His servants, and sent them into the vine-
yard to prune it once more for the last time, to preach the Gospel of
Jesus Christ, and to warn the nations, that they may be left without
excuse in the day of their visitation; also to gather the honest in heart
and the meek of the earth, that Zion may be built up, and the sayings
of the Prophets fulfilled.
One of the secrets that God has revealed unto his Prophet in these
days is the Book of Mormon ; and it was a secret to the whole world
until it was revealed unto Joseph Smith, whom God has raised up as a
Prophet, Seer, and Revelator unto His people. This record contains an
account of the ancient inhabitants of this continent and of the cities
with which they overspread this land from sea to sea, the ruins of
which still remain as standing monuments of the arts, science, power,
and greatness of their founders. It also points out the establishing of
this our own nation, with the conditions for its progress, and those pre-
dictions contained in the Book of Mormon — the stick of Joseph in the
hand of Ephraim, will as truly be fulfilled as those contained in the
Bible — the stick and record of Judah; and both these sticks or records
contain prophecies of great import concerning the Gentile nations, and
especially this land and nation, which are not yet fulfilled, but must
shortly eotne to pass: yea, their fulfillment is nigh, even at the doors.
Though the secrets which God is revealing through His servant the
Prophet in these last days may be unpopular and unbelieved in by the
world, yet their unbelief will not make the truth of God of none effect,
any more than it did in the days of Lot and Noah, or at the fall of
Jerusalem.
When Jesus Christ said there should not be left one stone upon
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 25
another in the temple that should not be thrown down, the Jewish
nation did not believe it, neither would they receive such testimony;
but they looked at outward circumstances, and were ready to say,
"Who can prevail against us? What nation like unto our nation? We
have held the giving of the law, the oracles, and the Urirn and Thum-
mim; the lawgiver has never departed from between our feet; we have
held the power of government from generation to generation; and what
nation hath power now to prevail against us?'',
Through this order of reasoning they were blinded, and knew not
the day of their visitation : they understood not the things that belonged
to their peace; they rejected their Lord and King, contended against
the word and testimony, aud finally put Him to death on the cross, with
many who followed Him. But this did not hinder the fulfillment of His
predictions concerning that nation. The words of the Lord had gone
forth out of His mouth, and could not return unto Him void. The
things that belonged to their peace were hid from their eyes, and they
were counted unworthy as a nation. The kingdoin was to be rent out
of their hands and given to another; the die was cast, and judgment
must come.
Jerusalem was soon surrounded by the Eoman army, led on by the
inspired Titus; and a scene of calamity, judgment, and woe immediately
overspread the inhabitants of that city, which was devoted to destruct-
ion, — such a calamity as never before rested upon the nation of Israel.
Blood flowed through their streets; tens of thousands fell by the edge of
the sword, and thousands by famine. Women were evil towards the
children of their own bosoms in the straitness of the siege, the spectacle
of which shocked the Roman soldiers as they entered the city. The
Jews were crucified in such numbers by their enemies that they could
find no more wood for crosses, or room for their bodies; and while
despair was in every face, and every heart sinking while suffering
under the chastening hand of God, their enemies rushed upon them in
the city to strike the last fatal blow; and, as their last resort, they
rushed for safety into the temple, which was soon on fire, and they sank
in the midst of the flames with the cry of their sufferings ascending up
on high, accompanied by the smoke of the crackling spires and towers.
The remaining population were sold as slaves, and driven like the
dumb ass under his burthen, and scattered, as corn is sifted in a sieve,
throughout the Gentile world. Jerusalem was razed from its founda-
tions, the ruins of the temple thrown down, and the foundation thereof
ploughed up, that not one stone was left upon another. Christ said that
Jerusalem should be trodden down of the Gentiles until the times of
the Gentiles be fulfilled, which has been the case to the very letter
until the present generation.
26 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 184S
Will not God in like manner as truly and faithfully bring to pass
those great, important and tremendous events upon the heads of
the Gentile world which have been proclaimed by the Prophets
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and many other holy Prophets;
also by Christ and the Apostles on the continent of Asia, as well as by
Lehi, Nephi, Alma, Moroni, and others on this continent— all of whom
have proclaimed these things as they were moved upon by the Spirit of
inspiration, the power of God, and the gift of the Holy Ghost?
The Apostle says that "No prophecy of the Scripture is of any
private interpretation, for the prophecy came not of old time by the
will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the
Holy Ghost."
Isaiah's soul seemed to be on fire, and his mind wrapt in the visions
of the Almighty, while he declared, in the name of the Lord, that it
should come to pass in the last days that God should set His hand again
the second time to recover the remnant of His people, assemble the
outcasts of Israel, gather together the dispersed of Judah, destroy the
tongue of the Egyptian sea and make men go over dry-shod, gather
them to Jerusalem on horses, mules, swift beasts, and in chariots, and
rebuild Jerusalem upon her own heaps; while, at the same time, the
destroyer of the Gentiles will be on his way; and while God was turning
the captivity of Israel, he would put all their curses and afflictions upon
the heads of the Gentiles, their enemies, who had not sought to recover,
but to destroy them, and had trodden them uuder foot from generation
to generation.
At the same time the standard should be lifted up, that the honest in
heart, the meek of the earth among the Gentiles, should seek unto it;
and that Zion should be redeemed and be built up a holy city, that the
glory and power of God should rest upon her, and be seen upon her;
that the watchman upon Mount Ephraim might cry — "Arise ye, and let
us go up unto Zion, the city of the Lord our God; " that the Gentiles
might come to her light, and kings to the brightness of her rising; that
the Saints of God may have a place to flee to and stand in holy places
while judgment works in the earth; that when the sword of God that is
bathed in heaven falls upon Idumea, or the world, — when the Lord
pleads with all flesh by sword and by fire, and the slain of the Lord are
many, the Saints may escape these calamities by fleeing to the places of
refuge, like Lot and Noah.
Isaiah, in his 24th chapter, gives something of an account of the
calamities and judgments which shall come upon the heads of the Gen-
tile nations, and this because they have transgressed the laws, changed
the ordinance, and broken the everlasting covenant. The Apostle Paul
says to his Roman brethren, that if the Gentiles do not continue in the
A.D. 1843| HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 27
goodnes of God, they, like the house of Israel, should be cutoff. Though
Babylon says, "I sit as a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no
sorrow," the Revelator says, "Therefore shall her plagues come in one
day, death and mourning and famine; and she shall be utterly burned
with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her."
Jesus communicated the parable of the fig-tree, which in putting
forth its leaves betokens the approach of summer; and so likewise,
when we see the signs in the sun, moon, and stars, and in the heavens
and the earth of which He spoke, we might know that His coming is
near — that the generation in which those signs appeared should not pass
away till all should be fulfilled.
These things are about to come to pass upon the heads of the present
generation, notwithstanding they are not looking for it, neither do they
believe it. Yet their unbelief will not make the truth of God of none
effect. The signs are appearing in the heavens and on the earth, and
all things indicate the fulfillment of the Prophets. The fig-tree is
leafing, summer is nigh, and the Lord has sent his angels to lay the
foundation of this great and important work.
Then why should not God reveal His secrets unto His servants the
Prophets, that the Saints might be led in paths of safety, and escape
those evils which are about to engulf a whole generation in ruin?
Monday, 11. Conference met at Boylston Hall at nine o'clock,
a. m. Present of the quorum of the Twelve, Elders Brigham Young,
Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John E. Page, Wilford Woodruff, George
A. Smith, Heber C. Kimball, and Orson Hyde.
Opened with prayer by Elder Page.
Elder Brigham Young stated the object of the meeting. The first
item of business is tMfe spread of the Gospel of salvation. 1 want to
state what devolves upon the Twelve. Nine years ago a revelation was
given which was fulfilled in 1835; and when fulfilled, the Prophet
lifted up his head and rejoiced before the Lord. Previously, the res-
ponsibility of spreading the Gospel rested on him; now it is on the
Twelve. This is ihe relation we hold between the living and the dead —
to direct how you may escape.
Last winter we were directed to send men to the nations of the earth.
Elder Addison Pratt had been to the Sandwich Islands, and proffered
his services. We have power to ordain them, and call upon the Church
to assist in sending them. Here are four men willing to go, and we do
not wish them to cease trying, unless it be to die trying. One of them
is ill. If he stays, he will die. I would go, or die trying.
We call on the churches to fit out these men with necessaries. Elder
Eli P. Maginn and Elder Philip B. Lewis we call on to fit them out. If
28 HISTORY OF THE CBURCH. [A.D. 1843
Elder Lewis does not, Maginn will do it himself. This takes the res-
ponsibility from us.
If the Saints will not help, the curse of God will rest upon them. If
the Temple at Nauvoo is not built, we will receive our endowments, if
we have to go into the wilderness and build an altar of stone. If a man
gives his all, it is all God requires. Brother Kimball has received one
dollar since he came to Boston, and seventeen dollars and a half before,
towards building the Temple. A book is kept of all sums given. This
book will also be opened. All is recorded. I have received twenty-
three dollars, and I have spent about forty-five or fifty dollars. I am
rich, and expect to be so throughout all eternity, with the help of God
and my brethren. I can get home, if I can sell land. Some of the
Twelve are more destitute ; but they are the best set of boys you ever saw.
During the persecution in Missouri, when the mob came against Far
West, Elder Kimball stood near me in one of the companies; and every
time they formed, he rammed down another ball into his old musket,
until be got five balls in. We are a good-feeling set of men, because
of the Spirit which is in us. What produces it? The impulse of the
heart. We should feel the same on the desert of Arabia, or on the is-
lands of the sea; we feel happy wherever we are. When we ask for
victuals, and get turned away, as we often have been, we feel just
as well.
The Spirit which is in me prompts me to look forward to something
better. We have a prospect of selling shares of the Nauvoo House, and
of obtaining subscriptions for the Temple, and we feel better.
Here are twelwe men, and I defy all creation to bring a charge of
dishonesty against them. We had to give security for the faithful per-
formance of our duty as agents for the Nauvoo House and Temple.
This has been heretofore unheard of in the Church. I glory in it. The
financial affairs of the Church rest on our shoulders, and God is going
to whip us into it. When men are in future called to do like Brigham,
I will be one to bind them: this is a precedent. We are the only legally
authorized agents of the Church to manage affairs, give counsel to emi-
grants how to dispose of goods, &c.
Some men come into this Church through designing purposes. Mr.
Cowen,who lives about 30 miles above Nauvoo, wanted Brother Joseph
to make a settlement at Shoquokon. Several of the brethren went there
and preached, and some families moved up with the intention of set-
tling. Mr. Cowen was all love— a charming fellow, and calculated to
magnetize. He is now in the Eastern country, and going amongst the
brethren. He gives one a kiss, and says he, "I am not a Mormon, but
expect to be : Brother Joseph and myself are confidential friends. Can't
you lend me five hundred dollars? I have got land, and I will give you
A.D. 1843J HISTORY OF 1HE CHURCH. 29
a mortgage." At the same time, be knew quite well that his land was
in a perfect swamp, and that the place was not fit for a settlement.
Even the captains of steamers could with difficulty be persuaded upon
to call there, either on account of goods or passengers. His name is
John F. Cowen, and he stands five feet six inches high. There are others.
I would ask the Latter-day Saints, Do you know your benefactors?
Do you know the source from whence you derive your knowledge?
Take in the publications and periodicals of the Church. They give you
intelligence of all matters pertaining to this dispensation with revela-
tions for the guidance of the Church.
I know that men who go through the world with the truth have not
much influence; but let them come with silk velvet lips and sophistry,
and they will have an influence. It is your privilege to be discerners
of spirits. If you don't know me or the Twelve, walk with us fifty
years, and perhaps you will know us then; and if such a man as Cowen
comes along, will you trust him or me? No power can hide the heart
from the discerning eye. If we are ignorant, what knowledge have the
rest of the people? I sit down with all my ignorance, and read people's
hearts as I see their faces, and they can't help themselves.
No one has ever stepped aside but I have known it. I know the
result of their actions, and they cannot help themselves. If you find
out my heart, you are welcome to it. If any of the Twelve take a
wrong path, or a course by themselves, I know the path, and know the
end of it. They are soon in the ditch, crying for help. I sit down and
let others run. I strike with a crooked stick to hit the whole.
Now, the Twelve must be helped home, and there must be some-
thing for the Temple and the Nauvoo House. We have got a plot of
the city of Nauvoo for lithographing. If any wish to advance the money
to lithograph, and have a few thousands struck off, they shall be paid
till they are satisfied. There was not wealth enough in New York and
the regions round about. [He here exhibited the map of Nauvoo.] He
concluded with a few remarks relative to the circumstances of Elder
Hyde, who had just returned from his mission to Jerusalem.
Elder Parley P. Pratt spoke as follows: — In the middle of last
April I arrived at Nauvoo houseless and with a large family. Brother
Joseph said to me, "Brother Parley, stay at home and build a house."
I was behindhand in instructions and information, while others had
been at home learning the great things of God. I have now come East
principally on business, though I always have a mission, wherever I
am. I speak for my brethren: they have an absolute claim; it belongs
to them, and they want it. It is justly theirs. I ask for nothing for
myself.
Elder Heber C. Kimball said, I suppose .you all understand what
30 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 184a
Elder Young has said, and I consider his counsel good. He is my su-
perior and my head in the council of the Twelve. If I go astray, it will
be through ignorance. We must be subject to the powers that be; and
there are no powers but what are ordaiDed of God; and if we reject their
counsel, we shall be damned. Some of our finest-looking and smartest
men have fallen.
I consider those trees in the forest which have the largest and
highest tops are in the greatest danger: they are blown down; and
there is no way of restoring them but to cut them off. Let the stump go
back, and new sprouts come out. Those who have most responsibility
are in most danger. We must be careful how we treat God's officers.
No man ever fell, unless it was through rejecting counsel. I as
well as my brethren see this. My superior knows more than I,because he
is nearer the fountain. To get knowledge, begin at the foot of the
stream, and drink all up till you get to the fountain, and then you get
all the knowledge.
It is necessary for the people here to obey counsel. God has sent
me forth, through his servants, to take my part in this great work, and
the work is true. I know there are but few in this Church who will be
able to walk in this narrow path. We must keep the celestial law in the
flesh. The more simple we teach, the better for us.
It is a wrong idea of Elders whipping sects. Try and win the people;
salt both sheep and shepherd too; get them up so that they will lick the
salt out of your hands. [An infidel here handed money to Brother
Kimball, who prophesied that he would be a Saint and an Elder, and all
his family should be Saints.] Give them good salt, gain the affections
of the shepherd, and the whole flook will come. Now, we get sheep up
to lick; and when the old shepherd of the sheep comes up to lick salt,
the Elders will hit him over the head with a cane. Their religion is as
dear to them as ours to us. Don't feed too much salt at once, but give a
little at a time, or they are cloyed.
Elders of Israel, be wise! Give short discourses, as long ones cloy
your hearers, who will say, "A good discourse, but I got tired."
Never infringe on the right of other people, and never tear down
other people's houses until you have built a better. We are sent to
preach repentance, and let people alone. How do you like to go into
other Churches and hear them abuse us? Do as you would be done by.
Persuade men, and not compel them, unless the time spoken of by the
Savior comes, when the Lord shall say unto His servants "Go out into
the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house
may be filled." (Luke 14 ch., 23 v.) Let men be humble, kind and
affectionate.
A.D. 18431 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 31
CHAPTER II.
MOVEMENTS OF APOSTLES IN THE EAST — THE NAUVOO MAN-
SION — ROCKWELL ACQUITTED — SPECIAL CONFERENCE AT
NAUVOO — DISCOURSE OF THE PROPHET ON THE DEMISE
OF JAMES ADAMS.
Sunday, September 10, 1843. — Cold, and considerable rain.
Kindled a fire in the office for the first time this The Drought
fall. This is the first rain of any consequence of 1843
since the first of June. There have been occasional — say
three or four slight showers, but not enough to wet the
potatoe hills, and the vegetables in the gardens have gen-
erally stopped growing, on account of the drougth. Even
corn is seriously in juied, — much of it by a worm in the
ear. Early potatoes are scarcely worth digging.
Monday, 11. — Early in the morning a petition was pre-
sented to me, as Lieut. -General, to devise means to get
the public arms of the State for the Legion ; whereupon I
appointed William W. Phelps, Henry Miller, and Hosea
Stout a committee to wait on Governor Ford on the
subject.
Election for probate justice; weather cold; people cold.
Greenleaf received most of the votes in Nauvoo — say
seven hundred votes.
Six, p. m., I met with my Brother Hyrum, William
Law, Newel K. Whitney, and Willard Richards in my
private room, where we had a season of prayer for Brother
Law's little daughter, who was sick, and Emma, who was
somewhat better.
Tuesday, 12. — Rainy day.
32 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. TA.D. 1843
Elder Woodruff left Boston for Portland by railroad and
woodruff in a while passing through Chester woods, the en-
Tram wreck. gj ne wag thrown off the tracks, and with the
baggage cars smashed to pieces. Several of the passen-
ger cars mounted the ruins, but none of the passengers
were injured, except two very slightly. The engineer,
however, was killed instantaneously. Elder Woodruff,
with most of the passengers, remained all night in the
woods, and found it very cold.
Wednesday, 13.— I attended a lecture at the Grove, by
Mr. John Finch, a Socialist, from England, and said a
few words in reply.
The following article appears [this day] in the Neigh-
bor, copied from The New Haven, Conn., Herald:—
NAUVOO AND JOSEPH SMITH.
A gentleman of this town, (New Haven, Conn,) of undoubted
veracity, who has lately spent several weeks at Nauvoo and among the
Mormons, informs us that the general impression abroad in regard to
that place and people is very erroneous. During his residence there
he became quite familiar with their manners, principles, and habits,
and says there is not a more industrious, moral, and well-ordered town
in the country. Society is as much diversified there as it is here, the
Mormons constituting about two-thirds of the population, while all relig-
ious sects are as freely tolerated as in any other part of the State. He was
at the late trial and acquittal of Joseph Smith, and says that the charges
against him were of the most frivolous and unsubstantial nature. He
[Jcseph Smith] is an agreeable man in conversation^ respected by those
who know him, and is 'as much sinned against as sinning.' He only
claims the privilege of excercising and enjoying his own religion,— a
privilege which he and his followers cheerfully award to others. They
inyite immigrants to come among them, and receive those who design
to enter into the Mormon community with great attention and kindness.
Houses are prepared for tbeir reception, to which they are conducted
on their arrival by a committee appointed for that purpose, whose next
business is to attend to their immediate wants and see them comfortably
situated. Education is by no means neglected, proper schools and
teachers being provided, and temperance reigns throughout. It has
now about 15,000 to 18,000 inhabitants, and promises to become a place
of extensive business, four or five steamboats stopping there every day.
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 33
The gentleman remarked to us that he wished he could speak as well of
his own native town as he could of Nauvoo. This is news to us, as no
doubt it will be to many; but no one who knows him can doubt the in-
tegrity of our informant.
Thursday, 14. — I attended a second lecture on Socialism,
by Mr. Finch; and after he got through, I The Prophet
made a few remarks, alluding to Sidney Rig- on Socialism -
don and Alexander Campbell getting up a community at
Kirtland, and of the big fish there eating up all the little
fish. I said I did not believe the doctrine.^>
Mr. Finch replied in a few minutes, and said — "I am the
voice of one crying in the wilderness. I am the spiritual
Prophet — Mr. Smith the temporal."
^^Elder John Taylor replied to the lecture at some length.
n^ Friday, 15. — I put up a sign,
"Nauvoo Mansion."
In consequence of my house being constantly crowded with
strangers and other persons wishing to see me,
or who had business in the city, I found myself flanS!?"
unable to support so much company free of MadeaHoteL
charge, which I have done from the foundation of the
Church. My house has been a home and resting-place for
thousands, and my family many times obliged to do with-
out food, after having fed all they had to visitors ; and I
could have continued the same liberal course, had it not
been for the cruel and untiring persecution of my relentless
enemies. I have been reduced to the necessity of opening
"The Mansion" as a hotel. I have provided the best
table accommodations in the city; and the Mansion, being
large and convenient, renders travelers more comfortable
than any other place on the Upper Mississippi. I have
erected a large and commodious brick stable, and it is
capable of accommodating seventy-five horses at one time,
and storing the requisite amount of forage, and is unsur-
passed by any similar establishment in the State .V
There was an officers' drill in Nauvoo.
3 Vol. VI.
34 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. LA.D. 1843
Rhoda Ann, daughter of Willard and Jenetta Richards,
was born at fifteen minutes to three, p. m., in Nauvoo.
Saturday, 16. — General parade of the Nauvoo Legion
' . , near my farm. Went in company with my staff
Legion Parade J a «/ ./
and inspec- to the muster, was met by an escort, and ar-
rived before the Legion about noon. I was
received and saluted with military honors. The Legion
was dismissed at about one, p. m., for two hours, and I
rode home to dinner. I returned about twenty minutes
after three, attended the review, and with my staff in-
spected the Legion; after which, I took my post and gave
orders.
After the inspection, I made a speech to the Legion on
their increasing prosperity, and requested the officers to
increase the Legion in numbers.
I was highly gratified with the officers and soldiers, and
I felt extremely well myself.
About sundown the Legion was dismissed. I rode home
with my staff, highly delighted with the day's perform-
ance, and well paid for my services.
Sunday, 17. — I was at meeting; and while Elder Almon
W. Babbitt was preaching, I took my post as Mayor out-
side the assembly to keep order and set an example to the
other officers.
After preaching, I gave some instructions about order
in the congregation, men among women, and women
among men, horses in the assembly, and men and boys
on the stand who do not belong there, &c.
In the evening Mr. Blodgett, a Unitarian minister,
preached. I was gratified with his sermon in general, but
differed in opinion on some points, on which I freely ex-
pressed myself to his great satisfaction, — viz., on perse-
cution making the work spread, like rooting up a flower-
garden or kicking back the sun !
Monday, 18. — I received a letter from Governor Ford
as follows: —
AD. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 35
Letter of Governor Ford to the Prophet.
Springfield, September 13, 1843.
Dear Sir, — In answer to your letter, I have the honor to reply,
that I will consider it my duty to prevent the invasion of this State, if
in my power, by any persons elsewhere for any hostile purposes what-
ever.
From information in my possession, I am of opinion that there is
but little danger of any such invasion. It is altogether more likely that
some other mode of annoyance will be adopted. My enemies here, I
think, are endeavoring to put something of the kind on foot.
I am, most respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
Thomas Ford.
I attended a council at my old house.
A conference was held at Preston, Halifax County,
Nova Scotia. 1 Elder, 1 Teacher, 1 Deacon, conference in
and 14 members were represented. Robert Nova Scotla -
Dixon, president; J. Jermen, clerk.
David Greenleaf was elected probate judge for the
county of Hancock, by a majority of 598 votes.
Tuesday, 19. — I directed Brother Phelps to answer the
letter recently received from the Governor, and to enclose
a copy of the resolutions passed at the meeting of the
mobocracy at Carthage; which he did.
Wrote a letter to J. B. Backenstos.
A portion of the Twelve were present at a general
muster of the independent companies of Boston. Saw a
sham battle, in which thirty-five brass cannon were dis-
charged seven times. One party was commanded by the
Governor of Mass., and the other by the officer next in
rank.
Wednesday, 20. — Visited my farm, accompanied bv my
Brother Hyruni.
The Neighbor has the following: —
PORTER ROCKWELL.
A few short months ago, it was heralded through this State that
Porter Rockwell was the individual who attempted to murder ex-Gov-
ernor Boggs, of Missouri. It was confidently stated that Joseph Smith
36 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
was accessory before the fact. The thing was swallowed as a precious
morsel by the enemies of Mormonism. It was iterated and reiterated by
the public journals, and the general expression of a certain class was
that Mr. Smith ought to be hung; there was no doubt of his guilt; he
was one of the most inhuman, diabolical, dangerous, and malignant
persons in the universe; and when a requisition was made for him by
the Governor of Missouri, it was considered worse than "arson" or
"treason" that he should be acquitted by the legal authorities of this
State, under habeas corpus; and afterwards, when Porter Rockwell
was taken, it was exultingly stated that they had got the scoundrel, and
that he would now receive the due demerit of his crime. How stands
the matter when it is investigated — investigated by a Missouri court?
The following will show: —
The last Independence Expositor says: — "Orin Porter Rockwell, the
Mormon confined in our county jail, some time since, for the attempted
assassination of ex-Governor Boggs, was indicted by our last grand
jury for escaping from our county jail some time since, and sent to
Cla*y county for trial. Owing, however, to some informality in the
proceedings, he was remanded to this county again for trial. There
was not sufficient proof adduced against him to predicate an indictment
for shooting ex-Govornor Boggs, and the grand jury therefore did not
indict him for that offense." — [St. Louis New Era.~\
It appears, then, after all the bluster, the hue-and-cry about Mormon
outrages, Mormon intrigue, "blood," "arson," and "murder," that
"there was not sufficient proof adduced against him to predicate an in-
dictment for shooting ex-Governor Boggs, and the grand jury therefore
did not indict him for that offense." This speaks for itself: it needs no
comment. We are glad, for the sake of suffering innocence, that Mr.
Rockwell stands clear in the eyes of the law. Thus it seeme that after
exerting all their malice and hellish rage to implicate the innocent, they
can find no proof against him. But yet he must be again incarcerated,
without proof, for another hearing. This is Missouri justice. If he was
guilty of breaking jail, why not try and punish him for that before that
court? Where is the necessity of remanding him to another county for
another hearing? It is evident that they wish to immolate him, and, by
offering him as a sacrifice, glut their thirst for innocent blood.
I answered Governor Ford's letter received on the 18th.
Elder Brigham Young instructed Elder Addison Pratt
pacific island to go and engage a passage for himself and
Mission. Elders Noah Eogers, Knowlton F. Hanks, and
B. F. Grouard, as missionaries to the Pacific Islands,
A.D. 1843.] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 37
although they had not one-tenth of the means on hand to
pay their passage.
In the evening, Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kim-
ball, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith,
and John E. Page visited Mr. 0. S. Fowler, the phrenol-
ogist, who examined their heads and gave their phreno-
logical charts.
Thursday, 21. — Made affidavit with Willard Richards
and William Clayton to Auditor of State V.Walter Bagby.
About eleven, a. m., called with my Brother Samuel H.
to see about getting a copy of his blessing, and wished
Doctor Eichards much joy in his new daughter.
About noon, went on board the Maid of Iowa, with
William Clayton, clerk of the boat.
One, p. m., the thermometer stood at 100 dsg. in the
shade.
Friday, 22. — The Twelve visited the Navy Yard and
Harbor of Boston, the Mississippi steamship, the rope-
walk, the Bunker-hill monument, the State-house, and
the State's prison. In the evening they addressed the
Saints in Boylston Hall.
Elder Addison Pratt, accompanied by Elder Philip B.
Lewis engaged a passage to the Society Islands at $100
each for himself, Noah Rogers, Knowlton F. Hanks, and
B. F. Grouard.
Saturday. 23. — Elder Stephen Markham returned from
Dixon, the trial of Reynolds and Wilson being postponed
till May next.
Bishop George Miller returned from the Pinery. He
reports the water in Black River so low that Rep ort from
they could not get their raft into the Missis- the Pinej T-
sippi.
I had an interview with Elder Orson Spencer, from
whom I borrowed $75 for the Temple.
Sunday, 24. — I preached on the stand about one hour
on the 2nd chapter of Acts, designing to show stewardship /
the folly of common stock. In Nauvoo every mo^Stock.
38 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. L A D. 1843
one is steward over his own. After preaching, I called
upon the brethren to draw stone for the Temple,
and gave notice for a special conference for the 6th of
October next. Adjourned the meeting about one, p. in.,
on account of the prospect of rain. Judge McBride and
a lawyer from Missouri were present at the meeting.
Monday, 25. — Wet day. At home. Held a conver-
sation with the Missouri lawyer.
Tuesday, 26. — Held Mayor's Court, and tried the case
of "Dana v. Leeches." No cause of action. Called at the
store about six, p. m., and directed the clerk to issue
papers in the case of "Medagh v. Hovey."
Wednesday , 27. — The Neighbor of this date has the
following editorial : -
CONCERNING HORSE THIEVES.
We find that the Quincy Whig has some very righteous remarks to
make concerning the Mormons, emanating from the purest principles of
patriotism. (?) The editor has had some ''''private conversation" with
some individual or individuals about certain charges brought against
the Mormons, particulary that of screening horse thieves.
We think that the Whig has not done itself much credit in advocating
the principles contained in those resolutions. We leave that, however,
for a discerning public to judge.
Concerning the horse thieves, however, the informant of the Whig
would have shown himself a better friend to society to have given in-
formation to the proper authorities, and had these pests of society
brought to condign punishment. And the editor of that paper would
have proved himself more patriotic by telling us who these people are
that are screened in our midst, than dealing thus in generals and stab-
bing in the dark.
Come, Mr. Whig, out with it, and let us know who it is that is found
transgressing. Who knows but that, far fallen as we are, there yet may
be virtue enough left to prosecute a horse thief! We have tried this
more than once, and prosecuted them as far as Carthage; but no sooner
do they arrive in the jail there than we lose all track of them. The lock
of the door is so slippery, that it lets them all out. We presume, how-
ever, that it is on account of the honesty of the people. (?) We are
pleased to find that the Whig is in the secret'
Mr. Ivins, of this city, had a horse stolen last week, and we fre-
quently have occurrences of the kind. Will the editor of that paper be
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 39
so kind as to ask his informant who the thieves are, and where they
live, and give us the desired information? and we shall esteem it a
peculiar tavor.
I was at home all day, and gave Brother Phelps the priv-
ilege of occupying the small house near the store.
Thursday, 28.— At half-past eleven, a. m., a council
convened over the store, consisting of myself,
tt i t i oi j_i xt i Meeting o* a
mv brother Hyrum, Uncle John bmitn, Newel special
K. Whitney, George Miller, Willard Richards, CounciL
John Taylor, Amasa Lymau, John M. Bernhisel, and
Lucien Wood worth; and at seven in the evening we met
in the front upper room of the Mansion, with William Law
and William Marks. By the common consent and unani-
mous voice of the council, I was chosen president of the
special council.
The president led in prayer that his days might be pro-
longed until his mission on the earth is accomplished,
have dominion over his enemies, all their households be
blessed, and all the Church and the world.
Friday, 29. — Elder Brigham Young started from Boston
for Nauvoo. The Twelve were now scattered amoug the
branches in the Eastern States.
Saturday, 30.— Rainy, and strong west wind.
Elders Young and Woodruff stayed at Elder Foster's,
in New York.
Sunday, October 1, 1843.— -I copy the following from the
Times and Seasons of this date : —
WHO SHALL BE OUR NEXT PRESIDENT?
This question we frequently hear asked, and it is a question of no
small importance to the Latter-day Saints.
We, as a people, have labored and are still laboring under great in-
justice from the hands of a neighboring state. The Latter-day Saints have
had their property destroyed, and their houses made desolate by the
hands of the Missourians; murders have been committed with impunity,
and many, in consequence of oppression, barbarism, and cruelty, have
slept the sleep of death. They [the Saints] have been obliged to flee from
their possessions into a distant land, in the chilling frosts of winter,
robbed, spoiled, desolate, houseless, and homeless, without any just pre-
40 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. (A.D. 1843
text or shadow of law, without having violated the laws of that state, or
the United States; and have had to wander as exiles in a strange land,
without as yet being able to obtain any redress for their grievances.
We have hitherto adopted every legal measure. First, we petitioned
the State of Missouri, but in vain. We have memorialized Congress,
but they have turned a deaf ear to our supplication, and referred us
again to the State and justice of Missouri. Doubtless many of the
members of that honorable body were not sufficiently informed of the
enormity and extent of the crimes of our persecutors, nor of the indeli-
ble stain which our national escutcheon has received through their in-
human daring. They have been allowed to revel in blood and luxuriate
in the miseries of the oppressed, and no man has laid it to heart.
The fact is that gentlemen of respectability and refinement, who live
in a civilized society, find it difficult to believe that such enormities
could be practiced in a Republican government. But our wrong can-
not slumber. Such tyranny and oppression must not be passed over in
silence. Our injuries, though past, are not forgotten by us; they still
rankle in our bosoms, and the blood of the innocent yet cries for justice;
and as American citizens we have appealed and shall still continue to
appeal to the legally-constituted authorities of the land for redress, in
the hopes that justice, which has long slumbered, may be aroused in
our defense; that the spirit which burned in the bosoms of the patriots
of '76 may fire the souls of their descendants; and though slow, that
their indignation may yet be aroused at the injustice of the oppressor;
and that they may yet mete out justice to our adversaries, and step for-
ward in the defense of the innocent.
We shall ask no one to commit themselves on our account. We want
no steps taken but what are legal, constitutional and honorable. But
we are A merican citizens-, and as American citizens we have rights in
common with all that live under the folds of the "star-spangled ban-
ner." Our rights have been trampled upon by lawless miscreants. We
have been robbed of our liberties by mobocratic influence, and all those
honorable ties that ought to govern and characterize Columbia's sons
have heen trampled in the dust. Still we are American Citizens; and
as American citizens we claim the privilege of being heard in the coun-
cils of our nation. We have been wronged, abused, robbed, and ban-
ished; and we seek redress. Such crimes can not slumber in Repub-
lican America. The cause of common humanity would revolt at it, and
Republicanism would hide its head in disgust.
We make these remarks for the purpose of drawing the attention of
our brethren to this subject, both at home and abroad, that we may fix
upon the man who will be the most likely to render us assistance in ob-
taining redress for our grievances; and not only give our own votes,
but use our influence to obtain others; and if the voice of suffering in-
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 41
nocence will not sufficiently arouse the rulers of our nation to investi-
gate our case, perhaps a vote of from fifty to one hundred thousand
may rouse them from their lethargy.
We shall fix upon the man of our choice, and notify our friends duly.
I published the following in the same number of the
Times and Seasons: —
^ THE APPOINTMENT OF A MISSTON TO RUSSIA.
To all the Saints and honourable men of the earth to whom the Lord
has given liberally of this world's goods, greeting:
Our worthy Brother, Elder George J. Adams, has been appointed by
the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
at Nauvoo to present to them the importance, as well as the things
connected with his mission to Russia, to introduce the fullness of the
Gospel to the people of that vast empire, and also to which is attached
some of the most important things concerning the advancement and
building up of the kingdom of God in the last days, which cannot be
explained at this time. But as the mission is attended with much ex-
pense, all those who feel disposed to bestow according as God has
blessed them shall receive the blessings of Israel's God, and tenfold
shall be added unto them, as well as the prayers of the Saints of God.
With sentiments of high esteem, we subscribe ourselves your friends
and brethren in the now and everlasting covenant,
Joseph Smith,
Hyrum Smith.
Presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saintsjt-
I attended meeting chis morning, and adjourned it in
consequence of the cold and rain. The afternoon being
more pleasant, the people assembled, and were addressed
by Elders Marks, Charles C. Eich and Bishop Jacob Foutz.
Council met in the evening same as on Thursday
previous.
Monday, 2. — At home.
Tuesday, 3. — Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kim-
ball, Orson Hyde, George A. Smith, Wilford
Woodruff, and Jedediah M. Grant spent the Apostles in
day in visiting the Saints in Philadelphia. In t e Easl '
the evening they partook of an oyster supper, on the in-
vitation of Mr. Jeffreys.
* The fact that Sidney Rigdon and Wm. Law did not sign this document as in the
First Presidency, should be noted.
42 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.u. 1843
The brethren assembled with their wives, to the number
of about one hundred couple, and dined at the Mansion as
an opening to the house. A very pleasant day, and all
things passed off well.
The following is extracted from the Neighbor of this
date.
PLEASURE PARTY AND DINNER AT THE NAUVOO MANSION.
General Joseph Smith, the proprietor of said house, provided a
luxurious feast for a pleasure party; and all having partaken of the
luxuries of a well-spread board, the cloth was removed, and a com-
mittee appointed to draft resolutions suitable to the occasion. They ad-
journed for a few moments and returned, when Robert D. Foster was
appointed chairman.
The object of the meeting was then briefly stated by the chairman;
after which a hymn was sung, and prayer by Elder Taylor. The chairman
then arose and made some appropriate remarks for the occasion, touching
upon the rise and progress of the city, the varied scenes through which
the Saints had to pass, the persecutions and abuses the Prophets had to
undergo, &c, &c. After which he read the following resolutions and
toast, which were unanimously adopted: —
Resolved, 1st. That a vote of thanks be presented to General Joseph
Smith and lady, through the medium of the Nauvoo Neighbor, for the
very bountiful feast by them provided, for the accommodation of this
party of more than one hundred couple at their Mansion.
Resolved, 2nd. General Joseph Smith, whether we view him as a
Prophet at the head of the Church, a General at the head of the Legion,
a Mayor at the head of the City Council, or as a landlord at the head of
his table, if he has equals, he has no superiors.
Resolved, 3rd. Nauvoo, the great emporium of the West, the center
of all centers, a city of three years' growth, a population of 15,000 souls
congregated from the four quarters of the globe, embracing the intel-
ligence of all nations, with industry, frugality, economy, virtue, and
brotherly love, unsurpassed by any age in the world, — a suitable home
for the Saints.
Resolved, 4th. Nauvoo Legion, a well disciplined and faithful band
of invincibles, ready at all times to defend their country with this motto,
"Vive la Republique."
Resolved, 5th. Nauvoo Charter, like the laws of the Medes and Per-
sians, an unalterable decree by a patriotic band of wise legislators for
the protection of the innocent.
Resolved, 6th. Thomas Ford, Governor of Illinois, fearless and
A.D. 1843| HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 43
faithful in the discharge of all official duties, — long may he live, and
blessiners attend his administration.
Colonel Francis M. Higbee was then called to the stand, who addiessed
the audience in a very spirited and appropriate manner for the day.
Professor Orson Spencer was then called, who arose, and in his usual
easy and eloquent manner highly entertained the company for nearly
half-an-hour.
The next called was Elder John Taylor, who alone was capable of
putting on the top stone of the entertainment. His address was highly
interesting, combining, like a Lacoon, a volume in every gesture.
General Smith then arose, and, in a verj- touching and suitable
manner, tendered his thanks to the company for the encomiums and
honors conferred on him. He recited the many woes through which he
had passed, the persecutions which he had suffered, and the love he had
for the brethren and citizens of Nauvoo. He tendered his gratitude for
the pleasing prospects that surrounded him to the great Giver of all
good. He said he thought that his case was similar to that of old Job's
— that after he had suffered and drank the very dregs of affliction, the
Lord had remembered him in mercy, and was about to bless him
abundantly.
After he had done, Mrs. Emma Smith presented her thanks, through
the chair, to the company present; after which, a motion was made and
carried, to adjourn, whereupon the company were called to their feet.
Benediction by Elder Taylor, and the party retired with the most
perfect satisfaction and good humor as was ever witnessed on such
occasions.
Robert. D. Fosier, Chairman.
In the evening Mr. William Backenstos and Clara M.
Wasson were married at the Mansion. I solemnized the
marriage in presence of a select party.
Wednesday, 4. — I extract the following from the Neigh-
bor of this date : —
ANTI-MORMONISM.
With respect to the Carthage meeting, I take upon myself to deny
the charges in toto* and challenge them to the proof. If we harbor
horse-thieves among us, as is basely asserted, let the man that has lost
his horse publish his name and the name of the villain, or how he
knows him to be a Mormon, and where he is harbored, that we may
have something more than vague assertions. They well know that no
such proof can be produced, but that the charges had their birth in the
minds of one or two heartless scoundrels thirsting for revpnge for their
late disappointments. The whole of the charges are a tissue of false-
44 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
hoods got up with the idea of intimidating a peaceable body of cilizens.
But, sir, we set such designing knaves at defiance and laugh at their
threats, treating them with utter contempt, but ever ready to abide by
the truth.
John Greenhow.
Elder Reuben Hedlock wrote the following letter: —
Elder Meuben Hedlock to the First Presidency ,
Liverpool, October 4, 1843.
To the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, greeting: —
Dear and Much Esteemed Brethren, — I hasten to inform you of
my arrival in Liverpool on the 30th day of September, in company with
Elders John Cairns, James Sloan and wife, James Houston, and Wil-
liam G. Jermon. We left six of the Twelve in the city of New York,
the 2nd day of September, and came on board of the ship Columbus.
Our passage money was five dollars. We had a very hard passage. We
were very much crowded in the steerage. There were 236 persons —
Dutch, Irish, English and Scotch, and as dirty as any I ever saw. We
were not much sick; the weather was cold. Had it been otherwise, we
should have suffered more. A steamer leaves for New York to-day,
and I thought I would announce to you my arrival by this opportunity,
and such information as I was in possession of up to this date. There
is a ship to sail on the 14th instant, by which I shall write you again.
I found Elders Hyrum Clark, Thomas Ward, and Amos Fielding in
Liverpool, and they were well; and as far as I was informed by them,
the Church is in a good state and on the increase; it numbers some-
where between eight and Dine thousand members. There is a great
want of laborers in the vineyard. Many of the first Elders have left
this for Nauvoo, leaving their places vacant. I presented to the Pres
fdency here your decision relative to the printing. Elders Ward and
Fielding received it, and manifested a desire to abide by it. Elder
Fielding wept when I showed him your decision concerning him and his
coning to Nauvoo by the first ship to see you face to face. The brethren
say here that he has been too hasty in some things, and has given some
an offense; but I do not as yet know anything derogatory to his char-
acter that I could say aught against him. I shall "write you all the
particulars as fast as I come in possession of them. As regards the
printing in this land, we shall stop it after the next number is published.
In it we wish to publish the news from Nauvoo for the benefit of the
Saints, and to announce our arrival in this country.
Permit me here to give you my opinion as regards the printing in
this land, and I will cheerfully abide your advice notwithstanding.
After we stop the Star, we shall have during the shipping season to ad-
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 45
vertise and give general information in the emigration business to the
Saints scattered abroad. I think it would be best to republish the
Times and Seasons for the benefit of the Church. The duties on books
are £2-10s. per hundredweight; and there are now 1,600 Stars circulated
here at the present, and the demands of our publications are on the in-
crease. The duties would almost reprint the Times and Seasons, and
then we could do our advertising on the last page, if thought advisable.
We could afford it as cheap as the present Star, and pay you something
for the privilege of publishing, as well as to pay it to the crown. I have
not yet learned the amount of funds remaining here subject to your
order. I have not had much time as yet to inquire into those matters,
in consequence of the multitude of business in unloading our freight
from shipboard.
The brethren that came with me wish to say to those whom it may
concern, that they are well, and will in a few days leave for their fields
of labor.
I shall write to you once a month, no preventing Providence, and
should be glad to have you write to me as often, and give me your ad-
vice and counsel relating to those things you, in your wisdom, may think
beneficial to the Saints and emigration in this land.
I wish Elder Taylor would forward to me the amount of the number
that will make the volume of the limes and Seasons complete by the
first opportunity. By so doing I can sell the 200 volumes to advantage.
I will try to forward to him what I can obtain for the limes and
Seasons already here. If it should be thought wisdom to reprint the
limes and Seasons here, I wish Brother Taylor would be particular to
send, so that we could obtain them, if possible. I am informed by
Elder Ward that they have not received any intelligence from you
since last February.
I wish you would write me your mind concerning the printing im-
mediately on the receipt of this sheet, so that our communication with
the Saints in England may not be stopped long.
I am, as ever, your humble servant in the bonds of the new and ever-
lasting covenant,
Reuben Hedlock.
I was at the mansion preparing some legal papers. —
Justin Butterfield, Esq. , U. S. Attorney for Mi- The Prophet's
nois , arrived this afternoon ; and I spent the rest J^tuStter-
of the day in riding and chatting with him. fleld -
Council of the quorum [special council, see p. 39] met
and adjourned to Sunday evening; my Brother Hyrum's
child being sick.
46 HISTOKY OF THE CHUBCH. LA.D. 1843
The quorum of the Twelve started from Philadelphia
for Pittsburgh .
Thursday, 5. — This morning I rode out with Esquire
Butterfield to the farm.
In the afternoon, rode to the prairie to show some of
the brethren some land. Evening, at home,
Respecting aud walked up and down the streets with my
wires!* 7 ° scribe. Gave instructions to try those persons
who were preaching, teaching, or practicing
the doctrine of plurality of wives: for, according to the
law, I hold the keys of this power in the last days; for
there is never but one on earth at a time on whom the
power and its keys are conferred; and I have constantly
said no man shall have but one wife at a time, unless the
Lord directs otherwise.
Friday, 6. — I attended special conference; but as few
people were out, in consequence of the weather proving
unfavorable, the organization of the conference was ad-
journed until to morrow, or the first pleasant day.
After giving notice that President Rigdon's case would
be considered, &c, I walked towards home,
Dis^aSae* s and gave instructions to my scribe to cause
ney Rigdon! d " all the papers relating to my land-claims in
the Half Breed Tract in Iowa, to be placed in
the hands of Esquire Butterfield.
Saturday, 7 . — I attended conference.
Sunday, 8. — Slight frost last night. Conference con-
vened in the morning; but, as it rained, adjourned till
Monday at ten, a. m.
Prayer-meeting at my house in the evening. Quorum
present; also, in addition, Sisters Adams, Elizabeth Ann
Whitney, my aunt Clarissa Smith, and my mother.
My brother Hyrum and his wife were blessed, ordained
and anointed.
The Twelve arrived at Pittsburgh at ten, a. m., and
again left by the steamer Baritan, at eleven, a. m., en
route for Nauvoo.
A.L). 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 47
Monday, 9. — Attended conference, and preached a
funeral sermon on the death of General James Adams ; a
brief synopsis of which, as reported by Dr. Willard
Richards, will be found in the minutes below.
I here insert the conference minutes.
MINUTES OF A SPECIAL CONFERENCE.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in Special Conference,
held in the City of Nauvoo, commencing on the 6th of October, 1843.
Friday, October 6, ten o'clock, a. m.
The weather proving unfavorable, the organization of the Confer-
ence was postponed until the next day at ten o'clock, a. m.
Saturday, ten o'clock, a. m.
Conference assembled and proceeded to business.
President Joseph Smith was called to the chair, and Gustavus Hills
was chosen clerk.
Singing by the choir, and prayer by Elder Almon W. Babbitt.
The president stated the items of business to be brought before the
conference to be —
1st. The case and standing of Elder Sidney Rigdon, Counselor in
the First Presidency.
2nd. The further progress of the Temple; after which, any miscel-
laneous business.
<^Elder Sidney Rigdon addressed the conference on the subject of his
situation and circumstances among the Saints.
President- Joseph Smith addressed the conference, inviting an ex-
pression of any charges or complaints which the conference had to
make. He stated his dissatisfaction with Elder Sidney Rigdon as a
Counselor, not having received any material benefit from his labors
or counsels since their escape from Missouri. .Several complaints were
then brought forward in reference to his management in the post office;
a supposed corespondence and connection with John C. Bennett, with
Ex-Governor Ovrlin, and with the Missourians, of a treacherous char-
acter; also his leaguing with dishonest persons in endeavoring to
defraud the innocent.
President Joseph Smith related to the conference the detention of a
document from Justin ""iutterfield, Esq., which was designed for the
benefit of himself, ^President Smith,) but was not handed over for
. some three or four weeks, greatly to his disadvantage; also, an indirect
testimony from Missouri, through the mother of Orrin P. Rockwell,
that said Rigdon and othei-s had given information, by letter, of Pres-
ident Smith's visit to Dixon, advising them to proceed to that place
48 HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
and arrest him there. He stated that, in consequence of these and
other circumstances, and Elder Rigdon's unprofitableness to him as a
Counselor, he did not wish to retain him in that station, unless those
difficulties could be removed; but desired his salvation, and expressed
his willingness that he should retain a place among the Saints.
Elder Almon W. Babbitt suggested the propriety of limiting the com-
plaints and proofs to circumstances that had transpired since the last
conference.
President Joseph Smith replied, and showed the legality and pro-
priety of a thorough investigation, without such limitation.
Elder Sidney Rigdon pleaded, concerning the document from Justin
Butterfield, Esq., that he received it in answer to some inquiries which
he [Rigdon] had transmitted to him [Butterfield] ; that he [Rigdon]
received it at a time when he was sick, and unable to examine it; did
not know that it was designed for the perusal and benefit of President
Joseph Smith; that he had, consequently, ordered it to be laid aside,
where it remained until inquired for by Joseph Smith. He had never
written to Missouri concerning the visit of Joseph Smith to Dixon, audi
knew of no other person having done so. That, concerning certain
rumors of belligerent operations under Governor Carlin's adurinistm-
tion, he had related them, not to alarm or disturb any one; but that'ne
had the rumors from good authorities, and supposed them well
founded. That he had never received but one communication from
John C. Bennett, and that of a business character, except one addressed
to him conjointly with Elder Orson Pratt, which he handed over to
President Smith. That he had never written any letters to John C.
Bennett.
The weather becoming inclement, conference adjourned until Sunday,
ten o'clock, a. m.
Sunday, 8th, ten o'clock, a. m.
Conference assembled agreeably to adjournment.
Singing by the choir, and prayer by Elder William W. Phelps.
Elder Sidney Rigdon resumed his plea of defense. B.e related the
circumstances of his reception in the city of Quincy, after his escape
from Missouri, — the cause oE his delay iu not going to thpcity of Wash-
ington, on an express to which he had been appointed: &nd closed with
a moving appeal to President Joseph Smith, concerning their former
friendship, associations, and sufferings; and expressed his willingness
to resign his place, though with sorrowful and indescribable feelings.
During this address, the sympathies of the congregation were highly
excited.
Elder Almon W. Babbitt related a conversation he had had with Es-
quire Johnson, in which he exonerated Elder Sidney Rigdon from the
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 49
charge or suspicion of having had a treacherous correspondence with
ex-Governor Carlin.
President Joseph Smith arose and explained to the congregation the
supposed treacherous correspondence with ex-Governor Carlin, and ex-
pressed entire lack of confidence in his integrity and steadfastness, judg-
ing from their past intercourse.
Patriarch Hyrum Smith followed with appropriate and impressive
remarks on the attributes of mercy in God, as that by which He in-
fluences, controls and conquers; and the propriety and importance of
the Saints exercising the same attribute towards their fellows, and espe-
cially towards their aged companion and fellow-servant in the cause
of truth and righteousness.
Elder Altnon W. Babbitt and President William Law followed with
remai'ks in defense of Elder Sidney Rigdon.
On motion by President William Marks, and seconded by Patriarch
Hyrum Smith, conference voted that Elder Sidney Rigdon be permitted
to retain his station as Counselor in the First Presidency.
President Joseph Smith arose and said, "J have thrown him off my
shoulders, and you have again put him on me. You may carry him,
but I will not." 1 " 1 *
Singing. Prayer by Elder William Law.
Conference adjourned for one hour. \
Three, p. m.
Conference assembled; but in consequence of the inclemency of the
weather, business was postponed until Monday, ten o'clock, a. m.
Monday, ten o'clock, a. m.
Conference assembled, and resumed business.
Singing by the choir. Prayer by Elder Alpheus Cutler.
The business pertaining to the Temple was then announced by the
President as next in order.
Elder Alpheus Cutler, on the part of the Temple Committee, repre-
sented the work of the Temple to be retarded for want of team work and
provisions — also of iron, steel, blasting powder, and clothing, — giving
as his opinion that the walls could easily be completed next season, if
these embarrassments were removed, and the brethren would come for-
ward to sustain them in the work with the means that were in their
hands.
Elder Reynolds Cahoon followed, seconding the remarks of Elder
Cutler, and setting forth the importance of the Saints using their ut-
most exertions to fulfill the revelation concerning the Temple, earnestly
exhorting the Saints here and abroad to roll in the necessary means into
the hands of the Trustee, that the work may advance with rapidity.
* This paragraph in Italics appears as footnote in the Ms. History.
4 Vol. VI.
50 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. f A.D. 1843
President Hyrum Smith followed with pertinent remarks on the im-
portance of the work— the ease with which it might be advanced to its
completion, — that it had already become a monument for the people
abroad to gaze on with astonishment. He concluded with some advice
to parents to restrain their children from vice and folly, and employ
them in some business of profit to themselves, to the Temple, or else-
where.
On motion by Elder William Law, and seconded by President Hyrum
Smith, conference voted that we, as a conference and individuals, will
use all the means, exertions, and influence in our power to sustain the
Temple Committee in advancing the work of the Temple.
Conference adjourned for one hour.
Two o'clock, p. m.
Conference re- assembled, and listened with profound attention to an
impressive discourse from President Joseph Smith, commemorative of
the decease of James Adams, Esq., late of this city, and an honorable,
worthy, useful and esteemed member of the Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints.
THE PROPHET'S REMARKS ON THE DEMISE OF JAMES ADAMS.
All men know that they must die. And it is important that we
should understand the reasons and causes of our exposure to the
vicissitudes of life and of death, and the designs and purposes of God
in our coming into the world, our sufferings here, and our departure
hence. What is the object of our coming into existence, then dying and
falling away, to be here no more? It is but reasonable to suppose that
God would reveal something in reference to the matter, and it is a
subject we ought to study more than any other. We ought to study it
day and night, for the world is ignorant in reference to their true con-
dition and relation. If we have any claim on our Heavently Father for
anything, it is for knowledge on this important subject. Could we read
and comprehend all that has been written from the days of Adam, on
the relation of man to God and angels in a future state, we should know
very little about it. Reading the experience of others, or the revelation
given to them, can never give us a comprehensive view of our condition
and true relation to God. Knowledge of these things can only be ob-
tained by experience through the ordinances of God set forth for that
purpose. <Could you gaze into heaven five minutes, you would know
more than you would by reading all that ever was written on the
subject. ^
We are only capable of comprehending that certain things exist,
which we may acquire by certain fixed principles. If men would ac-
quire salvation, they have got to be subject, before they leave this
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 51
world, to certain rules and principles, which were fixed by an un-
alterable decree before the world was.
The disappointment of hopes and expectations at the resurrection
would be indescribably dreadful.
The organization of the spiritual and heavenly worlds, and of spir-
itual and heavenly beings, was agreeable to the most perfect order and
harmony: their limits and bounds were fixed irrevocably, and volun-
tarily subscribed to in their heavenly estate by themselves, and were by
our first parents subscribed to upon the earth. Hence the importance
of embracing and subscribing to principles of eternal truth by all men
upon the earth that expect eternal life.
I assure the Saints that truth, in reference to these matters, can and
may be known through the revelations of God in the way of His ordi-
nances, and in answer to prayer. The Hebrew Church "came unto the
spirits of just men made perfect^ and unto an innumerable company of
angels, unto God the Father of all, and to Jesus Christ, the Mediator
of the new covenant." What did they learn by coming of the spirits of
just men made perfect? Is it written? No. What they learned has
not been and could not have been written. What object was gained by
this communication with the spirits of the just? It was the established
order of the kingdom of God : the keys of power and knowledge were
with them to communicate to the Saints. Hence the importance of
understanding the distinction between the spirits of the just and
angels.
<1 Spirits can only be revealed in flaming fire or glory. Angels have
advanced further, their light and glory being tabernacled; and hence
they appear in bodily shape. The spirits of just men are made minis-
i.ering servants to those who are sealed unto life eternal, and it is through
them that the sealing power comes down.
Patriarch Adams is now one of the spirits of the just men made
perfect; and, if revealed now, must be revealed in fire; and the glory
could not be endured. Jesus showed Himself to His disciples, and they
thought it was His spirit, and they were afraid to approach His spirit.
Angels have advanced higher in knowledge and power than spirits./
Concerning Brother James Adams, it should appear strange that so
good and so great a man was hated. The deceased ought never to have
had an enemy. But so it was. Wherever light shone, it stirred up
darkness. Truth and error, good and evil cannot be reconciled. Judge
Adams had some enemies, but such a man ought not to have had one.
I saw him first at Springfield, when on my way from Missouri to Wash-
ington. He sought me out when a stranger, took me to his home, en-
couraged and cheered me, and gave me money. He has been a most
intimate friend. I anointed him to the patriarchal power — to receive
52 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
the keys of knowledge and power, by revelation to himself. He has
had revelations concerning his departure, and has gone to a more im-
portant work.\When men are prepared, they are better off to go hence.
Brother Adams has gone to open up a more effectual door for the dead.
The spirits of the just are exalted to a greater and more glorious work;
hence they are blessed in their departure to the world of spirits.
Enveloped in flaming fire, they are not far from us, and know and
understand our thoughts, feelings, and motions, and are often pained
therewith^
Flesh and blood cannot go there; but flesh and bones, quickened
by the Spirit of God, can.
If we would be sober and watch in fasting and prayer, God would
turn away sickness from our midst.
Hasten the work in the Temple, renew your exertions to forward
all the work of the last days, and walk before the Lord in soberness
and righteousness. Let the Elders and Saints do away with light-
mindedness, and be sober.
Such is a faint outline of the discourse of President Joseph Smith,
which was delivered with his usual feeling and pathos, and was listened
to with the most profound and eager attention by the multitude, who
hung upon his instructions, anxious to learn and pursue the path of
eternal life.
After singing by the choir, and prayer by the President, Conference
adjourned sine die, with the benediction of the President.
Joseph Smith, President.
Gustavus Hills, Clerk.
The missionaries to the Society Islands went on board
paciflcisiands ttie slli P Timoleon, Captain Plasket, at New
Mission Em- Bedford, and got under way. Elder Philip
B. Lewis donated $300 towards their passage
and fitout. Elder Knowlton F. Hanks' health was very
poor.
A.D. 1843]
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 53
CHAPTER III.
ANCIENT RUINS IN AMERICA, BOOK OF MORMON EVIDENCE —
THE PROPHET ON TQE U. S. CONSTITUTION AND THE
BIBLE — MISREPRESENTATIONS CORRECTED — LETTER TO
THE U. S. PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES— THE PROPHET'S
ADDRESS TO THE SAINTS.
Tuesday, October 10, 1843.— My brother Hyrum was
appointed, by the voice of the Spirit, one of the Temple
Committee, in place of Judge Elias Higbee, deceased.
I spent the day in council with J. and 0. C. Skinner
and the Rhodes' about the sale of land, and appointed
William Clayton to buy the property.
Wednesday, 11.— I was at home this morning. In the
afternoon I went with my brother Hyrum, William Law,
and our wives, to Brother John Benbow's.
The following is from the Times and Seasons : —
ANCIENT RUINS— INTRODUCTORY.
Every day adds fresh testimony to the already accumulated evidence
on the authenticity of the Book of Mormon. At the time that bo^k
was translated, there was very little known about ruined cities and
dilapidated buildings. The general presumption was that no people
possessing more intelligence than our present race of Indians had ever
inhabited this continent; and the accounts given in the Book of Mormon
concerning large cities and civilized people having inhabited this land
were generally disbelieved and pronounced a humbug. Priest, since
then, has thrown some light on this interesting subject. Stephens, in
his "Incidents of Travels in Central America," has thrown in a flood of
testimony, and from the following statements it is evident that the Book
of Mormon does not give a more extensive account of large and popul-
ous cities than those discoveries demonstrate to be even now in
existence. — Ed.]
(Article from the Texas Telegraph, October 11.)
We have been informed by a gentleman who has traversed a large
portion of the Indian country of Northern Texas, and the country
54 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
lying between Santa Fe and the Pacific, that there are vestiges of
ancient cities and ruined castles or temples on the Rio Puerco, and on
the Colorado of the West.
He says that on one of the branches of the Rio Puerco, a few days'
travel from Santa Fe, there is. an immense pile of ruins that appear to
belong to an ancient temple. Portions of the walls are still standing,
consisting of huge blocks of limestone regularly hewn and laid in
cement. The building occupies an extent of more than an acre. It is
two or three stories high, has no roof, but contains many rooms, gene-
rally of a square form, without windows; and the lower rooms are so
dark and gloomy that they resemble caverns rather than the apart-
ments of an edifice built for a human habitation.
Our informant did not give the style of architecture, but he believes
it could not be erected by Spaniards or Europeans, as the stones are
much worn by the rains, and indicate that the building has stood many
hundred years. From his description, we are induced to believe that it
resembles the ruins of Pa enque or Otulum.
He says there are many similar ruins on the Colorado of the West,
which empties in the Californian sea. In one of the valleys of the Cor-
dilleras traversed by this river, and about four hundred miles from its
mouth, there is a large tomple still standing, its walls and spires
presenting scarcely any traces of dilapidation; and were it not for the
want of a roof, it might still be rendered habitable. Near it, scattered
along the declivity of a mountain, are the ruins of what must have been
once a large city.
The traces of a large aqueduct, part of which is, however, in the solid
rock, are still visible. Neither the Indians residing in the vicinity nor
the oldest Spanish settlers of the nearest settlements can give any
account of the origin of these buildings. They merely know that they
have stood there from the earliest periods to which their traditions
extend.
The antiquarian who is desirous to trace the Aztec or the Toltec races
in their migrations from the northern regions of America may find in
their ancient edifices many subjects of curious speculation.
Thursday, 12. — Prayer-meeting in my room. We prayed
for William Marks, who was sick.
-<^I sent William Clayton to Lathrop, to borrow $50, that
I might be able to redeem $5000 worth of property, which
was published co be sold to-day at Rhodes'; but Lathrop
refused. He also vent to Eli Chase's, but was refused by
him. I was grieved that the brethren felt so penurious in
their spirit, although they professed to be guided by the
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH . 55
revelations which the Lord gives through me. On my
afterwards giving a pledge that I would repay the $50 in
forty-eight hours, Lathrop lent the money and enabled
me to redeem the land. V
I received the following from H. R. Hotchkiss:
Letter — H. H. Hotchkiss to Joseph Smith.
New York, 27th September, 1843.
Rev. Joseph Smith.
Dear Sir, — I see by the newspapers that there has been a meeting of
citizens at Carthage relative to the Mormons, and that several severe
resolutions have been passed condemning the conduct of the Mormons.
Knowing how little I can rely upon public rumor upon such subjects, I
have taken the liberty of applying directly to you for correct informa-
tion, and solicit as a particular favor that you will communicate at
your earliest convenience the facts in the case.
Of course I feel an interest in the prosperity of Nauvoo, and an
interest also in the success of the Mormon enterprise, and a deep
interest in the welfare of your people; and the more so, certainly, as
their pecuniary interest is identified with my own. I make this frank
acknowledgment, because it is always best for men of sense to talk as
they mean. I should, howewer, be solicitous for a successful termination
of your great enterprise, had I not one dollar invested in Xauvoo,
because the complete triumph of energetic exertions is always gratify
ing to all business men.
Your obedient servant,
Horace R. Hotchkiss.
I wrote this reply : —
Letter — Joseph Smith to H. R. Hotchkiss.
Nauvoo, 111., Oct. 12, 1843,
Dear Sir, — Your letter of the 27th ult. is at hand, soliciting informa
tion concerning the "Carthage resolutions." In answer to your very
candid inquiry and interest relative to our welfare, brevity will suffice.
Unprincipled men and disappointed demagogues, with here and there
an "untamed sucker," composed that disgraceful and disgracing as
well as mobocratic assemblage ; and I feel proud to say that patriots
and honest men generall}- frown upon such audacious proceedings as
beneath the dignity of freemen. It is to be hoped that public opinion
will continue to spurn at such doings, and leave the actors to fester in
their own shame.
With the smiling prospects around us at present, success seems
56 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
certain; and, with the blessings of Jehovah, we shall reap the reward
of virtue and goodness. I go for the good of the world; and if all honest
men would do so, mean men would be scarce. You are at liberty to use
this to counteract falsehoods as you may deem proper.
Respectfully, I am your obedient servant,
Joseph Smith.
Friday, 13. — First severe frost at Nauvoo this season.
Ice on the water.
At home ; made arrangements to prepare provisions for
the workmen in the pinery. From ten, a. m. to three, p.
m , presided in municipal court, on habeas corpus in
favor of Charles Drown, to be delivered from the custody
of Samuel Waterman. The prisoner being sick, adjourned
the case to the 16th.
In the afternoon, trying a span of grey horses in the
carriage.
Dr. Turner, a phrenologist, came in. I gratified his
curiosity for about an hour by allowing him to examine
my head.
I was engaged settling accounts with D. S. Hollister.
Saturday, 14.— In the morning, at home, having a long
Location of conversation with a physiologist and mesmer-
the mind. \&qv . I asked them to prove that the mind of
man was seated in one part of the brain more than
another.
Sat in City Council till one, p. m., which passed "An
Ordinance concerning the inspection of flour," and ap-
pointed William E. Horner inspector of flour for the city
of Nauvoo.
Sunday, 15. — Cool, calm, and cloudy. At eleven, a.m.,
I preached at the stand east of the Temple. The following
synopsis was reported by Dr. Willard Richards: —
Ihe Prophet on the Constitution of the United States and the Bible —
Temporal Economies.
< It is one of the first principles of my life, and one that I have cul-
tivated from my childhood, having been taught it by my father, to allow
every one the liberty of conscience. I am the greatest advocate of the
AD. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 57
Constitution of the United States there is on the earth. In my feelings
I am always ready to die for the protection of the we'ak and oppressed
in their just rights. The only fault I find with the Constitution is, it is
not broad enough to cover the whole ground.
Although it provides that all men shall enjoy religious freedom, yet it
does not provide the manner by which that freedom can be preserved,
nor for the punishment of Government officers who refuse to protect
the people in their religious rights, or punish those mobs, states, or
communities who interfere with the rights of the people on account of
their religion. Its sentiments are good, but it provides no means of
enforcing them. It has but this one fault. Under its provision, a man
or a people who are able to protect themselves can get along well
enough; but those who have the misfortune to be weak or unpopular
are left to the merciless rage of popular fury.
The Constitution should contain a provision that every officer of the
Government who should neglect or refuse to extend the protection
guaranteed in the Constitution should be subject to capital punishment;
and then the president of the United States would not say, "Your cause
is just, but I can do nothing Jor i/0M,'7a governor issue exterminating
orders, or judges say, "The men ought to have the protection of law,
but it won't please the mob; the men must die, anyhow, to satisfy the
clamor of the rabble; they must be hung, or Missouri be damned to all
eternity." Executive writs could be issued "when they ought to be,
and not be made instruments of cruelty to oppress the innocent, and
persecute men whose religion is unpopular .^>
I cannot believe in any of the creeds or the different denominations,
because they all have some things in them I cannot subscribe to, though
all of them have some truth. I want to come up into the presence of
God, and learn all things; but the creeds set up stakes, and bay,
"Hitherto shalt thou come, and no further;" which I cannot subscribe to
I believe the Bible as it read when it came from the pen
of the original writers. Ignorant translators, careless transcribers,
or designing and corrupt priests have committed many errors. As it
read, Gen. vi. 6, "It repented the Lord that he had made man on the
earth;" also, Num. xxiii. 19, "God is not a man, that he should lie;
neither the Son of man, that he should repent; " which I do not believe.
But it ought to read, "It repented Noah that God made man." This I
believe, and then the other quotation stands fair. If any man will prove
to me, by one passage of Holv Writ, one item I believe to be false, I
will renounce and disclaim it as far as I promulged it.
The first principles of the Gospel, as I believe, are, faith, repent-
ance, baptism for the remission of sins, with the promise of the
Holy Ghost.
58 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. |A.D. 1843
Look at Heb. vi. 1 for contradictious — "Therefore leaving the prin-
ciples of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection." If a man
leaves the principles of the doctrine of Christ, how can he be saved in
the principles? This is a contradiction. I don't believe it. I will
render it as it should be — "Therefore not leaving the principles .of the
doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection, not laving again the
foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God,
of the doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrec-
tion of the dead, and of eternal judgment."
< It is one thing to see the kingdom of God, and another thing to enter
into it. We must have a change of heart to see the kingdom of God,
and subscribe the articles of adoption to enter therein.
No man can receive the Holy Ghost without receiving revelations.
The Holy Ghost is a revelator. j>
I prophesy, in the name of the Lord God of Israel, anguish and wrath
and tribulation and the withdrawing of the Spirit of God from the earth
await this generation, until they are visited with utter desolation. --.This
generation is as corrupt as the generation of the Jews that crucified
Christ; and if He were here to-day, and should preach the same doctrine
He did then, they would put Him to death 7* I defy all the world to
destroy the work of God; and I prophesy they never will have power to
kill me till my work is accomplished, and I am ready to die. ~-*"
y/\ will now speak a little on the economy of this city. I think there
^Sstre too many merchants among you. I would like to see more wool
and raw materials instead of manufactured goods, and the money be
brought here to pay the poor for manufacturing goods. Set our women
to work, and stop their spinning street yarns and talking about spiritual
wives.
Instead of going abroad to buy goods, lay your money out in the
country, and buy grain, cattle, flax, wool, and work it up yourselves.
1 proclaim, in the name of the Lord God Almighty, that will fellow-
ship nothing in the Church but virtue, integrity, and uprightness. —
We cannot build up a city on merchandise. I would not run after the
merchants. I would sow a little flax, if I had but a garden spot, and
make clothing of it.
The temporal economy of this people should be to establish and en-
courage manufactures, and not to take usury for their money. I do not
want to bind the poor here to starve. Go out into the country and into
the neighbouring cities, and get food, and gird up your loins, and be
sober. When you get food, return, if you have a mind to.
Some say it is better to give to the poor than build the Temple. The
building of the Temple has sustained the poor who were driven from
Missouri, and kept them from starving; and it has been the best means
for this object which could be devised.
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 59
Oh, all ye rich men of the Latter-dav Saints from abroad, I would
invite you to bring up some of your money — your gold, your silver,
and your precious things, and give to the Temple. We want iron, steel,
spades, and quarrying and mechanical tools.
It would be a good plan to get up a forge to manufacture iron, and
bring in raw materials of every variety, and erect manufacturing
establishments of all kinds, and surround the rapids with mills and
machinery.
I never stole the value of a pin's head, or a picayune in my life; and
when you are hungry don't steal. Come to me, and I will feed you.^>»
The secret of masonry is to keep a secret. It is good economy to
entertain strangers — to entertain sectarians. Come up to Nauvoo, ye
sectarian priests of the everlasting Gospel, as they call it, and you shall
have my pulpit all day.
Woe to ye rich men, who refuse to give to the poor, and then come
and ask me for bread. Away with all your meanness, and be liberal.
We need purging, purifying and cleansing. You that have little faith
in your Elders when you are sick, get some little simple remedy in the
first stages. If you send for a doctor at all, send in the first stages.
All ye doctors who are fools, not well read, and do not understand
the human constitution, stop your practice. And all ye lawyers who
have no business, only as you hatch it up, would to God you would go
to work or run away! "
Monday, 16. — At home nearly all day, attending to
family concerns.
Went to municipal court, and adjourned hearing of the
case* to the 17th.
Tuesday, 17. — Went to municipal court. The prose-
cutor not appearing, court ordered that the prisoner be
discharged.
Wednesday, 18. — Pleasant and comfortable day.
Fifteen deaths have occured during the past week in
the city.
Thursday, 19. — Warm and pleasant day. The water
has risen about two feet in the Mississippi,
. r-r j The Prophet's
and is still rising. visit to Mace-
' About noon, started for Macedonia, in com-
pany with Brother William Clayton. Arrived there about
* This was the case of Chas. Drown on habeas corpus referred to under date of
13th of October.
60 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. |A.D. 1843
sundown, and I stayed at Brother Benjamin F. Johnson's
for the night.
Friday, 20. — In the evening I gave instructions to Ben-
jamin F. Johnson and others in relation to the blessings
of the everlasting covenant and the sealings of the Priest-
hood.
Elder John P. Greene returned from a Mission to the
State of New York, with about 100 emigrants, some of
them from Pennsylvania, who joined his company on the
way.
Warm, smoky day, with strong wind, very dark evening.
Saturday, 21. — We left Macedonia, and arrived home
about two p. m. Pleasant cool day.
Sunday, 22. — Meeting at the stand. Elder Rigdon
preached half-an hour on "Poor Rich Folks.' 1 '
I remained at home all day, and held a prayer-meeting
at^my house at two, p. m. ; tweuty-four persons present.
^Elders Young, Kimball, and G-eorge A. Smith returned
from their mission to the Eastern States,
Labors of the . .
Apostles in having, in connection with Elders Orson Pratt
and Wilford Woodruff, visited the branches in
Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Yersey, New York,
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hamp-
shire, and Maine; held conferences, set in order the
churches, collected tithings for the Temple and subscrip-
tions for the Nauvoo House, baptized many, and stirred
up a general system of gathering among the Saints in the
Eastern countries. They have been absent nearly four
months, and have accomplished a good work. I was very
glad to see them, and blessed them in the name of the
LordX Elders Daniel Spencer and Bradford Elliot also
returned from their missions, and quite a respectable
number of Saints came in their company.
Pleasant, cool day.
Monday, 23. — Those of the Twelve who returned from
the East yesterday visited me through the day, and paid
over the means they had received for the Temple and the
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 61
Nauvoo House. I immediately gave directions to send to
St. Louis for groceries and different articles necessary for
the Temple and the workmen thereon.
This morning President Hyrum Smith entered upon the
duties of his office, having previously been ap-
01 • -j_ l *.\ Hyrum Smith
pointed by the voice of the Spirit to supply me Appointed on
place of the late Elias Higbee, deceased, as ^g* ? *
one of the Temple Committee. On his arrival
at the Temple he was greeted by a hearty welcome from
those engaged on the works, and the universal feeling is
that great good will result from this appointment.
The day cloudy, with strong east wind.
Tuesday, 24.— William W. Phelps and Colonel Dunham
started for Springfield to see the Governor, and endeavor
to obtain from him the quota of State arms which belong
to the Legion.
Morning warm and pleasant ; afternoon wind west by
north. At four, a little rain, accompanied by snow, for
the first time this fall.
Wednesday, 25.— Ice one-third of an inch thick on small
bodies of water. Cloudy and cold day.
In the evening settled the taxes for the Temple and Nau-
voo House.
Eleven deaths in the city reported this week.
Friday, 27.— I was at home and received a visit from
Bishop George Miller and Elder Peter Haws, who have
just returned from their trip to Mississippi and Alabama-
Many emigrants have arrived in Nauvoo the last few
weeks.
Prayer-meeting at my house in the evening.
Saturday, 28.— Cold east wind. At home all day.
Sunday, 29.— Meeting at the stand, south side of the
Temple, from eleven, a. m. to two, p. m. Elders Brigham
Young and John Taylor preached. Dr. Willard Richards
called for a collection of $8, to buy a new book in which
to record history, which sum was made up.
At nine, a. m., Elders Richards, Miller and Haws
62
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. |A.D. 1813
ordained William C. Steffey (who was going to Texas on
business,) an Elder.
Two, p. m., prayer-meeting in my house; twenty-five
present. I gave instructions on the priesthood.
Monday, 30.— At nine, a. m., went to mayor's court,
and adjourned it for one week.
Twelve, noon, attended a court in the office, when the
parties agreed to leave their difficulty to be settled by the
arbitration of Brother Flagg.
I received $300 from Brother Spencer, and immediately
paid it to Dr. Robert D. Foster.
On account of the cold weather, most of the masons
have discontinued the work on the Temple.
Tuesday, 31.— At nine, a. m., Mr. Moore was brought
before me for a breach of city ordinance, which was
proved, and I fined him $5.
T rode out with Hyrum in the carriage to the prairie,
returning about three, p. m. Snow on the ground this
morning; cold east wind, and rain all day.
Wednesday, November 1, 1843.— In the evening there
was a prayer-meeting in the mansion; twenty-nine present.
Thursday, 2. — Sitting in council with Hyrum, Brigham
Young, HeberC. Kimball, Willard Richards, John Taylor,
William Law, and William Clayton, at ten, a. m., on the
subject of the following letter from Joseph L. Hey-
wood: —
Letter: Joseph L. Heywood to Joseph Smith.
Qijincy, October 23, 1843.
Crew. Joseph Smith.
Dear Sir,— In a conversation with Colonel Frierson. of this place, a
short time since, he expressed, in very warm terms, feelings of sym-
pathy for the wrongs yourself and brethren suffered in Missouri, as well
as his sense of the vindictive feelings the authorities of that State still
manifest towards you personally.
Mr. F. has not yet had the pleasure of a personal acquaintance with
yourself, although he says he had the pleasure of meeting your lady at
her sister's residence on Rock River. Mr. F. has been written by the
Hon. B. Rhett, of S. Carolina, upon the subject of the Persecution: and
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 63
Mr. F. thinks, of all men, he would be the best qualified to present a
petition in our behalf; and says, should such an arrangement meet your
approbation, he will use his influence in favor of a petition; and says
he knows of some honorable men in Missouri who, he has no doubt, are
anxious to wipe off the stain that rests upon them, by [making] some
just reparation.
I submit, by permission of Mr. F., a copy of a letter he has written
to a distinguished citizen of South Carolina, together with a circular put
out confidentially by the friends of Mr. Calhoun, of S. C, whom with
my present feelings I should cheerfully support for our next President,
and who, I have no doubt would be preferred, by the brethren to Mr.
Van Buren.
If the plan suggested of memorializing Congress should meet your
approbation, please inform me. Colonel Frierson promises his aid in
such an event, and says he would go to Nauvoo and assist in arranging
papers relative to such a step. Please accept my assurances of love
and esteem for yourself and family, and a prayer that wisdom from on
high may direct you in your deliberations.
I remain your brother in Christ,
_ Jos. L. Heywood.
\ We agreed to write a letter to the five candidates for the
Presidency of the United States, to inquire
i_ ii • « i- t t Letters to
what their reelings were towards us as a people, candidates for
and what their course of action would be in £^u* e ™ Y ° f
relation to the cruelty and oppression that we Decided u P° n
have suffered from the State of Missouri, if
they were elected. \
The Twelve Apostles published the following in the
Times and Seasons: —
An Epistle of the Iwelve, to the Elders and Churches Abroad.
On our late mission to the Eastern States, we discovered that the
publications at Nauvoo were very little patronised by the Saints and
branches in the various sections of the country where we passed, while
the common newspapers of the day received a liberal support by those
who pretend to "hunger and thirst after righteousness." We feel
justified, therefore, in reprobating such a course as detrimental to the
general good of the whole Church, that shows a lack of charity in the
Elders.
"Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles?"
Nauvoo at present is the seat of the First Presidency, the place of the
64 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. TA.D. 1843
gathering for all Saints, and the great center of the world for pure
religion, revelation, truth, virtue, knowledge, and everything else pre-
paratory to the coming of the Son of Man. The best news, the best
people, and the best plan of salvation must be there. Wherefore,
Resolved unanimously that the traveling Elders are hereby instructed
to use due diligence in obtaining subscribers for the Times and Seasons
and Nauvoo Neighbor, and forward the pay by safe hands to the
publishers at Nauvoo, that the Saints and the world may receive "line
upon line and precept upon precept, here a little and there a little,"
together with such extracts of translations and revelations as the Pres-
idency of the Church may direct, for the edification of the whole body
of the Church in righteousness.
Done in council at Nauvoo, Nov. 2nd, 1843.
Brigham Young,
President of the Twelve.
Willar.j Richards, Clerk.
Friday, 3rd. — I continued in council all day.
Died at sea, Elder Knowlton F. Hanks. The following
extract is from a letter of Addison Pratt, one of the
Pacific Islands missionaries: —
[Under this date there is inserted in the Prophet's History a long
letter from Elder Addison Pratt of the Pacific Island mission, describing
in great detail the last illness, death and burial at sea of Elder Knowl-
hon F. Hanks. Elder Hanks died of consumption; and of the death the
Prophet remarks: "Elder Hanks is the first Elder who has died at sea
while on a foreign mission. He was a faithful Elder, cut off by con-
sumption in the flower of his days."]
Saturday, 4. — Elders Richards and Taylor were with
me- at the Mansion, assisting writing letters.
-^^Vrote to John C. Calhoun as follows: —
President Smith's Letter to John C. Calhoun, and other Presidential
Candidates.
Hon. John C. Calhoun.
Dear Sir, — As we understand you are a candidate for the Presidency
at the next election; and as the Latter-day Saints (sometimes called
"Mormons," who now constitute a numerous class in the school polite of
this vast republic,) have been robbed of an immense amount of prop-
erty, and endured nameless sufferings by the State of Missouri, and
from her borders have been driven by force of arms, contrary to our
national covenants; and as in vain we have sought redress by all con-
stitutional, legal, and honorable means, in her courts, her executive
f
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE OHUECH. 65
councils, and her legislative halls; and as we have petitioned Congress
to take cognizance of our sufferings without effect, we have judged it
wisdom to address you this communication, and solicit an immediate,
specific, and candid reply to "What will be your rule of action relative
to us as a people," should fortune favor your ascension to the chief
magistracy?
Most respectfully, sir, your friend,
and the friend of peace, good order,
and constitutional rights,
Joseph Smith.
In behalf of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-dav Saints.
Similar letters were written to Gen. Lewis Cass, Hon.
Richard M. Johnson, Hon. Henry Clay, and President
Martin VanBuren.1 To Mr. Yan Buren's letter 1 added
the following: —
s Post Script to Van Bur en.
^-^Also whether your views or feelings have changed since the subject
matter of this communication was presented you in your then official
capacity at Washington, in the year 1841, and by you treatedjsvith a
coldness, indifference, and neglect, bordering on contempt.
Elder Wilford Woodruff: arrived at Nauvoo with paper
for the use of the printing office.
Sunday, 5. — Rode out with mother and others for her
health.
At dinner I was taken suddenly sick ; went to the door
and vomited all my dinner, dislocated my m ,
. i The Pr °P het
jaw, and raised fresh blood, and had many poisoned.
symptoms of being poisoned.
In the evening a prayer-meeting in the hall over the
store.
Mr. Cole having kept a school in the hall for some
time, the noise proved a nuisance for the clerks in the
history office, and I gave Dr. W. Richards orders to tell
Mr. Cole he must find some other room in which to teach
school, as the room is needed for councils.
Meeting at the stand. Elder Rigdon preached.
Received a letter, from Reuben Hedlock, dated Liver-
pool, October 16. He informs me there is a great call for
5 Vol. VI.
66 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
preaching, and many Elders are wanted throughout the
work m the British Isles. Much opposition. The Saints
British Mis- are anxious to have the Star continue its
sion.
publication, as 1,600 copies are circulated.
Also received a letter from Hyrum Clark, giving a
partial account of the business affairs of the emigration
and publishing offices.
Monday, 6. — Domestic affairs kept me busy in the
morning, and in the afternoon listened to William W.
Phelps giving a relation of his visit to the governor, which
amused me.
It has been very cool for some days past.
Elder Erastus Snow arrived with a company from Mas-
sachusetts • x'
Tuesday,.,/. — Mr. Cole moved the tables back into the
The Prophet's na ^' wnen Richards and Phelps called to
Anxiety con- report that the noise in the school disturbed
cerning the x
History of the them in the progress of writing the History.
I gave orders that Cole must look out for an-
other place, as the history must continue and not be
disturbed, as there are but few subjects that I have felt a
greater anxiety about than my history, which has been a
very difficult task, on account of the death of my best
clerks and the apostasy of others, and the stealing of
records by John Whitmer, Cyrus Smalling and others. >
The quorum of the Twelve — viz., President Brigham
Young, Parly P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff,
John Taylor, George A. Smith, and Willard Richards,
assembled in the mayor's office, and voted to raise $500 to
get paper, &c. , to print the Doctrine and Covenants.
Preliminary Also voted that Parley P. Pratt, Wilford
HsMnNauvoo Woodruff , and John Taylor be a committee to
Doctrinelnd borrow or get the money, and that President
Covenants. Young go along with them.
Wednesday, 8. — From nine to eleven, a. m., had an
interview with Richards and Phelps, read and heard read
part of my history, then attended to settling some accounts
AD. 1843J HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 67
with several individuals. In the afternoon, I examined a
sample of fringe designed for the pulpits of the Temple ;
and from two to three, conversed with Phelps, Lewis,
John Butler and others.
The Neighbor has the following: —
Misrepresentations Corrected.
We know that statements made by the Carthage mob in their reso-
lutions, as published in the late Warsaiv Message, were false. We also
felt convinced that the parties themselves were apprized of that fact,
and that it was a thing generally understood by the public; and there-
fore we did not trouble ourselves about it. But having the following
testimonies and affidavits sent us for publication, we insert them for the
information of those who may not have had opportunities of informing
themselves relative to this subject.
State of Illinois,
ss.
Lee County.
"}
We the undersigned citizens of the town of Dixon, county of Lee,
State of Illinois, being duly sworn according to law, depose and say
that we have seen the article entitled "Statement of facts connected
with the arrest of Joseph Smith and his discharge therefrom," published
in the Warsaiv Message of the date of 15th of July, A.D. 1843; and have
also seen an editorial article in the same number of said paper, in which
it is stated that said statement of facts wai furnished by E. Southwick,
one of Mr. Smith's attorneys in said case; and that we know the fact
stated in that statement — to wit, that Reynolds, for a considerable
length of time immediately after his arrival at Dixon, did peremptorily
refuse to allow Smith a private interview with his counsel; and that
said Reynolds did expressly state that no conversation could be had with
Smith by his attorneys, unless he, Reynolds, was present at such con-
versation.
The length of time which such refusal to allow said private conversa-
tion continued, was, in the belief of these deponents, at least one hour;
and that such private conversation was not permitted by Reynolds, until
after being informed by at least twe of these deponents (Messrs. Dixon
and Sanger) that such private interview must be allowed Mr. Smith, as
that was a right he had guaranteed to him by law.
John Dixon, J. D. McComsay,
Isaac Robinson, J. Albert Helfenstein,
L. P. Sanger. S. G. Patrick,
E. Southwick.
68 HISTOKY 01 THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1843
Sworn and subscribed to before me at Dixon, this 29th day of
July, 1843.
Frederick R. Dutcher,
Justice of the Peace for Lee County, 111.
We, the undersigned, state under oath that we traveled in company
with Joseph H. Reynolds, the agent of the State of Missouri, from
Dixon to Nauvoo, at the time he. had Joseph Smith in custody with the
intention of taking him to Missouri, between the 26th of June last and
the 1st instant; and that the Mormons, friends of Mr. Smith, who met
us on said journey, before we arrived at Nauvoo, conducted themselves,
so far as we could perceive and were able to judge, with the strictest
propriety; and to our knowledge made use of no means of intimidation
towards either H. T. Wilson or said Reynolds; but, on the contrary,
several of them, and said Smith among that number, pledged them-
selves that said Wilson and Reynolds should be personally safe; and
that said Mormons, none of them as we could perceive, were armed, so
far as was discernible; and further, that the statement made in the
Old School Democrat of the 12th instant, over the signature of T. H-
Reynolds, that he and said Wilson were disarmed soon after they were
arrested on the trespass suit commenced against them by said Smith,
and that their arms were not returned to them until after the said
Smith's discharge at Nauvoo, was incorrect. And in relation to this,
these deponents say that said Wilson and Raynolds were arrested on
said action of trespass at Dixon, on Saturday morning, the 24th of June
last. That they were riot disarmed by the sheriff of Lee county, who
had them in custody, nor by any other person, until the following day,
at Paw-paw Grove, thirty- two miles distant from Dixon; and that the
arms of said Wilson and Reynolds were restored to them by the said
sheriff of Lee county, who had them in custody for default of bail, at
their (Wilson and Reynolds') own request, while on the journey from
Dixon to Nauvoo, before the company had arrived within at least eigthy
miles of Nauvoo.
J. D. McComsay,
L. P. Sanger,
E. Southwtck,
S. G. Patrick.
Sworn and subscribed to before my, at Dixon, this 29th day of July,
A.D. 1843.
Frederick R. Dutcher,
Justice of the Peace.
lo the Editor of the Warsaw Message:
Gentlemen: — It appears from an article in your paper of the 15th of
July under the editorial head, that there is a question of veracity therein
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 69
raised, between Mr. H. T. Wilson and myself, relative to the proceed
ings had after the late arre?t by him of Joseph Smith. Now, in order
that the public may no longer be deceived in the premises, be pleased
to publish, together with this note, the above affidavits, that the charge
of falsehood may attach where it properly belongs.
Very respectfully yours,
E. SOUTHWICK.
Dixon, July 29, i843.
I wrote to the Times and Seasons : —
Communication oj President Joseph Smith to the Saints.
Messrs. laylor and Woodruff:
It has been so long since I addressed the Saints through the medium
of the Times and Seasons, that I feel confident that a few words from
my pen, by way of advice, will be well received, as well as a "way-
mark" to guide the "faithful" in future. I was sorry to learn, by your
remarks upon the resolutions of the "Twelve" concerning your papers,
which appeared not long since, that many of the Saints abroad were
more apt to patronize the common newspapers of the day than yours,
for the important reason that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints has the words of eternal life, and your paper, as it has hitherto
done, must continue to publish such portions of them for the benefit of
the Saints and the salvation of mankind as wisdom shall from time to
time direct.
Freedom is a sweet blessing. Men have a right to take and read
what papers they please; "but do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs
of thistles'?" It certainly is no more than just to suppose that charity
begins at home; and if so, what must such as profess to be Saints think,
when they patronize the splendor of Babylon and leave the virtue of
Zion to linger for want of bread?
Beside which, if virtue is justified rather than vanity, the best of
everything calculated to happify man and dignify society will— yea,
must bo in Nauvoo. And as the new commandment given anciently
was to love one another, even so tho works of the Saints at home and
abroad will bear its own testimony whether they love the brethren.
In all the world the Times and Seasons is the only paper that virtually
sustains, according to the forms of Scripture and prophecy, "Apostles,
Prophets, Evangelists," and revelations. And what shall be said of
him that, like the "Levite," passes on the other side of the way, when
we behold men who "have borne the heat and the burden of the day"
struggling against the popular opinions of a vain world, the burlesque
of a giddy throng, the vulgarity of a self-wise multitude, and tne false-
hoods of what may justly be termed the "civilized meanness of the
70 H1STOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
age," and not lending a helping hand? The 25th chapter of Matthew-
contains the simple answer.
Now, let me say once for all, like the Psalmist of old, "How good
and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity." "As
the precious ointment upon the head that ran down upon Aaron's
beard, that went down to the skirts of his garments, as the dew of
Hermon that descended upon the mountains of Zion," is such unity;
for there the Lord commanded the blessing, even life for evermore! "
Unity is power; and when the brethren as one man sustain the Times
and Seasons, they sustain me, by giving a spread to the revelations,
faith, works, history and progress of the Church. The brethren who
conduct the paper have been appointed to that important station,
because they are worthy and well qualified; and what a blessed sign of
a faithful friend to God and man is it to see the charity of a brother
support his brethren, as an evidence that he means to pass from death
into lite?
Many of the articles which appear in the Times and Seasons are
extracts of revelations, translations, or are the united voice of con-
ferences, which, like "apples of gold in pictures of silver,'' are treasures
more than meat for the called, chosen and faithful among the Saints,
and should be more than drink to those that hunger and thirst after
righteousness. As Nauvoo is rising in glory and greatness, so shall I
expect to see the Times and Seasons increase in circulation by the
vigilance of the Elders and Saints, so as to be a herald of truth and a
standard of pure and undefiled religion. Finally, men and brethren,
when you support my friends, you support me. In the bonds of the
new and everlasting covenant,
I am your humble servant,
Joseph Smith,
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
CHAPTER IV.
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN JAMES ARLINGTON BENNETT AND
PRESIDENT JOSEPH SMITH— RENEWAL OF PETITIONS TO
CONGRESS FOR REDRESS OF MISSOURI GRIEVANCES— PRES-
IDENT JOSEPH SMITH'S APPEAL TO THE "GREEN MOUNTAIN
BOYS"— VERMONT— STATUS OF THE NAUVOO LEGION IN
ILLINOIS MILITIA.
Thursday, November, 9, 1843.— At the office, dictating
letters and signing deeds.
The missionaries to the Pacific Islands touched at Cape
de Verde Islands, and laid in a supply of fruits of various
kinds.
Saturday, 11.— A company of Saints arrived from Eng-
land. The work is still prospering in that prosperity
pountrv novertv and distress are making of the Work
^ J ' r : , . ,. - ,, , , in England.
rapid strides, and the situation of the laboring
classes is getting every day more deplorable.
City Council met. Hyrum Smith, president pro tern.
Albert P. Rockwood assessor and collector for 1st ward;
Daniel Hendricks for 2nd ward; Jonathan H. Hale, 3rd
ward; and Henry Gr. Sherwood for 4th ward.
Sunday, 12.— Prayer-meeting in the evening, in the
south-east room of my old house.
Clear, cold.
Monday 1- 3.— Having received a letter from James
Arlington Bennett, Esq., I copy it:—
Letter: James Arlington Bennett to President Joseph Synith.
Arlington House, Oct. 24, 1843.
De\r General:— I am happy to know that you have taken possession
of your new establishment, and presume you will be eminently success-
ful and happy in it, together with your good lady and family.
You are no doubt already aware that I have had a most interesting
visit from your most excellent and worthy friend, President B. Young,
with whom I have had a glorious frolic in the clear blue ocean ; for
72 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
most assuredly a frolic it was, without a moment's reflection or
consideration.
Nothing of this kind would in the least attach me to your person or
cause. I am capable of being a most undeviating friend, without being
governed by the smallest religious influence.
As you have proved yourself to be a philosophical divine, you will
excuse me when I say that we must leave their influence to the mass.
The boldness of your plans and measures, together with their unpar-
alleled success so far, are calculated to throw a charm over your whole
being, and to point you out as the most extraordinary man of the
present age.
But my mind is of so mathematical and philosophical a cast, that the
divinity of Moses makes no impression on me, and you will not be of-
fended when I say that I rate you higher as a legislator than I do Moses,
because we have you present with us for examination, whereas Moses
derives his chief authority from prescription and the lapse of time.
I cannot, however, say but you are both right, it being out of the
power of man to prove you wrong. It is no mathematical problem, and
can therefore get no mathematical solution. I say, therefore Go
a-head: you have my good wishes. You know Mahomet had his 'Wight
hand man.''''
The celebrated Thomas Brown, at New York, is now engaged in
cutting your head on a beautiful cornelian stone, as your private seal,
which will be set in gold to your order, and sent to you. It will be a
gem, and just what you want. His sister is a member of your Church.
The expense of this seal, set in gold, will be about $40; and Mr. Brown
assures me that if he were not so poor a man, he would present it to
you free.
You can, however, accept it or not, as he can apply to it another use.
I am myself short for cash; for although I had sometime since $2,000
paid me by the Harpers, publishers, as the first instalment on the pur-
chase of my copyright, yet I had got so much behind during the hard
times, that it all went to clear up old scores. I expect $38,000 more,
however, in semi-annual payments, from those gentlemen, within the
limits of ten years; a large portion of which I intend to use in the
State of Illinois, in the purchase and conduct of a large tract of land;
and therefore should I be compelled to announce in this quarter that I
have no connection with the Nauvoo Legion, you will of course remain
silent, as I shall do it in such a way as will make all things right.
I may yet run for a high office in your state, when you would be sure
of my best services in your behalf; therefore, a known connection with
you would be against our mutual interest. It can be shown that a
commission in the Legion was a Herald hoax, coined for the fun of it
A.D. 1843J HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 73
by me, as it is not believed even now by the public. In short, I expect
to be yet, through your influence, governor of the State of Illinois.
My respects to Brothers Young, Eichards, Mrs. Emma, and all
friends.
Yours most respectfully,
James Arlinton Bennett.
P.S. — As the office of inspector-general confers no command on me.
being a mere honorary title, — if, therefore, there is any gentleman in
Nauvoo who would like to fill it in a practical way, I shall with great
pleasure and good- will resign it to him, by receiving advice from you to
that effect. It is an office that should be filled by some scientific officer.
J. A. B.
I iDsert my reply: —
Letter: President Joseph Smith to James Arlington Bennett.
Nauvoo, Illinois, Nov. 13, 1843.
Dear Sir: — Your letter of the 24th alt. has been regularly received,
its contents duly appreciated, and its whole tenor candidly considered;
and, according to my manner of judging all things in righteousness, I
proceed to answer you, and shall leave you to meditate whether "ma-
thematical problems," founded upon the truth of revelation, or religion
as promulgated by me, or by Moses, can be solved by rules and prin-
ciples existing in the systems of common knowledge.
How far you are capable of being "a most undeviating friend,
without being governed by the smallest religious influence," will best
be decided by your survivors, as all past experience most assuredly
proves. Without controversy, that friendship which intelligent beings
would accept as sincere must arise from love, and that love grow out of
virtue, which is as much a part of religion as light is a part of Jehovah.
Hence the saying of Jesus, "Greater love hath no man than this, that a
man lay down his life for his frieuds."
You observed, "as I have proven myself to be a philosophical divine"
I must excuse you when you say that we must leave these influences to
the mass. The meaning of "philosophical divine" may be taken in
various ways. If, as the learned world apply the term, you infer that
I have achieved a victory, and been strengthened by a scientific religion,
as practiced by the popular sects of the age, through the aid of colleges,
seminaries, Bible societies, missionary boards, financial organizations,
and gospel money schemes, then you are wrong. Such a combination
of men and means shows a form of godliness without the power; for is
it not written, "I will destroy the wisdom of the wise." "Beware lest any
man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the rudiments
of the world, and not after the doctrines of Christ." But if the infer-
ence is that by more love, more lierht, more virtue, and more truth
74 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A. D. 1843
from the Lord, I have succeeded as a man of God, then you reason
truly, though the weight of the sentiment is lost, when the "influence is
left to the mass.'' 1 "Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles'?*'
Of course you follow out the figure, and say, the boldness of my
plans and measures, together with their unparalleled success, so far, are
calculated to throw a charm over my whole being, and to point me out
as the most extraordinary man of the present age! The boldness of my
plans and measures can readily be tested by the touchstone of all
schemes, systems, proiects, and adventures — truth; for truth is a matter
of fact; and the fact is, that by the power of God I translated the Book
of Mormon from hieroglyphics, the knowledge of which was lost to the
world, in which wonderful event I stood alone, an unlearned youth, to
combat the worldly wisdom and multiplied ignorance of eigtheen cen-
turies, with a new revelation, which (if they would receive the ever-
lasting Gospel,) would open the eyes of more than eight hundred
millions of people, and make "plain the old paths," wherein if a man
walk in all the ordinances of God blameless, he shall inherit eternal
life; and Jesus Christ, who was, and is, and is to come, has borne me
safely over every snare and plan laid in secret or openly, through
priestly hypocrisy, sectarian prejudice, popular philosophy, executiye
power, or law-defying mobocracy, to destroy me.
If, then, the hand of God in all these things that I have accom-
plished towards the salvation of a priest-ridden generation, in the short
space of twelve years, through the boldness of the plan of preaching
the Gospel, and the boldness of the means of declaring repentance and
baptism for the remission of sins, and a reception of the Holy Ghost
by laying on of the hands, agreeably to the authority of the Priesthood,
and the still more bold measures of receiving direct revelation from
God, through the Comforter, as promised, and by which means all holy
men from ancient times till now have spoken and revealed the will of
God to men, with the consequent "success" of the gathering of the
Saints, throws any "charm'' around my being, and "points me out as the
most extraordinary man of the age," it demonstrates the fact that truth
is mighty and must prewail, and that one man empowered from Jehovah
has more influence with the children of the kingdom than eight hundred
millions led by the precepts of men. God exalts the humble, and de-
bases the haughty.
But let me assure you in the name of Jesus, "who spake as never
man spake,'' that the "boldness of the plans and measures,'' as you term
them, but which should be denominated the righteousness of the cause,
the truth of the system, and power of God, which "so far" has borne me
and the Church, (in which I glory in having the privilege of being a
member,) successfully through the storm of reproach, folly, ignorance,
A.D. 1843.1 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. ?5
malice, persecution, falsehood, sacerdotal wrath, newspaper satire,
pamphlet libels, and the combined influence of the powers of earth and
hell, — I say these powers of righteousness and truth are not the decrees
or rules of an ambitious and aspiring Nimrod, Pharaoh, Nebuchad-
nezzar, Alexander, Mahomet, Bonaparte, or other great sounding
heroes that dazzled forth with a trail of pomp and circumstances for a
little season, like a comet, and then disappeared, leaving a wide waste
where such an existence once was, with only a name; nor where the
glorious results of what you term "boldness of plans and measures,"
with the attendant "success,'' matured by the self-aggrandizing wisdom
of the priests of Baal, the scribes and Pharisees of thp Jews, popes and
bishops of Christendom, or pagans of Juggernaut: nor were they ex-
tended by the divisions and subdivisions of a Luther or Calvin, a
Wesley, or even a Campbell, supported by a galaxy of clergymen and
churchmen, of whatever name or nature, bound apart by cast-iron
creeds, and fastened to set stakes by chain-cable o pinions, without
revelation. Nor are they the lions of the land, or the leviathans of the
sea, moving among the elements, as distant chimeras to fatten the
fancy of the infidel; but they are as the stone cut out of the mountain
without hands, and will become a great mountain, and fill the whole
earth.* *****
It seems that your mind is of such "a mathematical and phi-
losophical cast," that the divinity of Moses makes no impression upon
you, and that I will not be offended when you say that you rate me
higher as a legislator than you do Moses, because you have me present
with you for examination; that "Moses derives his chief authority from
prescription and the lapse of time." You cannot, however, say but we are
both right, it being out of the power of man to prove us wrong. "It is no
mathematical problem, and can therefore get no mathematical solution."
* The omitted part of the letter is a paragraph in which are quoted a number of
foreign phrases from Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, German, Portuguese and other
tongues; which are in no way germane to the subject discussed, but are a mere
pedantic display, doubtless admitted, in this instance, in a spirit of humor by
President Smith, as an offset to Bennett's assumption of so lofty an intellect — a
mind of "so mathematical and philosophical a cast — that the divinity of Moses," etc.,
made no "impression" on him. The display of foreign phrases was doubtless the
work of W. W. Phelps, who had some smattering knowledge of languages, which
he was ever fond of displaying. Unfortunately similar displays were injected into
President Smith's appeal to his native state— Vermont; and his paper, "Views of
the Powers and Policy of the Government of the United States." These injections
were also doubtless the work of Elder Phelps, who was one of the Prophet's clerks
and amenuenses when the documents named above were prepared. Because
these displavs of pedantry mar these documents, and are in no way germane to
the subjects of which they treat, and are not really the work of President Smith,
they arc omitted from the papers referred to as published in this History, the
omission being indicated by elipses signs.
76 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Now, sir, to cut the matter short, and not dally with your learned
ideas, for fashion's sake you have here given your opinion, without
reserve, that revelation, the knowledge of God, prophetic vision, the
truth of eternity, cannot be solved as a mathematical problem. The
first question then is, What is a mathematical problem? and the natural
answer is, A statement, proposition or question that can be solved,
ascertained, unfolded or demonstrated by knowledge, facts or figures;
for "mathematical'' is an adjective derived from mathesis (Gr.), meaning,
in English, learning or knowledge. "Problem'' is derived from prob-
leme (French), or problema (Italian, or Spanish), and in each
language means a question or proposition, whether true or false.
"Solve" is derived from the Latin verb "solvo," to explain or answer.
One thing more in order to prove the work as we proceed. It is
necessary to have witnesses, two or three of whose testimonies, ac-
cording to the laws or rules of God and man, are sufficient to establish
any one point.
Now for the question. How much are one and one? Two. How
much is one from two? One. Very well; one question or problem is
solved by figures. Now, let me ask one for facts: Was there ever
such a place on the earth as Egypt? Geography says yes; ancient his-
tory says yes; and the Bible says yes: so three witnesses have solved
that question. Again: Lived there ever such a man as Moses in Egypt?
The same witnesses reply, Certainly. And was he a Prophet? The
same witnesses, or a part, have left on record that Moses predicted in
Leviticus that if Israel broke the covenant they had made, the Lord
would scatter them among the nations, till the land enjoyed her Sab-
baths: and, subsequently, these witnesses have testified of their cap-
tivity in Babylon and other places, in fulfillment. But to make assu-
rance doubly sure, Moses prays that the ground might open and swal-
low up Korah and his company for transgression, and it was so: and
he endorses the prophecy of Balaam, which said, Out of Jacob shall
come he that shall have dominion, and shall destroy him that re-
maineth of the city: and Jesus Christ, as Him that "had dominion," about
fifteen hundred years after, in accordance with this and the prediction
of Moses, David, Isaiah, and many others, came, saying, Moses wrote
of me, declaring the dispersion of the Jews, and the utter destruction
of the city; and the Apostles were his witnesses, unimpeached, espe-
cially Jude, who not only endorses the facts of Moses "divinity,'' but
also the events of Balaam and Korah, with many others, as true.
Besides these tangible facts, so easily proven and demonstrated by
simple rules and testimony unimpeached, the art (now lost,) of em-
balming human bodies, and preserving them in the catacombs of Egypt,
whereby men, women and children, as mummies, after a lapse of near
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 77
three thousand Ato hundred years, come forth among the living; and
although dead, the papyrus which has lived in their bosoms, unharmed-
speaks for them in language like the sound of an earthquake. Ecce
Veritas! Ecce cadaveros! Behold the truth! Behold the mummies!
Oh, my dear sir, the sunken Tyre and Sidon, the melancholy dust
where' the city of Jerusalem once was, and the mourning of the Jews
among the nations, together with such a cloud of witnesses, if you had
been as well acquainted with your God and Bible as with your purse
and pence table, the divinity of Moses would have dispelled the fog of
five thousand years and filled you with light; for facts, like diamonds,
not only cut glass, but they are the most precious jewels on earth. The
spirit of prophecy is the testimony of Jesus.
The world at large is ever ready to credit the writings of Homer.
Hesiod, Plutarch, Socrates, Pythagoras, Virgil, Josephus. Mahomet,
and an hundred others; but where, tell me, where, have they left a
line— a simple method of solving the truth of the plan of eternal life?
Says the Savior, "If any man will do his [the Father's] will, he shall
know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of my-
self." Here, then, is a method of solving the divinity of men by the
divinity within yourself, that as far exceeds the calculations of numbers
as the sun exceeds a candle. Would to God that all men understood it
and were willing to be governed by it, that when one had filled the
measure of his days, he could exclaim like Jesus, Veni mori, et
reviviscere ! ' '
Your good wishes to go ahead, coupled with Mahomet and a right
hand man, are rather more vain than virtuous. Why, sir, Caesar had
his right hand Brutus, who was his left hand assassin,— not, however,
applying the allusion to you.
As to the private seal you mention, if sent to me, I shall receive it
with the gratitude of a servant of God, and pray that the donor may
receive a reward in the resurrection of the just.
The summit of your future fame seems to be hid in the political
policy of a " mathematical problem' ' for the chief magistracy of this state ,
which I suppose might be solved by "double position," where the
errors of the supposition are used to produce a true answer.
But, sir, when I leave the dignity and honor I received from heaven,
to boost a man into power, through the aid of my friends, where the
evil and designing, after the object has been accomplished, can lock up
the clemency intended as a reciprocation for such favors, and where
the wicked and unprincipled, as a matter of course, would seize the
opportunitv to flintify the hearts of the nation against me for dabbling
at a sly game in politics,— verily I say, when I leave the dignity and
honor of heaven, to gratify the ambition and vanity of man or men,
78 HISTORY OP THE CHURCH f A.D. 1843
may my power cease, like the strength of Samson, when he was shorn
of his locks, while asleep in the lap of Delilah. Truly said the Savior,
"Cast not your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their
feet, and turn again and rend you."
Shall I, who have witnessed the visions of eternity, and beheld the
glorious mansions of bliss, and the regions and the misery of the
damned -shall I turn to be a Judas? Shall I, who have heard the
voice of God, and communed with angels, and spake as moved by the
Holy Ghost for the renewal of the everlasting covenant, and for the
gathering of Israel in the last days— shall I worm mvself into a politi-
cal hypocrite? Shall I, who hold the keys of the last kingdom, in which
is the dispensation of the fullness of all things spoken by the mouths
of all the holy Prophets since the world began, under the sealing power
of the Melchisedec Priesthood —shall I stoop from the sublime authority
of Almighty God, to be handled as a monkey's cat-paw, and petrify
myself into a clown to act the farce of political demagoguery? No—
verily no! The whole earth shall bear me witness that I, like the
towering rock in the midst of the ocean, which has withstood the
mighty surges of the warring waves for centuries, am impregnable, and
am a faithful friend to virtue, and a fearless foe to vice,— no odds
whether the former was sold as a pearl in Asia or hid as a gem in
America, and the latter dazzles in palaces or glimmers among the tombs.
I combat the errors of ages; I meet the violence of mobs; I cope
with illegal proceedings from executive authority; I cut the gordian
knot of powers, and I solve mathematical problems of universities,
with truth— diamond truth; and God is my "right hand man."*
And to close, let me say in the name of Jesus Christ to you, and to
presidents, emperors, kings, queens, governors, rulers, nobles, and
men in authority everywhere, Do the works of righteousness, execute
justice and judgment in the earth, that God may bless you and her
inhabitants; and
The laurel that grows on the top of the mountain
Shall green for your fame while the sun sheds a ray;
And the lily that blows by the side of the fountain
Will bloom for your virtue till earth melts away.
With due consideration and respect, I have the honor to be
Your most obedient servant, Joseph Smith.
P.S. The court-martial will attend to your case in the Nauvco
Legion. j g_
* Not in the blasphemous sense attributed to him by some anti-Mormon writers ;
namely, that God was subordinate to him— his right hand man (See Riley's "Pound-
er of Mormonism" ch. x) ; but in the sense of the passage near the close of his ad-
dress to "The Green Mountain Boys" (this chapter)-"And Jesus Christ, the Son
of God, is my Great Counselor" — reverently said.
A.U. 1843] H1ST0BY OF THE CHUKCH,
79
Tuesday, 14.— In the evening called at the office with
Mr. Southwick, of Dixon, and had my letter to James
Arlington Bennett read.
Wednesday, 15.— Mayor's court in the office. "Erskine
versus Pullen." Nonsuit.
P. M. At the office. Suggested the idea of preparing
a grammar of the Egyptian language. Grammar for
Prayer-meeting at the old house. I spoke the Egyptian
of a petition to Congress, my letter to Bennett, s^IS.
and intention to write a proclamation to the
kings of the earth.
Thursday, 16.— Held a court — "Averett versus
Bostwick. ' '
At home the remainder of the day. Chilly east wind
and foggy.
Friday, 17.— Deeded lot 4, block 135, to Sally Phelps,
wife of W. W. Phelps.
About ten, a.m., called in the office with Esquire South-
wick, of Dixon.
Thunder, lightning and rain last night. Warm and
foggy morning.
Saturday, 18.— Bode out on horseback to the prairie,
accompanied by Mr. Southwick.
Conference of the church held at Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Robert Dixon, president; Edward Cook, secretary. Two
branches were represented, containing 2 Elders, 1
Teacher, 2 Deacons, and 34 members.
Sunday, 19.— Eleven a.m. to two p.m., prayer-meeting
at the old house, and fasting.
In the evening, prayer-meeting and breaking of bread,
&c.
Monday, 20.— Two gentlemen from Vermont put up at
the Mansion. I rode round with them in the Meetingatthe
afternoon to show them the improvements in g^ 6 *' 8
the city. In the evening, several of the Twelve
and others called to visit me. My family sang hymns,
80 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
and Elder John Taylor prayed and gave an address, to
which they paid great attention, and seemed very much
interested.
Tuesday, 21.— Council of the Twelve and others at
my old house all day. Dictated to my clerk an appeal
to the Green Mountain boys of Vermont, my native
State.
Also instructed Elders Eichards, Hyde, Taylor and
Phelps to write a "Proclamation to the Kings of the
Earth."
Wednesday, 22.— Rode out to the prairie with W. Clay-
ton and Lorenzo D. Wasson, and found Arthur Smith
cutting timber on my land without my consent, which I
objected to.
Prayer-meeting in the evening at the old house.
Five deaths in the city during the past week.
Thursday, 23.— Met in council in the old house; then
walked down to the river to look at the stream,
t C h a e n Rapids Und rocks, &c, about half-past eleven, a.m. Sug-
gested the idea of petitioning Congress for a '
grant to make a canal over the falls, or a dam to turn the
water to the city, so that we might erect mills and other
machinery.*
Issued a writ of habeas corpus, on application of John
M. Finch.
Friday, 24.— Attended Municipal Court "on habeas
corpus, John M. Finch at suit of Amos Davis." Finch
discharged, Davis to pay costs, it being a vexatious and
malicious suit.
The young men have established a debating society in
Nauvoo, to discuss topics of various descriptions.
• The General Government finally constructed a canal around the rapids at a
coast of $4,582,000, completing the work in 1877. The canal is seven and a half
miles in length and has in it three locks, overcoming the obstruction in river navi-
gation which the Des Moines rapids in early days presented. It is called the Des
Moines Rapids Canal.
A.D. 1843) HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 81
Saturday, 25. — Colonel Frierson, United States Sur-
veyor from Quincy, arrived in Nauvoo. "In ThePropbet , s
the evening the High Council sat on the case » tand on
. L . Chastity and
or Harrison bagers, charged with seduction, General
and having stated that I had taught it was
right. Charge not sustained. I was present with several
of the Twelve, and gave an address tending to do away with
every evil, and exhorting them to practice virtue and holi-
ness before the Lord ; told them that the Church had not
received any permission from me to commit fornication,
adultery, or any corrupt action; but my every word and
action has been to the contrary. If a man commit adultery,
he cannot receive the celestial kingdom of God. Even if
he is saved in any kingdom, it cannot be the celestial
kingdom. I did think that the many examples that have
been made manifest, such as John C. Bennett's and others,
were sufficient to show the fallacy of such a course of
conduct.
I condemned such actions in toto, and warned the people
present against committing such evils ; for it will surely
bring a curse upon any person who commits such deeds.
After adjournment, held a council, and agreed to meet
Mr. Frierson* at the Mansion to morrow morning.
I received a letter signed by George B. Wallace and six
other Elders, requesting permission for Elder John E.
Page to remain in Boston the ensuing winter. Also a
letter from John E. Page, giving his assent to the petition,
to which the Twelve Apostles wrote the following
reply : —
Letter: Brigham loung in Behalf of the Tioelve to Elder John E. Page,
Appointing him, to go to Washington.
Elder John E. Page':
Beloved Brother: — Your letter dated at Boston, in connection with
* This Col. Frierson resided at Quincy, was a political representative of John C
Calhoun, then an active aspirant for the presidency of the United States. See letter
of Joseph L. Heywood, pp. 62, 63.
6 Vol. VI.
82 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 184a
some one hundred and fifty of the brethren, is received, and we proceed
to reply. Your letter is not before us this moment; consequently you
must excuse a reference to dates and names which have escaped our
recollection. But the subject is fresh, and the letter was read in a
council of Presidents Joseph, Hyrutn, and the Twelve, when the word
of the Lord came through Joseph the Seer thus: — "Let my servant
John E. Page take his departure speedily from the city of Boston, and
go directly to the city of Washington, and there labor diligently in
proclaiming my Gospel to the inhabitants thereof: and if he is humble
and faithful, lo! I will be with him, and will give him the hearts of the
people, that he may do them good and build up a church unto my
name in that city."
Now, Brother Page, if you wish to follow counsel and do the will of
the Lord, as we believe you desire to do, call the church at Boston
together, without delay, and read this letter to them, calling upon
them to assist you on your mission, and go thy way speedily unto the
place which is appointed unto you by the voice of the Lord, and build
up a church in the city of Washington; for it is expedient and ab-
solutely necessary that we have a foothold in that popular city. Let
your words be soft unto the people, but full of the spirit and power of
the Holy Ghost. Do not challenge the sects for debate, but treat them as
brethren and friends; and the God of heaven will bless you, and we will
bless you in the name of the Lord Jesus, and the people will rise up
and bless you, and call you a sweet messenger of peace. You will
pardon us for giving you such counsel, for we feel to do it in the name
of the Lord.
When you have built a church at Washington so as to warrant the
expense. It will be wisdom for you to send or take your wife to Wash-
ington; so says President Joseph.
All things go on smoothly here. As to the reports circulated while
we were in Boston, there is nothing of them. Brother Joseph has com-
menced living in his new house, and enjoys himself well. He has raised
a sign, entitled "Nauvoo Mansion," and has all the best company in the
city. Many strangers from abroad call on him, feeling perfect liberty
so to do, since he has made his house public; and it is exerting a bles-
sed influence on the public mind.
The Temple has been progressing rapidly until the recent frosts.
The walls are now above the windows of the first story, and some of
the circular windows are partly laid. The brethren of the Twelve have
all arrived home, are tolerably well, and their families, except Sister
Hyde, who has been very sick, and is yet, though at last report rather
better. No prospect of any of the Twelve leaving home this winter
A.D. 18431 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 83
that we know of. Elder Snow has arrived with his company from
Boston, generally in good spirits.
The devil howls some: may be you will hear him as far as Boston,
for there cannot a blackleg be guilty of any crime in Nauvoo, but
somebody will lay it to the servants of God. We shall give the sub-
stance of this communication to your wife same mail.
We remain your brother in the new and everlasting covenant, in
behalf of the quorum,
Brigham YOUNG, President.
W. Richards, Clerk.
Sunday, 26. — I met with Hyrum, the Twelve and
others, in council with Colonel Frierson, at the
... Renewal of
Mansion, concerning petitioning Congress tor Petitions to
redress of grievances. Read to hini the affi-
davits of Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, Parley P. Pratt,
Lyman Wight, George W. Pitkin and Sidney Rigdon,
taken before the municipal court on habeas corpus, and
conversed with him thereon.
At eleven, a.m., Elder Orson Pratt preached in the
Assembly Room.
In the evening, Elder Parley P. Pratt lectured in the
Mansion. Rainy, muddy day.
Monday, 27. — Wet day. Being quite unwell, I stayed
at home.
Tuesday, 28. — At home. Colonel Frierson wrote a
Memorial to Congress.*
Wednesday , 29. — At home. Clear and cold. Colonel
Frierson left for home, taking with him a copy of the
Memorial, to get signers in Quincy. I here insert a
copy of the —
*The reason Col. John Frierson interested himself in this matter was that Hon. R.
B. Rhett a representative in the National Congress from South Carolina, and a polit-
ical friend of John C. Calhoun, had expressed a willingness to present to Congress
a memorial for a redress of grievances suffered by the Saints in Missouri; and of
course all this in the interest of Calhoun as candidate for President. See pp. 62,63;
also Naavoo Neighbor for the 5th June, 1844.
84 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
MEMORIAL.
lo the Honorable the Senate and House of 'Representatives of the United
States, in Congress Assembled.
The memorial of the undersigned inhabitants of Hancock county,
in the State of Illinois, respectfully showeth —
That they belong to the society of Latter-day Saints, commonly
called "Mormons;" that a portion of our people commenced settling in
Jackson county, Missousi, in the summer of 1831, where they purchased
lands and settled upon them with the intention and expectation of be-
coming permanent citizens in common with others.
From a very early period after the settlement began, a very un-
friendly feeling was manifested by the neighboring people; and as the
society increased, this unfriendly spirit also increased, until it degen-
erated into a cruel and unrelenting persecution, and the society was at
last compelled to leave the county. An account of these unprovoked
persecutions has been published to the world; yet we deem it not im-
proper to embody a few of the most prominent items in the memorial,
and lay them before your honorable body.
On the 20th July, 1833, a mob collected at Independence, a deputation
or committee from which called upon a few members of our Church
there, and stated to them that the store, printing office, and all mechanic
shops belonging to our people must be closed forthwith, and the society
leave the county immediately.
These conditions were so unexpected and so hard, that a short time
was asked for to consider on the subject before an answer could be
given, which was refused; and when some of our men answered that
they could not consent to comply with such propositions, the work of
destruction commenced.
The printing office — a valuable two-story brick building, was de-
stroyed by the mob, and with it much valuable property. They next
we at to the store for the same purpose; but one of the owners thereof
agreeing to close it, they abandoned their design.
A series of outrages was then commenced by the mob upon indi-
vidual members of our society. Bishop Partridge was dragged from
his house and family, where he was first partially stripped of his
clothes, and then tarred and feathered from head to foot. Mr. Charles
Allen was also tarred at the same time.
Three days afterwards the mob assembled in great numbers, bearing
a red flag, and proclaiming that unless the society would leave en masse,
every man of them should be killed. Being in a defenseless situation,
to avoid a general massacre, a treaty was entered into and ratified, by
which it was agreed that one-half of the society should leave the county
by the 1st of January, and the remainder by the 1st of April following.
a.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 85
In October, while our people were gathering: their crops and other-
wise preparing to fulfil their'part of the treaty, the mob again collected
without any provocation, shol'at some of our people, whipped others,
threw down their houses, and committed many other depredations. The
members of the society were for some time harassed hoth day and night,
their houses assailed and broken open, and their women and children
insulted and abused.
The store-house of A. S. Gilbert and Company was broken open,
ransacked, and some of the goods strewed in the streets. These repeated
assaults so aroused the indignant feelings of our people, that a small
party thereof, on one occasion, when wantonly abused, resisted the
mob. A conflict ensued, in which "one of our people and some two or
three of their assailants were killed.
This unfortunate event raised the whole county in arms, and we
were required forthwith to surrender our arms and leave the county.
Fifty-one guns were given up, which have never been returned or paid
for to this day.
Parties of the mob, from thirty to seventy in number, then scoured
the county in every direction, threatening and abusing women and
children, until they were forced first to take shelter in the woods and
prairies at a very inclement season of the year, and finally to make
their escape to Clay county, where the people permitted them to take
refuge for a time.
After the society had left Jackson county, their buildings, amounting
to about two hundred, were either burned or otherwise destroyed, with
a great portion of their crops, as well as furniture, stock, &c; for which
they have not as yet received any remuneration.
The society remained in Clay county nearly three years, when, in
compliance with the demands of the citizens there, it was determined
to remove to that section of country known afterwards as Caldwell
county.
In order to secure our people from molestation, the members of the
society bought out most of the former inhabitants of what is now Cald-
well county, and also entered much of the wild land then belonging to
the United States in that section of country, fondly hoping that as we
were American citizens, obeying the laws and assisting to support the
government, we would be protected in the use of homes which we had
honestly purchased from the General Government and fully paid for.
Here we were permitted to enjoy peace for a season; but as oar
society increased in numbers and settlements were made in Daviess and
Carrol counties, unfounded jealousies sprang up among our neighbors,
and the spirit of the mob was soon manifested again. The people of
our Church who had located themselves at De Witt were compelled by
86 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. IA.D.1843
the mob to leave the place, notwithstanding the militia were called out
for their protection.
From De Witt the mob went to Daviess, county, and, while on their
way, took some of our people prisoners, and greatly abused and
mistreated them. Our people had been driven by force from Jackson
county; they had been compelled to leave Clay county, and sell their
lands there, for which they have never been paid: they had finally
settled in Caldwell county, where they had purchased and paid for
nearly all the Government land within its limits, in order to secure
homes where they could live and worship iu peace; but even here they
were soon followed by the mob.
The society remained in Caldwell from 1836 until the fall of 1838,
and during that time had acquired by purchase from the Government,
the settlers, and preemptiouers, almost all the lands in the county of
Caldwell, and a portion of those in Daviess and Carrol counties.
Those counties, when our people first commenced their settlements,
were for the most part wild and uncultivated, and they had converted
them into large and well improved farms, well stocked. Lands had
risen in value, from 10 to 25 dollars per acre, and those counties were
rapidly advancing in cultivation and wealth.
In August, 1838, a riot commenced, growing out of the attempt of
a member of the society to vote, which resulted in creating great
excitement and many scenes of lawless outrage. A large mob, under
the conduct of Cornelius Gilliam, came into the vicinity of Far West,
drove off our stock, and abused our people. Another party came into
Caldwell county, took away our horses and cattle, burnt our houses,
and ordered the inhabitents to leave their homes immediately.
By order of Brigadier-General Doniphan and Colonel Hinkle, a
company of about sixty men, under the command of David W. Patten f
went to disperse this mob. A conflict ensued, in which Captain Patten
and two of his men were killed, and others wounded.* A mob party,
from two to three hundred in number, many of whom are supposed to
have come from Chariton county, fell on our people, and, notwith-
standing they begged for quarters, shot down and killed eighteen, as
they would so many wild beasts.
They were finally compelled to flee from those counties; and on th-
11th October, 1838, they sought safety by that means, with their families,
* This is an error. Col. Frierson has confounded two incidents— the "Battle" at
Crooked River, and a movement in Daviess county. General Doniphan gave no
orders in respect of the skirmish in which David Patten lost his life, usually called
the "Battle of Crooked River;" but he and also General Park gave some orders
to Col. Wight and Col. Hinkle in relation to movements of militia in Daviess county*
against Millport and Gallatin. (See Vol. iii, ch. sii.)
A.D. 18431 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 87
leaving many of their effects behind. That they had previously applied
to the constituted authorities of Missouri for protection, but in vain.
The society were pursued by the mob, conflicts ensued, deaths
occurred on each side, and finally a force was organized under the au-
thority of the Governor of the state of Missouri, with orders to drive
us from the State, or exterminate us.
Abandoned and attacked by those to whom we had looked for
protection, we determined to make no further resistance, but submit to
the authorities of the State and yield to our fate, however hard it might
be. Several members of the society were arrested and imprisoned on a
charge of treason against the State: and the rest, amounting to above
14,000 souls, fled into the other States, principally into Illinois, where
they now reside.
Your memorialists would further state that they have heretofore
petitioned your honorable body, praying redress for the injuries set forth
in this memorial; but the committee to whom our petition was referred
reported, in substance, that the General Government had no power in
the case, and that we must look for relief to the courts and the legis-
lature of Missouri.
In reply, your memorialists would beg leave to state that they have
repeatedly appealed to the authorities of Missouri in vain; that though
they are American citizens, at all times ready to obey the laws and
support the institutions of the country, none of us would dare enter
Missouri for any such purpose, or for any purposes whatever.
Our property was seized by the mob or lawlessly confiscated by the
State; and we were forced, at the point of the bayonet, to sign deeds of
trust relinquishing our property. But the exterminating order of the
Governor of Missouri is still in force, and we dare not return to claim
our just rights. The widows and orphans of those slain, who could
legally sign no deeds of trust, dare not return to claim the inheritance
left them by their murdered parents.
It is true the Constitution of the United States gives to us, in com-
mon with all other native or adopted citizens, the right to enter and
settle in Missouri; but an executive order has been issued to exterminate
us if we enter the State, and a part of the Constitution becomes a nullity,
so far as we are concerned.
Had any foreign state or power committed a similar outrage upon
us, we cannot for a moment doubt that the strong arm of the General
Government would have been stretched out to redress our wrongs; and
we flatter ourselver that the same power will either redress our griev-
ances or shield us from harm in our efforts to regain our lost property,
which we fairly purchased from the General Government.
Finally, your memorialists pray your honorable body to take their
88 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1843
wrongs into consideration, receive testimony in the case, and grant such
relief as by the Constitution and laws you may have power to give.
And your memorialists will ever pray. *
Eleven copies were also made for circulation and
signatures by Thomas Bullock, one of my
Activities in -i -i
Renewal of CierKS.
confess* Four > P-ni. A meeting of the citizens in the
. assmbly room, [over President Smith's store]
when Brigham Young was chosen chairman of the
meeting, and Willard Richards, clerk.
The object of the meeting was briefly explained by the
clerk, followed by Judge Phelps, which was to petition
Congress for redress of grievances in relation to the
Missouri persecutions.
Voted that the chairmaD appoint a committee to get the
names of memorialists in this city.
The chairman appointed the assessors and collectors in
their several wards.
Voted that the same committee collect means to pur-
chase paper. President Sidney Rigdon to go to La Harpe.
and Elder Heber C. Kimball to Ramus, to procure signers.
The charmain appointed committees to visit other
places.
Joseph Smith, the Mayor, made some remarks, and his
Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys was read by William
W. Phelps, as follows: —
President Smith' 's Appeal to his Native State— Vermont.
I was born in Sharon, Vermont, in 1805, where the first quarter of
my life grew with the growtn and strengthened with the strength of
that "first-born" State of the "United Thirteen." From the old
"French War" to the final consummation of American Independence,
my fathers, heart to heart, and shoulder to shoulder, with the noble
fathers of our liberty, fought and bled; and with the most of that ven-
erable band of patriots, they have gone to rest, bequeathing a glorious
country, with all her inherent rights, to millions of posterity. Like
other honest citizens, I not only (when manhood came,) sought my own
peace, prosperity, and happiness, but also the peace, prosperity, and
happiness of my friends; and, with all the rights and realm before me,
A.D.1843] HISTORY OF THE CHU11CH. 89
and the revelations of Jesus Christ to guide me into all truth, I had good
reasons to enter into the blessings and privileges of an American citizen,
the rights of a Green Mountain Bov, unmolested, and enjoy life and
religion according to the most virtuous and enlightened customs, rules,
and etiquette of the nineteenth century. But, to the disgrace of the
United States, it is not so. These rights aud privileges, together with
a large amount of property, have been wrested from me, and thousands
of my friends, by lawless mobs in Missouri, supported by executive
authority; and the crime of plundering our property, and the unconsti-
tutional and barbarous act of our expulsion, and even the inhumanity
of murdering men, women, and children, have received the pass-word
of "justifiable" by legislative enactments; and the horrid deeds, doleful
and disgraceful a& they are, have been paid for by Government.
In vain have we sought for redress of grievances and a restoration
to our rights in the courts and legislature of Missouri. In vain have
we sought for our rights and the remuneration for our property in the
halls of Congress and at the hands of the President. The only con-
solation yet experienced from these highest tribunals and mercy-seats of
our bleeding country is that our cause is just, but the Government has no
power to redress us.
Our arms were forcibly taken from us by those Missouri marauders;
and, in spite of every effort to have them returned, the State of Missouri
still retains them: and the United States militia law, with this fact be
fore the Government, still compels us to military duty; and, for a lack
of said arms, the law forces us to pay fines. As Shakespeare would say
"thereby hangs a tale.''''
Several hundred thousand dollars' worth of land in Missouri was
purchased at the United States Land Offices in that district of country
and the money, without doubt, has been appropriated to strengthen the
army and navy, or increase the power and glory of the nation in some
other way. And notwithstanding Missouri has robbed and mobbed me
and twelve or fifteen thousand innocent inhabitants, murdered hun-
dreds, and expelled the residue, at the point of the bayonet, without
law, contrary to the express language of the Constitution of the United
States and every State in the Union, and contrary to the custom and
usage of civilized nations, and especially one holding up the motto,
"The asylum of the oppressed.''' 1 yet the comfort we receive to raise our
wounded bodies and invigorate our troubled spirits, on account of such
immense sacrifices of life, property, patience, and right, and as an
equivalent for the enormous taxes we are compelled to pay to support
these functionaries in a dignified manner, after we have petitioned and
pleaded with tears, and been showed like a caravan of foreign animals,
for the peculiar gratification of connoiseurs in humanity, that flare
90 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
along in public life like lamps upon lamp- posts, because they are better
calculated for the schemes of the night than for the scenes of the day,
is, as President Van Buren said, Your cause is just, but Government has
no power to redress you!
No wonder, after the Pharisee's prayer, the publican smote his breast
and said, "Lord be merciful to me a sinner!'''' What must the manacled
nations think of freemen's rights in the land of liberty? * * *
Now, therefore, having failed in every attempt to obtain satisfaction
at the tribunals, where all men seek for it, according to the rules of
right, I am compelled to appeal to the honor and patriotism of my na-
tive State — to the clemency and valor of "Green Mountain Boys;" for
throughout the various periods of the world, whenever a nation, king-
dom, state, family, or individual has received an insult or an injury
from a superior force, (unless satisaction was made,) it has been
the custom to call in the aid of friends to assist in obtaining redress.
For proof we have only to refer to the recovery of Lot and his effects
bv Abraham in the days of Sodom and Gomorrah, or to turn to the re-
lief afforded by France and Holland for the achievement of the Inde-
pendence of these United States, without bringing up the great bulk of
historical facts, rules, laws, decrees, and treaties, and Bible records,
by which nations have been governed, to show that mutual alliance
for the general benefit of mankind to retaliate and repel foreign ag-
gressions. To punish and prevent home wrongs, when the conserva-
tors of justice and the laws have failed to afford a remedy, are not only
common and in the highest sense justifiable and wise, but they are also
proper expedients to promote the enjoyment of equal rights, the pur-
suit of happiness, the preservation of life, and the benefit of pos-
terity.
With all these facts before me, and a pure desire to ameliorate the
condition of the poor and unfortunate among men, and, if possible, to
entice all men from evil to good, and with firm reliance that God will
reward the just, I have been stimulated to call upon my native State
for a "union of all honest men," and to appeal to the valor of the
"Green Mountain Boys" by all honorable methods and means to assist
me in obtaining justice from Missouri, not only for the property she
has stolen and confiscated, the murders she has commited among my
friends, and for our expulsion from the State, but also to humble and
chastise or abase her for the disgrace she has brought upon constitu-
tional liberty until she atones for her sins.
I appeal also to the fraternity of brethren who are bound by kindred
ties to assist a brother in distress in all cases where it can be done ac-
* The omission here indicated is the paragraph of foreign phrases not germane to
the matter as explained in the footnote at page 75.
A.D. 1843J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 91
cording to the rules of order, to extend the boon of benevolence and
protection in avenging: the Lord of His enemies, as if a Solomon, a
Hiram, a St. John, or a Washington raised his hands before a wonder-
ing world, and exclaimed, "My life for his! " Light, liberty, and virtue
forever!
I bring this appeal before my native State, for the solemn reason
that an injury has been done, and crimes have been committed, which
a sovereign State, of the Federal compact, one of the great family of
" E pluribus wm<»i," refuses to compensate, by consent of parties,
rules of law, customs of nations, or in any other way. I bring it also
because the National Government has fallen short of affording the nec-
essary relief, as before stated, jor want oj power, leaving a large body
of her own free citizens, whose wealth went freely into her treasury for
lands, and whose gold and silver for taxes still fills the pockets of her
dignitaries "in ermine and lace," defrauded, robbed, plundered, rav-
i.-hed, driven, exiled, and banished from the "Independent Republic of
Missouri! "'
And in the appeal let me say, Raise your towers, pile your monu-
ments to the skies, build your steam frigates, spread yourselves far
and wide, and open the iron eyes of your bulwarks by sea and land;
and let the towering church steeples marshal the country like the
dreadful splendor of an army with bayonets. But remember the
flood of Noah; remember the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah; remember
the dispersion and confusion at the tower of Babel; remember the
destruction of Pharaoh and his hosts; remember the handwriting upon
the wall, "31ene, mene, teJcel icpharsin;" remember the angel's visit to
Sennacherib, and the one hundred and eighty- five thousand Assyrians;
remember the end of the Jews and Jerusalem, and remember the Lord
Almighty will avenge the blood of His Saints that now crimsons the
skirts of Missouri! Shall wisdom cry aloud, and her speech not be
heard?
Has the majesty of American liberty sunk into such vile servitude
and oppression, that justice has fled? Have the glory and influence of
a Washington, an Adams, a Jefferson, a Lafayette, and a host of oth-
ers, forever departed; and the wrath of a Cain, a Judas, and a Nero
whirled forth in the heraldry of hell, to sprinkle our garments with
blood, and lighten the darkness of midnight with the blaze of our
dwellings? Where is the patriotism of '76? Where is the virtue of
our forefathers? and where is the sacred honor of freemen!
Must we, because we believe in the fulness of the Gospel of Jesus
Christ, the administration of angels, and the communion of the Holy
Ghost, like the Prophets and Apostles of old,— must we be mobbed
with impunity, be exiled from our habitations and property without
92 HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
remedy, murdered without mercy, and Government find the weapons
and pay the vagabonds for doing the jobs, and give them the plunder
into the bargain? Must we, because we believe in enioying the con-
stitutional privilege aud right of worshiping Almighty God according
to the dictates of our own consciences, and because we believe in
repentance, and baptism for the remission of sins, the gift of the
Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands, the resurrection of the dead,
the millennium, the day of judgment, and the Book of Mormon as the
history of the aborigines of this continent, — must we be expelled from
the institutions of our country, the rights of citizenship and the graves
of our friends and brethren, and the Government lock the gate of
humanity and shut the door of redress against us? If so, farewell free-
dom! adieu to personal safety! and let the red hot wrath of an offended
God purify the nation of such sinks of corruption: for that realm is
hurrying to ruin where vice has the power to expel virtue.
Mv father, who stood several times in the battles of the American
Revolution, till his companions in arms had been shot dead at his feet,
was forced from his home in Far West, Missouri, by those civilized — or
satanized — savages, in the dreary season of winter, to seek a shelter in
another State; and the vicissitudes and sufferings consequent to his
flight brought his honored grey head to the grave a few months after.
And my youngest brother also, in the vigor and bloom of youth,
from his great exposure and fatigue in endeavoring to assist his parents
on their journey, (I and my brother Hyrum being in chains, in dun-
geons, in Missouri, where they tried to feed us with — human flesh) was
likewise so debilated that he found a premature grave shortly after my
father; and my mother, too, though she yet lingers among us, from her
extreme exposure in that dreadful tragedy, was filled with rheumatic
affections and other diseases, which leave her no enjovment of health.
She is sinking in grief and pain, broken-hearted, from Missouri perse-
cution.
death! wilt thou not give to every honest man a heated dart to
sting those wretches while they pollute the land? And Grave! wilt
thou not open the trap door to the pit of ungodly men, that they may
stumble in?
1 appeal to the "Green Mountain Boys" of my native State to rise in
the majesty of virtuous freemen, and by all honorable means help to
bring Missouri to the bar of justice. If there is one whisper from the
spirit of an Ethen Allen, or a gleam from the shade of a General Stark,
let it mingle with our sense of honor and fire our bosoms for the
cause of suffering innocence, for the reputation of our disgraced coun-
try, and for the glory of God; and may all the earth bear me witness,
if Missouri — blood-stained Missouri, escapes the due merit of her
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 93
crimes — the vengeance she so justly deserves — that Vermont is a hypo-
crite, a coward, and this nation the hotbed of political demagogues!
I make this appeal to the sods of liberty of my native State for help
to frustrate the wicked designs of sinful men. I make it to hush the
violence of mobs. I make it to cope with the unhallowed influence of
wicked men in high places. I make it to resent the insult and injury
made to an innocent, unoffending people, by a lawless ruffian State. I
make it to obtain justice where law is put at defiance. I make it to
wipe off the stain of blood from our nation's escutcheon. I make it
to show presidents, governors, and rulers prudence. I make it to fill
honorable men with discretion. I make it to teach senators wisdom. I
I make it to teach judges justice. I make it to point clergymen
to the path of virtue. And I make it to turn the hearts of this
nation to the truth and realities of pure and undefiled religion,
that they may escape the perdition of ungodly men; and Jesus
Christ, the Son of God, is my Great Counselor.
Wherefore let the rich and the learned, the wise and the noble, the
poor and the needy, the bond and the free, both black and white, take
heed to their ways, and a leave to the knowledge of God, and execute
justice and judgment upon the earth in righteousness, and prepare to
meet the judge of the quick and the dead, for the hour of His coming is
nigh.
And I must go on as the herald of grace,
Till the wide-spreading conflict is over.
And burst through the curtains of tyrannic night;
Yes, I must go on to gather our race,
Till the high blazing flame of Jehovah
Illumines the globe as a triumph of right.
As a friend of equal rights to all men, and a messenger of the ever-
lasting Gospel of Jesus Christ, I have the honor to be,
Your devoted servant,
Joseph Smith.
Sidney Rigdon spoke.
Parley P. Pratt confessed he was wrong in one thing
in Missouri; that is, he left alive, and left them alive;
and asked forgiveness, and promised never to do so
again.
Parley P. Pratt offered to deliver the President's "Ap-
peal to the Green Mountain Boys" to all the large towns
in New York, if he could have a copy.
The President offered a copy and it was voted that
94 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Elder Pratt shall have this mission granted him, and voted
in addition that he go to all the towns in Vermont.
The Chairman [Brigham Young] spoke.
The Mayor [President Smith] spoke. Said he rose
to make a confession, that he used all his influence to
prevent the brethren from fighting when mobbed in Mis-
souri. If I did wrong, I will not do so any more. It was
a suggestion of the head. He would never do so again;
but when the mobs come upon you, kill them. I never
will restrain you again, but will go and help you.
The Chairman [Brigham Young] spoke again; acknow-
ledged his wrong; said he would never put his hand on
Brother Hosea Stout's shoulder again to hold him back
when he was abused.
John Taylor spoke of Missouri ; said he would never
submit to such treatment again.
Mayor [President Smith] spoke again. If I do not
stand with those who will stand by me in the hour of
trouble and danger, without faltering, I give you leave
to shoot me.*
Mayor read a letter in reply to one he wrote to
Henry Clay.
Parley P. Pratt stated that the history of the perse-
cution was put into the hand of Henry Clay.
* Relative to the spirit of this meeting in Nauvoo on the 29th of November, 1843 ;
and also of many of the articles published as Editorials, and letters that were
written about this time to public men, the reader should be reminded that these
leading brethren of the Church were speaking and writing under a great stress of
feeling— under a sense of outraged justice. Their minds had been refreshed and
their feelings again wrought up by the detailed recital of the acts of injustice
endured in Missouri by the Memorial to congress drawn up by Colonel Frierson;
and under such circumstances it is scarcely to be expected that strong men will
not give expression to the vehemence they feel. Edmund Burke once said in defense
of the rashness expressed in both speech and action of some of the patriots of the
American Revolution, that "It is not fair to judge the temper or the dis2)osition of
any man or set of men when they are composed and at rest from their conduct or
there expressions in a state of disturbance and irritation." The justice of Burke's
assertion has never been questioned, and without any wresting whatsoever it may
be applied to the prominent Church leaders on the occasion of this meeting at
Nauvoo; and, moreover, they saw again forming those mobocratic tendencies in
Illinois from whicb they had suffered in Missouri.
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 95
Moved by Joseph Smith, That every man in the meet-
ing who could wield a pen write an address to his mother
country. Carried.
Mayor read the Memorial to Congress. The State rights
doctrines are what feed mobs. They are a dead carcass
— a stink, and they shall ascend up as a stink offering in
the nose of the Almighty.
They shall be oppressed as they have oppressed us, not
by "Mormons," but by others in power. They shall
drink a drink offering, the bitterest dregs, not from the
"Mormons," but from a meaner source than themselves.
God shall curse them.
Adjourned till next Monday evening, early candle-light.
At ten, a.m., rode out with Mr. Jackson. At home
most all day.
The "Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys" sent
to press.
Severe frost, so that the ice is on the water in the house.
W. L. D. Ewing writes to Major John Bills —
Letter: W. L. D. Ewing, State Auditor, Illinois, to Major John Bills —
Legion Affairs.
The foregoing opinions constitute my reason for refusing to issue
the warrants in your favor. I am not satisfied myself entirely of the
correctness of the opinions of the Attorney-General. If you should be
dissatisfied with the decision, I would advise you. to raise the question
before the Supreme Court, which will be in session on the 2nd Monday
of December. I am the more anxious that this should be done because
I wish to be satisfied whether I was correct or not in issuing warrants
to you in the spring. Be pleased to advise me on the subject.
Respectfully,
W. L. D. Ewing, Auditor.
Enclosing the opinion of the Attorney- General, Josiah
Lamborn, as follows: —
Letter: J. Lamborn, Attorney General of Illinois — Legal Opinion of Above.
Springfield, Illinois, Nov. 30, 1843.
I have examined the claim of J. C. Bennett as brigade-inspector of
the Nauvoo Legion, and it is my opinion that the claim should be
disallowed.
96 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843.
The Legislature, in giving authority for the organization of a body
of "independent military men" at Nauvoo, intended, no doubt, that all
expenses, &c, except "their proportion of public arms," should be
defrayed by the city and its privileged Legion.
They occupy a novel position, disconnected from the military com-
munities of the whole State, and in no way subject to the regular mili-
tary officers, possessing an exemption even from subjection to the
general military laws, with a law-making power invested in their own
Legion. It is not reasonable to suppose that the Legislature would
confer so many exclusive favors, and yet pay those who profit by this
condition of things as much as is paid to regular militia officers.
Iu the absence of any express provision by law to authorize the
payment of the claim, 1 can see nothing from which an authority of the
kind could be derived, and therefore advise accordingly.
J. Lamborn, Attorney-General.
And copy of letter from J. N. McDougall to General
W. L. D. Ewing: —
Letter: J. N. McDougall to State Auditor.
Springfield, Illinois, Nov. 30, 1843,
General W. L. D. Eiving, Auditor, &c. —
I have examined the claim of John Bills, brigade-major of the
Nauvoo Legion, for services under the 53rd section of the militia law,
and have arrived at the conclusion that the Nauvoo Legion are not to
be considered as a part of the regular militia of this State, and that the
general law has no further application to them than is expressly pro-
vided for in the law authorizing their organization. The law providing
for the organization of the Legion making no provision for the payment
of its officers by the State, it is my opinion that the above claim ought
not to be audited.
The Legion was organized by the City Council, is subject to their
control for the purpose of enforcing their ordinances. It is entirely
independent of the general military law, may have a different organ-
ization, make laws for its own government, and seems evidently
designed to sustain the municipal authorities of Nauvoo. If there are ex-
penses to be paid, the municipality of which they form a very important
element, must meet them. I am, with great respect,
Your obedient servant,
J. N. McDougall.
Mr. Ewing reported to Major Bills that the returns made
A.D. 1843| HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 97
out [for Mr. Bills], and sent to the State Department,
were the best reports by any brigade-major in the
State, and did him great credit: the refusal to pay him
for his services is a mere pretext, as the Nauvoo Charter
requires that the Nauvoo Legion shall perform the
same amount of duty as is now or may hereafter be
required of the regular militia of the State, and shall
be at the disposal of the Governor for the public defense
and the execution cf the laws of the State, and be en-
titled to their proportion of the State arms ; and were it
not for the prejudice against us on account of our religion,
his claim would have been paid without a word of
complaint.
7 Vol. VI
98 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. IAD. 1843
CHAPTER V.
THE AVERY KIDNAPPING — DEFENSIVE PREPARATIONS AGAINST
MISSOURI MOBS — APPEALS TO THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT
FOR PROTECTION — NAUVOO LEGION OFFERED AS UNITED
STATES TROOPS.
Friday, December Z, 1843. — At home. In the evening,
walking out and administering to the sick.
At noon, Dr. Willard Richards called on me to get a
petition to Congress for an appropriation to improve the
Rapids.
Progress of I continue to receive letters from Elders
the work. jjj f\ ie different States, giving news of the prog-
ress of the work.
Clear and cold day. Some ice floating in the river.
^Saturday ^.--Prayer-meeting from one to six p. m.,
in the assembly room over the store. Orson Hyde, Par-
ley P. Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith, and
Orson Spencer received their endowments and further in-
structions in the Priesthood. About thirty-five persons
present.
A conference was held at Alexander in Genesee coun-
ty, New York. Ten branches, containing 44 Elders and
206 members, were represented. Two High Priests, one
Seventy, 21 Elders and one Deacon present.
Sunday, 3. — I arrived at the assembly room* about
„ „ , noon: found all present, except Hyrum
Hvrum Smith . r / r J
Meets with an and his wife. He had slipped and turned
his knee-joint backward, and sprained the
large muscle of his leg, and I had been ministering unto
him. Emma had been unwell during the night. Af-
ter the meeting was organized, William W. Phelps
* This was the upper room of President Smith's brick store.
AD - 1843 J HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 99
read my "Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys,"
which was dedicated by prayer after all had spoken upon
it. We also prayed for Nathan Pratt, who was very sick,
Hyrum, and others. 1 afterwards instructed them in the
things of the Priesthood.
Monday, 4.— At six in the evening, I attended the ad-
journed meeting of citizens in the assembly room, which
was crowded with a select congregation. Many could not
get admission. There were two Missourians present. 1
made some observations at the opening of the meeting re-
quested them to be calm and cool, but let the spirit of '76
burn in their bosoms, and when occasion requires, say
little, but act; and when the mob comes, mow a hole
through them.
My "Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys" was read bv
W. W. Phelps.
Elder Parley P. Pratt read his "Appeal to the State of
New York."
My clerk, Willard Richards, read the memorial to
Congress, when the assembly unanimously Number0 f
voted their approbation of the memorial, when £ e Pr °P het ' s
T ' ^j-i \ exatious
1 spoke two-and-a-half hours, relating many Law suits
circumstances which transpired in Missouri, not men-
tioned in the memorial. I have already had thirty-eight
vexatious lawsuits, and have paid Missouri $150,000 for
land. I borrowed $500 of Judge Young in Washington,
to pay the expenses of the party that accompanied me,
and had to borrow of others.
Daniel Avery and his son were kidnapped from the
neighborhood of Warsaw by a company of Missourians,
assisted by some anti-Mormons of this county, and car-
ried into Missouri.*
Tuesday, 5.— Six p. in., met the Twelve, also Phelps,
Clayton, and Turley, in council, in the office, on import-
ant business.
* This occurred on the 2nd of December. See Avery's Affidavit, Chapter VI,
this volume.
100 HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. TA.D. 1843
Advised the Twelve to raise money to send to Elder
Hyde, who is east, for him to get paper to print the Doc-
trine and Covenants, and get new type and metal for
sterotyping the same.
Wednesday, 6. — At home and took the following affi-
davit : —
Chapman" 1 s Affidavit in the Avery Case.
State of Illinois, ]
u City of Nauvoo. j
On the sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and forty-three, came Delmore Chapman before me,
Joseph Smith, mayor of said city; and after being duly sworn, depos-
eth and saith that on the nineteenth day of November, 1843, a man
named Richardson came to one of his neighbors living in Bear Creek
precinct, in the county of Hancock, named Philander Avery, and en-
ticed him to the Mississippi at Warsaw, by false pretenses; and from
thence by a company he was forced over the river and taken to Mon-
ticello jail; and that on the second day of December, some of the
same party and others came to the aforesaid Bear Creek and kid-
napped Daniel Avery, the father of the aforesaid Philander Avery,
and by force of arms hurried him across the said Mississippi river
into the State of Missouri, to aforesaid jail at Monticello, Lewis
countv. where your said affiant verily believes they are both now in-
carcerated illegally and inhumanly in prison; and further report says
that, some of them are to come to Nauvoo next, to kidnap Nelson
Turner; and further your affiant saith not.
Delmore Chapman.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this sixth day of December,
1843. Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Upon which I wrote to his Excellency Thomas Ford: —
LETTER— PRESIDENT JOSEPH SMITH TO GOVERNOR FORD.
Nauvoo, December 6, 1843.
Sir:— The enclosed affidavit is forwarded to your Excellency for in-
structions to know what shall be done in the premises. I shall act ac
cording to the best of my judgment, constitutionally, till I receive
your instructions, and in the meantime shall forward, as soon as they
can be had, all the facts relative to the case as a suitable person will go
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHTJliCH. 101
immediately to the place and get the necessary affidavits. Send your
instructions by the bearer.
Respectfully, I have the honor to be,
Your obedient servant,
Joseph Smith,
Lieutenant-General of N. L.
P. S. Shall any portion of the Legion be called out \
X. B. An express has just reached me that Governor Reynolds will
make another demand for me. I rely on the honor of Illinois, for no
writ can legally issue against me. I have suffered from their insatia-
ble thirst for my blood long enough, and want the peace of my family
to remain undisturbed.
Wednesday, (J. — Esquire Goodwin aud others, not mem-
bers of the Church, petitioned the Governor not to help
Missouri to persecute the Saints.
Thursday, 7. — At eleven a. in. a meeting of the citi-
zens of Xauvoo was held. The minutes of which I ex-
tract from the Neighbor as follows: —
PUBLIC MEETING AT XAUVOO.
At a meeting of the citizens of Xauvoo, held near the Temple, on the
7th day of December, 1843, Alpheus Cutler was called to the chair,
and Willard Richards appointed secretary; whereupon, after the ob-
ject of the meeting was stated, a committee of three — namely, W. W.
Phelps, Reynolds Cahoon, and Hosea Stout, were appointed to draft a
preamble and resolutions expressive of the sentiments of the people of
the city of Xauvoo relative to the repeated unlawful demands by the
State of Missouri for the body of General Joseph Smith, as well as the
common, cruel practice of kidnapping citizens of Illinois, and forcing
them across the Mississippi river, and then incarcerating them in the
dungeons or prisons of Missouri. And after a few minutes' absence
they returned with the following : —
RESOLUTIONS.
Whereas, the State of Missouri, with the Governor at the head, con-
tinues to make demands upon the executive of Illinois for the body of
General Joseph Smith, as we verily believe, to keep up a system of
persecution against the Church of Latter-day Saints, for the purpose of
justifying the said State of Missouri in her diabolical, unheard of, cruel
and unconstitutional warfare against said Church of Latter-day Saints,
and which she has practiced during the last twelve years, whereby
102 HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
many have been murdered, mobbed and ravished, and the whole com-
munity expelled from the State:
And also to heave dust in the eyes of the nation and the world,
while she, as a State, with the Government to back her, continues to
slip over the river to steal the property of the Latter-day Saints, and
kidnap the members of said Church to glut her vengeance, malice, re-
venge, and avarice, and to make slaves of the said captives or murder
them: Therefore,
Resolved unanimously: As we do know that Joseph Smith is not
guilty of any charge made against him by the said State of Missouri,
but is a good, industrious, well-meaning, and worthy citizen of Illinois,
and an officer that does faithfully and impartially administer the laws
of the State, that we as citizens of Illinois, crave the protection of the
Constitution and laws of the oountry as an cegis to shield him, the said
General Joseph Smith, from such cruel persecutions, beseeching the
Governor of Illinois not to issue any more writs against the said Gen-
eral Joseph Smith, or other Latter-day Saints (unless they are guilty),
but to let the Latter-day Saints "breathe awhile like other men," and
enjoy the liberty guaranted to every honest citizen by the Magna
Charta of our common country.
Resolved, That as citizens of the State of Illinois, we solicit the at-
tention of the Governor and officers generally of the State to take some
lawful means and measures to regain the citizens that have been kid-
napped by the Missourians, and to prevent the said Missourians and
government from committing further violence upon the citizens of
Illinois.
Resolved, as the sense of this meeting, That, according to the true
meaning of the law, those citizens of any section of country who do not
rise up as virtuous freemen (when any portion of inhabitants congre-
gate or combine to injure, slander, or deprive another portion of their
rights,) and magnify the law, to clear themselves from such unhallowed
attempts to subvert order and law, that they by their silence make
themselves accessories of the crime of such unlawful assemblage or
outrageous individuals.
Resolved, unimously, That we solicit the Governor by all honorable
means to grant us peace, for we will have it.
Alpheus Cutler, Chairman.
Willard Richards, Secretary.
In the afternoon, Lucien Woodworth started with the
papers to the Governor, and the petition from Goodwin
and others, and Delmore Chapman's affidavit.
A.D. 1843J HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 103
The German brethren met at the assembly room at six
p. in., and choose Bishop Daniel Garn as
their Presiding Elder, and organized to have for German
preaching in their native language.
Directed copies of my Appeal to the various authorities
of Vermont and the United States.
Friday, 8. — At eleven a. m. I went to my office
and gave instructions to my clerk for the drawing of
a draft of a dam on the Mississippi river, and p reC autiouary
directed that the city council be called at steps against
■ Missouri
four this afternoon to make preparations for Invasioa
any invasion from Missouri.
Willard Richards and Philip B. Lewis made an affi-
davit, which I insert: —
Richards' and Leivis' Affidavit.
State of Illinois, |
City of Nauvoo. j
On the 8th day of December, 1S43, came Willard Richards and
Philip B. Lewis before me, Joseph Smith, Mayor of said city, and af-
ter being duly sworn, depose and say that they have been informed
that two men have been kidnapped recently by the Missourians, in
connection with some of the lawless inhabitants of the county of Han-
cock, and that rumors are now afloat that it is the intention of said
lawless persons, in connection with the aforesaid Missourians, to kid-
nap some of the citizens of this city; and further your affiants would
state that they are of opinion, to prevent difficulties of such a vexa-
tious nature, that something should be done to secure the peace of this
city from being disturbed. And further your affiants say not.
Willard Richards,
Philip B. Lewis.
Subecribed and sworn to before me, this 8th day of December, 1843.
W. W. Phelps, Clerk.
Whereupon I issued the following notification : —
An Order to the City Marshal.
State of Illinois, \
City of Nauvoo. J
lo the Marshal of said City, Greeting: —
Whereas complaint has been made to me upon oath, that some per-
sons have been kiduapped by the Missourians, in connection with
104 HISTOKY OF THE CHUECH. [AD. 1843
some of the lawless inhabitants of Hancock county, and that threats
have been made that some of the citizens of Nauvoo will be kidnapped
or arrested, and forcibly carried away from said city without being al-
lowed the benefit of the writ of habeas corpus, according to the or-
dinance in such case made and provided, you will therefore take the
necessary measures to have the rights of the citizens of thit city held
sacred, and the ordinances of said city duly carried into full force and
effect. To which end, should you judge that the peace and safety of
the city require it, you are further notified to call for a suitable por-
tion of the Nauvoo Legion to be in complete readiness to compel obed-
ience to the ordinances of the said city.
Given under my hand and seal this 8th day of December, 1843.
Joseph Smith, Mayor,
W. W. Phelps, Clerk, M. C.
In consequence thereof, I received from the City Mar-
shal: —
Ihe City MarshaVs Reply.
City of Nauvoo, December 8, 1843.
Sir: — Your order to have the ordinances of this city fully
carried into effect will be duly attended to; but in order so to do, it will
be necessary for you as Mayor of the city, to issue orders to Major
General Wilson Law for a suitable portion of the Nauvoo Legion to be
in readiness to compel obedience to said ordinances, if necessary.
Respectfully, &c,
Henry G. Sherwood, City Marshal.
To Joseph Smith, Mayor.
And I issued: —
Mayor's Order to the Commander of the Nauvoo Legion.
"Headquarters Nauvoo Legion,
City op Nauvoo, Dec. 8, 1843.
The Marshal of this city having made a demand of me for a suitable
portion of the Nauvoo Legion to protect the rights of the citizens and
carry the ordinances of said city into full effect, you are hereby directed
and required to hold in readiness such portions of the said Nauvoo Le-
gion, which you have the honor to command, as may be necessary to
compel obedience to the ordinances of said city and secure the peace of
the citizens, and call them out, if occasion require,without further notice.
With due regard, I have the honor to be
Your obedient servant
Joseph Smith,
Lieuten ant-General, N. L.
Major-General Wilson Law,
Commanding Nauvoo Legion.
A.D. 1843| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 105
Four p. in., attended City Council, which passed
"An extra ordinance for the extra case of Joseph Smith
and others."
Special Ordinance in the PropheVs Case, vs. Missouri.
Whereas, Joseph Smith has been three times arrested and three
times acquitted upon writs founded upon supposed crimes or charges
preferred by the State of Missouri, which acquittals were made from
investigations upon writs of habeas corpus — namely one in the United
States Court for the district of Illinois, one in the Circuit Court of the
State of Illinois, and one in the Municipal Court of Nauvoo:
And whereas, a nolle prosequi has once been entered in the courts of
Missouri upon all the cases of Missouri against Joseph Smith and oth-
ers:
And whereas, there appears to be a determined resolution by the
State of Missouri to continue these unjust, illegal, and murderous de-
mands for the body of General Joseph Smith:
And whereas, it has become intolerable to be thus continually harassed
and robbed of our money to defray the expenses of these prosecutions:
And whereas, according to the Constitution of Illinois, "all men are
born equally free and independent, and have certain inherent and in-
defeasible rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending
life and liberty, and of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property
and reputation, and pursuing their own happiness:"
And whereas, it is our bounden duty, by all common means, if possi-
ble, to put a stop to such vexatious lawsuits and save expense: There-
fore —
Section 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Nauvoo,
according to the intent and meaning of the Chaiter for the "benefit and
convenience" of Nauvoo, that hereafter, if any person or persons shall
come with process, demand, or requisition, founded upon the aforesaid
Missouri difficulties, to arrest said Joseph Smith, he or they so offend-
ing shall be subject to be arrested by any officer of the city, with or
without process, and tried by the Municipal Court, upon testimony,
and, if found guilty, sentenced to imprisonment in the city prison for
life; which convict or convicts can only be pardoned by the Governor,
with the consent of the Mayor of said city.
Section 2. And be it further ordained that the preceding section
shall apply to the case of every and all persons that may be arrested,
demanded, or required upon any charge founded in the aforesaid Mis-
souri difficulties.
Section 3. And be it further ordained that the jury that makes the
presentment, in any case above specified, shall not, nor either of them,
106 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1843
act as jurors on the final trial; but the trial shall be conducted accord-
ing to the fifth and sixth articles of the amendment to the Constitution
of the United States.
Passed December 8, 1843.
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Willard Richards, Recorder.*
The City Council also passed "An ordinance to erect a
dam in the Mississippi river, and for other purposes."
Ordinance Providing for the Erection of a Dam in the Mississippi.
Section 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Nau-
voo, that Joseph Smith and his successors for the term of perpetual
succession are hereby authorized and empowered to erect a dam, of
suitable height to propel mills and machinery, from any point within
the limits of said city and below the Nauvoo House, and in a proper
direction to reach the island this side of Montrose ; but not to interfere
with the main channel of the Mississippi river.
Section 2. And be it further ordained that the said Joseph Smith
and his successors are further authorized to erect north of the aforesaid
island, a dam, pier, or breakwater to intersect the sandbar above.
Section 3. Be it farther ordained that said Joseph Smith and his
successors are also authorized and have full liberty to use the said dam
and water for the purpose of propelling mills and machinery, and shall
be governed in their rates of toll and rules of manufactory by ordin-
ance of said city.
Section 4, And be it farther ordained that the said Joseph Smith
and his successors are further authorized and empowered to use the
space within the limits of the said dam as a harbor or basin for steam-
boats and other water craft; and for which purpose they may construct
docks, wharfs, and landings, and receive such fees for wharfage as may
be regulated by ordinance of said city.
Section 5. And be it further ordained that said Joseph Smith and
his successors are further authorized to build an embankment on the
east side of the aforesaid island, to connect the said dam with the pier
ou the north, and to use the top of said dam for a public road or high-
way, receiving for compensation from those who cross upon it such
rates as m&y be allowed by ordinance of said city.
Passed December 8, 1843.
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Willard Richards, Recorder.
*The Ordinance was about a month later repealed at the suggestion of President
Smith.
A. D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 107
I suggested to the Council the idea of petition-
ing Congress to receive the City of Xauvoo under the pro-
tection of the United States Government, to
' Petition for
acknowledge the Xauvoo Legion as U. S. xauvootoBe
troops, and to assist in fortifications and oth- the General 1
er purposes, and that a messenger be sent to
Congress for this purpose at the expense of the city.
Messrs. John Taylor, Orson Spencer, and Orson Pratt
were appointed a committee to draft a memorial according
to my suggestions.
Saturday, 9. — At home.
Praver-meeting in the assembly room.
I copy from the Neighbor.
PUBLIC MEETING AT XAUVOO MAKING AN APPEAL TO THE GENERAL GOV-
ERNMENT ON SUNDRY LOCAL AFFAIRS.
At a very large meeting of the citizens of Nauvoo, held at the corner
of Main and Water streets, Mr. Heber C. Kimball was elected chair-
man, and John M. Bernhisel appointed secretary. Mr. George A.
Smith having made a few observations, Mr. John Taylor read the pre-
amble and resolutions of a meeting held at the temple, on the 7th in-
stant: also an ordinance entitled "An extra ordinance for the extra
case of Joseph Smith and others," recently passed by the City Council
of the City of Xauvoo; likewise the fifth and sixth articles of the
amendments of the Constitution of the United States, and the opinion
of the Attorney-General of the State of Illinois on the subject of the or-
ganization of the Nauvoo Legion, he being of the opinion that said Le-
gion was disconnected from the military communities of the whole
State, and in no way subject to the regular military officers, possessing
an exemption even from subjection to the general military laws, with a
law-making power vested in their own Legion.
After some pertinent remarks by Mr. Taylor, General Joseph Smith
briefly addressed the meeting. He dissented entirely from the opinion
of the Attorney-General, and observed that it was stated in the Charter
that the Legion was a part of the Militia of Illinois, and that his com-
mission declared that he (General Smith) was the Lieutenant-General
of the Nauvoo Legion and of the Militia of the State of Illinois: and
as such, it was not only his duty to enforce the city ordinance, but the
laws of the State, when called on by the Governor. He also stated that
he had been informed that the Chief Magistrate of Missouri had it in
108 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A. v. 1843
contemplation to make another requisition on the Governor of Illinois
for him (Joseph Smith).
The meeting then adjourned sine die.
H. C. Kimball, Chairman.
J. M. Bernhisel, Secretary.
Received the following: —
Letter of Wilson Law to Joseph Smith Anent the Legion.
Nauvoo Legion, Nauvoo City,
December 9, 1843.
Lieutenant- General Joseph Smith.
Iu consequence of the orders I received from you ' to hold in readi-
ness a sufficient portion of the legion, &c.,— to make said forces effi-
cient," it will be necessary to supply them with munitions of war, which
of course must be done at the expense of the city. You will therefore
please to give orders to the commandants of cohorts on their applica-
tion to you on the city treasury for whatever amount you may think
proper on the present occasion.
Most respectfully your obedient servant,
Wilson Law,
Major-General, N. L.
Sunday, 10. — Rainy day. I stayed at home.
A prayer-meeting held this evening in the assembly
room. I was not present. Brigham Yoivng presided.
Several sick persons were prayed for.
By letter from J. White, deputy sheriff of Clark coun-
ty, Missouri, I learn that Mr. Daniel Avery is in Marion
Avery Case- county prison, without trial. The sheriff re-
% R ^ min[scence quests several men to go there as witnesses.
ql ivj.issou.ri -*-
nays. it is evidently a trap to get some more of our
people into their power. When I was in prison in Mis-
souri, my witnesses were arrested before they got into
court to testify, except one, who was kicked out of the
court by an officer, Lieutenant Cook, who damned him,
and ordered some of his company to shoot him. After
which, the State's attorney, Birch, turned to me taunt-
ingly, saying, "Why the hell don't you bring on your
witnesses?" and Judge King laughed at my discomfiture.
The Saints have had enough of Missouri mob justice.
kD 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 109
*
Monday 11. The following affidavit will show that some
of 'the citizens of Illinois are so far fallen and so much
governed by mobocratic influence as to assist the Missouri
wretches in their hellish designs: —
Affidavit ofSission Chase— The Avery Case.
State of Illinois, ) gs
Hancock County. \
On the nth day of December, lS43,came Sission A. Chase before me
Aaron Johnson, a Jnstice of the Peace of said county; and, after being
duly sworn, deposeth and saith that the crime of kidnapping has been
committed in Hancock County; and on the 2nd day of this present De-
cember, 1843, at the house of Schrench Freeman, about four miles and
a half south of Warsaw, in said county, your said affiant heard a man
by the name of John Elliot say that he was going a shooting turkeys.
W.en asked what he was going to shoot them with, he showed a brace
of pistols and a large hickory cane. Your affiant observed that he
thought he could not kill turkeys with such weapons; and the said El-
liot said that there was a certain cock he meant to take before night
and they would do for that. He, the said Elliot, went off, and your af-
fiant did not see him till Sunday evening the 3rd, when your affiant
asked the said Elliot if he had caught his turkey; and he replied yes
the one he was after-a Mormon Elder. Your affiant then asked him
who he was; and he said, Daniel Avery. Your affiant then asked the
said Elliot what had been done with said Avery; and he said we put
htm on to a horse, tied his legs, and guarded him to the river from
whence, about ten o'clock at night, we took him into Clark county,
Missouri, for stealing a horse four years ago, where they would try him
and if found guilty, they would then take him into ano her county
where there was a jail, as there was none in Clark county On the
4th dav of December, I asked him if thev had writs or authority ■* .take
Mr. Avery. He replied, we all had writs. On the oth, said Elliot
said he expected to get into difficulty on account of this scrape; but if
any Mormon makes any business with me, I will shoot him. Andfurth
er your affiant says not. Sission A. Chase.
Subscribed and sworn to this 11th day of December 1843, before me
Aaron Johnson, J. r.
Which I sent to the Governor, with this letter: —
Letter— Joseph Smith to Governor Ford.
Nauvoo, December 11, 1843.
Sir —I herewith f orwardyour Excellency another affidavit on the sub-
ject of the late kidnapping, and shall continue [to do] the same as they
110 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
come to hand, expecting your cordial co-operation in the premises
that the laws may be magnified and made honorable, and our lives
Held precious, our friends saved 'from jeopardy, and the captives freed.
■Respectfully, I have the honor to be
Your obedient servant,
Joseph Smith.
Meetings were held and resolutions passed in all the
Nauvoo> s wards of the city, requesting the city coun-
En£ ge Sr rce cil t0 raise a company of forty men to act as
police.
Last night, two ruffians, whose names are unknown,
went to the house of Brother Eichard Badham— a farmer
living on the prairie, robbed the house of $4.50, threat-
ened his life, stabbed him in the abdomen, when part of
his caul gushed out. Dr. John M. Bernhisel dressed
his wounds today, and he thinks there is a prospect of his
recovering.
Tuesday, 12.— In office at nine a. m., and wrote a let-
ter to my uncle : —
Letter-Joseph Smith to John Smith— 1 he Latter Appointed a Patriarch.
President John Smith.— The petition of a special conference at
Macedonia of last November for your appointment as Patriarch in the
Church has been received, duly considered, and is granted. You have
my best wishes in your behalf, as well as my prayers, that you may till
so honorable and exalted a station with the dignity, sobriety, and
grace which has hitherto characterized your conduct and communion
with men, as a man of God.
.Respectfully yours,
Joseph Smith.
At ten, a. m., attended City Council, which passed an
ordinance exempting all church property from city tax.
In accordance with the petitions from the several
wards, the council passed the following:— "An ordin-
ance for selecting forty policemen and for other purposes.
Ordinance Enlarging Police Force.
"Section 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Nau
voo that the Mayor of said city be, and is hereby authorized to select
and have in readiness for every emergency forty policemen, to be at hi s
A. D. 1843J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH 111
disposal in maintaining: the peace and dignity of the citizens, and en-
forcing the ordinances of the said city, for ferreting out thieves and
bringing them to justice, and to act as daily and nightly watchmen,
and be under the pay of said city.
Passed December 12, 1S-43. ,
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
W. Richards, Recorder.
The Council also passed "An ordinance for the health
and convenience of travelers and other persons. ,:
Ordinance on the Personal Sale of Liquors.
Section 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of Xauvoo, that the
Mayor of the cit> be and is hereby authorized to sell or give spirits
of any quantity as he in his wisdom shall judge to be for the health
and comfort, or convenience of such travelers or other persons as
shall visit his house from time to time.
Passed December 12, 1843.
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Willard Richards, Recorder.
Wednesday, 13.— At home.
I insert an editorial from the Neighbor: —
PUBLIC MEETING AT XAUVOO— THE AGGRESSIONS OP MISSOURI.
It will be seen in another column that a public meeting was held in this
place for the purpose of providing some remedy for the repeated ag-
gressions of the State of Missouri; since which time an ordinance has
been passed by the City Council to carry into effect that object, and to
prevent the citizens of this place from being any longer imposed upon
by the continued illegal proceedings of the state and citizens of Mis-
souri.
We think that it is high time that something should be done to
screen ourselves from the continued aggressions of the meddling,
troublesome, bloodthirsty herd; and we know of no means that will be
more efficient and lawful than the one adopted.
We have done good for evil long enough, in all conscience. We
think that we have fulfilled the Scriptures every whit. They have
smitten us on the one cheek, and we have turned the other, and they
have smitten that also.
We have also fulfilled the law, and more than fulfilled it. And for
sake of peace, when we knew that we had violated no law, nor in any-
wise subjected ourselves to persecutions, we have endured the wrong
patiently, without offering violence or in anywise injuring the heartless
wretches who could be trusted with such a dishonorable document.
112 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Those vagabonds have been suffered to prowl at large, and boast of
their inglorious deeds in our midst; and no man has injured them, or
said, Why do you so?
The time, however, is now gone by for this mode of proceeding, and
those vagabonds must keep within their own borders and let peaceable
citizens alone, or receive the due merit of their crimes. We think that
this ordinance passed by the City Council is wise, judicious, and well-
timed, and is well calculated to protect peaceable citizens in their rights,
and to prevent those lawless vagabonds from interfering with the rights
of peaceable citizens.
To those unaquainted with our relationship to Missouri, and the ac-
cumulated wrongs and repeated aggressions that we have received from
the hands of that State, our language may appear harsh and illtimed;
but those who are in possession ot those facts know better. Thtir mer-
ciless, unrelenting, inhuman prosecutions and persecutions, from the
time of our first settlement in that state until the present, have been
wholly and entirely unprovoked and without the shadow of law.
Joseph Smith has been suffered to be taken time and again by them;
we say suffered, because he could not be legally and constitutionally
taken, Joseph Smith never committed the crimes of which he is
charged. He is an innocent man.
But allowing their false, diabolical accusations to be true, what then?
Does it follow that he is continually to be followed for the same of-
fense? Verily no. The Constitution of the United States expressly
says — "Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be
twice put in jeopardy of life or limb." And yet we find that the State
of Missouri has put Joseph Smith in jeopardy no less than four or five
times. He was tried once by a militarv tribunal in Missouri, and sen-
tenced to be shot. He was afterwards tried by a pretended civil (mob-
ocratic) court; and since then he has been several times apprehended,
tried, and acquitted for the same offense, in this State, by Missouri re-
quisitions.
Is he still illegally and unconstitutionally to be held in abeyance by
these miscreants? or shall we as freeborn American citizens, assert
our rights, put the law in force upon those lawless, prowling vagabonds
and say that he shall be free?
Shall we suffer our pockets to be picked through the influence of
these scoundrels eternally, by defending ourselves against vexatious
lawsuits? or shall we take a more summary way, and by a legal course
punish the aggressors, proclaim our freedom, and shield ourselves un-
der the broad folds of the Constitution? The latter is the course for
us to pursue.
The ordinance passed by the City Council will secure this object;
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 113
and we are glad to find that the opinion of J. Lamborn, attorney
general, and J. N. McDougall, correspond so much with our own —
"That the Nauvoo Legion is an independent military organization, and
is by law expressly required to sustain the municipal laws of Nauvoo.
What are we to say about these kidnappers who infest our borders
and carry away our citizens — those internals in human shape?
The whole European world has been engaged in a warfare against
those who traffic in human blood. Negotiations have been made,
treaties entered into, and fleets have been sent out, through the com-
bined efforts of the nations, to put a stop to this inhuman traffic. But
what would those nations think, if they were told the fact that in
America — Republican America, the boasted cradle of liberty and land
of freedom, — that those dealers in human flesh and blood, negro deal-
ers and drivers, are allowed with impunity to steal white men, and
those sons of liberty can obtain no redress.
Great God! has it come to this, that freeborn American citizens must
be kidnapped by negro drivers? What are our authorities doing! Why
are not these wretches brought to justice? We have heard that one or
two of the citizens of Illinois have been engaged in assisting these
wretches. We shall try to find out who they are and their whereabouts
and make them known; and then, if they are not brought to condign
punishment, we shall say that justice has fled from Illinois,"
Thursday, 14. — At home.
Philander Avery arrived in Nauvoo, having made his
escape from his kidnappers in Missouri.
I received the following milk-and-water letter from Gov-
ernor Ford: —
Letter — Governor Ford to President Smith.
Springfield, December 12, 1843.
General Joseph Smith.
Sir: — I have received your favor of the 6th instant, together with
the proceedings of a public meeting of the citizens of Nauvoo, on the
subject of the late kidnapping, by the people of Missouri and others, of
two citizens of this State.
You request to know if any portion of the Legion shall be called out.
My answer is, No. The Militia cann t be called out, except in the
cases specified by me in my letter to Governor Reynolds, dated in the
month of August last, in which I took the ground that the Militia can
only be called out to repel an invasion, suppress an insurrection, or on
some extreme emergency; and not, to suppress, prevent, or punish in-
dividual crimes. I still am of the opinion that the ground assumed by
8 Vol. VI.
114 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
me on that occasion is the true one. The prevention and punishment
of individual offenses has been confided by the constitution and laws of
this State to the judicial power, and not to the executive.
If a citizen of the State has been kidnapped, or if property has been
stolen from this State, and carried to the State of Missouri, those who
have done either are guilty of an indictable offense. But the constitu-
tion and the laws have provided no means whereby either the person or
property taken away can be returned, except by an appeal to the laws
of Missouri. The Governor has no legal right to demand the return of
either. The only power I would have would be simply this: If any of
the guilty persons should be charged with larceny or kidnapping, by
indictment or affidavit, duly certified, and with having fled to Missouri,
then I would have the power, and it would become my duty to make a
demand upon the Governor of Missouri for the surrender of the fugi-
tives, to be tried by the courts of this State. I am fully satisfied that
in ordinary cases this is all the power I would possess. It would be
simply a power to be exercised in aid of the judicial power. Any other
powers to be exercised by the Governor would be to make him a dicta-
tor and a despot. It is true that an extraordinary case might arise, in
which the inhabitants of one State might aase in warlike and hostile
array against those of another; in which case a state of war would ex-
ist, and then only could I interfere.
I would advise your citizens to be strictly peaceable towards the peo-
ple of Missouri. You ought to be aware that in every country individ-
uals are liable to be visited with wrong, which the law is slow to re-
dress, and some of which are never redressed in this world. This fact,
however, has never been held to be a justification for violence, not
warranted by law.
If any of the people of Nauvoo should invade Missouri for the pur
pose of rescuing persons there in jail, the consequenae would be that
indictments would be presented against them, and demands made upon
me for their arrest and surrender; which demands I would be com-
pelled to obey, and thus they would be harassed by interminable de-
mands and prosecutions; and very likely it would lead to a species of
border warfare, which would be exceedingly annoying to a peaceable
city, and, if you could be placed in the wrong, might lead to exceedingly
unpleasant consequences with reference both to law and public opinion.
You inform me that you are informed that Governor Reynolds is
about to make a new demand for you; and you implore my protection
from what you term this renewed persecution. In the month of Aug-
ust last, I was furnished by your friends with a very large amount of
affidavits and evidence, said to be intended to show cause why no
further writs should be issued against you. As they are very volumin
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 115
ous, [ hare not yet read them, and probably never will, unless a new
demand should be made; in which case they will receive a careful
perusal: and you may rest assured that no steps will be taken by me
but such as the constitution and laws may require.
I am, very respectfully, &c,
Thomas Ford.
It appears |j?om-thts4etter, that Governor Ford has nev-
er taken pains to examine the evidences placed in his
hands, "and probably never will," in relation to the Mis-
souri writs; and evidently as little pains to comment of the
examine the Constitution of the United States e ™o' r Eoxii's
or even reflect upon the ordinary principles of attltude -
human rights, to suppose that a State, after having, by a
union of executive, judicial and military powers, exter-
minated 15,000 of its innocent inhabitants, who -were not
even charged with any crime, robbing them of all they
possessed on earth, murdering scores of men, women and
children, and expelling all the others from the State,
among strangers, in mid- winter, destitute of everything
upon the face of the earth that could possibly have a tend-
ency to make life desirable, should be constitutionally
entitled to demand back from banishment persons who
have thus suffered its absolute decrees of exile, to satiate
a yet unsatiated thirst for human blood and torture.
reason, where art thou fled! O humanity, where hast
thou hidden thyself? Patriots of '76, has your blood
been spilt in vain, that in 1843 the Executive of a great
Republican State can coolly say, "I have not yet read
them, and probably never will !" Is liberty only a name!
Is protection of person and property fled from free Amer-
ica? Let those answer who can. \>
Friday, 15.— I awoke this morning in good health, but
was soon suddenly seized with a great dryness of the
mouth and throat, sickness of the stomach, a Sudden
7 Illness
and vomited freely. My wife waited on me, of the Prophet,
assisted by my scribe, Dr. Willard Richards, and his
brother .Levi, who administered to me herbs and mild
116 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1843
drinks. I was never prostrated so low, in so short a time,
before; but by evening was considerably revived.
Very warm for the season.
Saturday, 16. — This morning I felt considerably better ;
arose at 10, and sat all day in the City Council, which was
held in my house for my accommodation.
The Mayor, Aldermen, and Councilors signed officially
the Memorial to Congress for redress of losses and griev-
ances in Missouri. While discussing the peti-
Corument on . ,
Appeal to the tion to Congress, I prophesied, by virtue ot
ernmentfor the holy Priesthood vested in me, and in the
name of the Lord Jesus Christ, that, if Con-
gress will not hear our petition and grant us protection,
they shall be broken up as a government.* *
I informed the Council that it was my wish they should
ask the privilege of calling on Government for the United
States troops to protect us in our privileges, which is not
unconstitutional, but lies in the breast of Congress.
Heber C. Kimball was duly elected city auctioneer, in
place of Charles Warner, removed.
The Council passed ' 'An ordinance regulating merchants
and grocers;" also "An ordinance concerning the land-
ing of steamers ; ' ' and Jonathan Dunham was appointed
wharf-master for one year.
* This prediction doubtless has reference to the party in power; to the "govern-
ment" considered as the administration; not to the "government" considered as
the countrv; hut the administration party, the Democratic Party, which had con-
trolled the destiny of the country for forty years. It is matter of history that a
few years later the party then in power lost control of the national government,
followed by the terrible conflict of the Civil War. The Party against which the
above prediction was made so far lost its influence that it did not again return
to power for a quarter of a century; and when it did return to power it was with
such modified views as to many great questions of government, that it could
scarcly be regarded as the same party except in name.
Lest it should be urged that the Whig party was in control of the government in
1843, I call attention to the fact that while General Harrison, a Whig, was elected
in 1840, he was President only one month, as he died on the 4th of April, 1841.
His whole cabinet, excepting Mr. Webster, Secretary of State, resigned, and the
Vice President became President. Though elected by the Whigs Mr. Tyler was a
Democrat "and the Whig administration had but a month's actual existence. 'j
(See History of the United States, Morris, pp 311, 312).
A.D. 1843J HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 117
Heber C. Kimball and George A. Smith were appointed
a committee to wait on Mr. Davidson Hibbard, and
solicit from him a block of land, whereon to erect a city
prison.
After Council, conversed with some of the Twelve,
brother Turley and others, till 8 p. m. Prayer meeting
in the evening.
Warm, foggy, and muddy day.
Sunday, 17. — At home till 4 p. m.; attended prayer
meeting at the assembly room. Samuel Harrison Smith
admitted. Returned home at 7.
River clear of ice as far up as the Stone Tavern.
Mr. King Pollet, one of the constables of Hancock
County, started with ten men this afternoon to arrest John
Elliott for kidnapping Daniel Avery, upon a warrant
granted by Aaron Johnson, Esq., J. P.
Monday, 18. — After dinner, Constable Follet returned
with John Elliott, a schoolmaster, when an examination
was had before Esq . Johnson, in the assembly room. Elliott
was found guilty of kidnapping Avery, and bound over in
the sum of $3,000 to the Circuit court of Carthage for trial.
I endeavored to have the court reduce those bonds, as Mr.
Elliott was comparatively a stranger in Nauvoo; but did
not succeed.
During the investigation, testimony appeared to show
that Elliott had threatened my life; and for this I made af-
fidavit and brought him to > trial before Robert D. Foster,
J. P., immediately after he had been bound over by Esq.
Johnson. I extract from the proceedings, in part, from
the Neighbor: —
THE TRIAL OF JOHN ELLIOTT.
The prisoner was brought forward, and the court said it was his
privilege to plead for a change of ivenue, by paying the costs; but as the
costs were not forthcoming, the court proceeded.
Mr. Styles then read the "Act to regulate the apprehension of offend-
ers and for other purposes," p 219, r. s. The act sets forth that the
use of threatening language is sufficient to criminate individuals. This
we are prepared to prove.
118 HISTOKY OS THE CHUKCH f A.D. 1343
Sisson Chase sworn.
The testimony was similar to that before deliverd, [in Chase affidavit
see p. 109] with the following additional items: —
I did ask him if he had authority. In the moraine: he said that he
would not care about shooting some of the Mormons. In conversation
with him, he carried the idea that a conspiracy was formed against
Joseph Smith and others, and that some of tbem would be shot. These
conversations were had at different times. He thought Mr. Smith was a
bad character. He thought they ought to be taken. Question: Who?
Joseph Smith and some others.
I told him he had been taken, but had been acquitted. He did not
thank the Governor for that. He carried the ide<* that there was a con-
spiracy against his life, and said we have a plan in operation that will
pop him over.
Mr. Elliott sworn.
By the Court: Is your residence, Mr. Elliott, in this county? Yes.
Messrs. Marr and Styles, attorneys, resident in Nauvoo, made some
thrilling remarks pertaining to„the outrageous proceedings of Missouri.
The diabolical conduct of those wretches who could be engaged in de-
stroying and kidnapping their f ellowmen was portrayed in glowing colors.
Judge Phelps and General Smith then followed on the same sub-
ject: their language was thrillingly eloquent and powerful. If ever
inhumanity and deeds of blood were depicted in their true colors, it
was on that occasion: the ir Jthoughts flashed as fire, and they spake
in "words that burned." We 'never saw the character of General
Smith so clearly developed; for while he abhorred and depicted the
fiendish crime that the culprit|stood charged with in its true colors,
he pitied the poor wretch that then stood before him, and with feel-
ings of commiseration, benevolence, and philanthrophy, withdrew his
charge — wished, if it was within the power of the court, that the cul-
prit might be forgiven, — promised to pay all the charges, and invited
him and those of his friends who -came along with him, to come to his
house, and they -^should be taken care of. It would be superfluous
for us to attempt to give even a faint outline of the remarks made by
the above-named gentlemen. We hope to have at least a synopsis of
their speeches for publication, which we are sure would be highly in-
teresting to our readers. Upon the whole, although a painful, vet
it was an interesting occasion and will long be remembered; and un-
less Mr. Elliott's heart and those of his friends were made of adamant,
it must have made ani indelible impression on their minds, and almost
made them hate themselves.
I received fromj AaroD Johnson, Esq., the following
demand: —
A.U. 1843.1 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 119
Legion Aid Applied For.
City of Nauvoo, December 18, 1843.
Sir: — Ihave been informed that a writ issued by me for the body
of Levi Williams, for kidnapping Daniel Avery, will be resisted by an
armed force: Therefore, according to the provision of the Charter,
I wish you to order me a detachment of the Nauvoo Legion— say 100
men, to enforce the law of the State, and bring the said Williams to
justice.
Aaron Johnson, J. P.
Which demand 1 complied with by writing to Major-
General Wilson Law.
Detachment oj the Legion Ordered into Service.
City of Nauvoo, Dec. 18, 1843.
Sir; — You will detach 100 men, under the direction of Aaron John-
son, a Justice of the Peace, for the purpose of assisting the constable
in executing: the law of the State in taking Levi Williams, who is
charged with kidnapping Daniel Avery.
Yours,
Joseph Smith, Lieut-Gen., N. L.
To Major-Gen. Wilson Law,
Commanding Nauvoo Legion.
Gen. Wilson detached Colonel Stephen Markham with
100 men for that purpose.
About 10 p. m., two young men arrived as express,
stating that a mob was collecting at Warsaw,
° ' Rumors of
also at Colonel Levi Williams' house; and Mob Rising,
messengers had gone to the mob in Missouri to reinforce
their number there.
Dr. Eichards made the following affidavit: —
Affidavit of Willard Eichards that Nauvoo Was in Danger.
State of Illinois, City of Nauvoo,
December 18, 1843.
Personally appeared Willard Richards before me, Joseph Smith,
Mayor of said city, and upon his oath deposeth and saith that from in-
formation he has received, he verily believes that the peace of said city
is in danger from a mobocratic assemblage at Warsaw, and a force col-
lected under the command of Colonel Levi Williams in the lower part
of the county, and runners having been sent to Missouri to excite the
Missourians to join the mobbers in this county, for the purpose of mak-
120 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
ing a descent on said city, or disturbing its peaceable inhabitants; and
further your deponent saith not.
Willard Richards.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 18th December, 1843.
W. W. Phelps,
Clerk of the Mayor's Court.
Whereupon I wrote to Major- General Wilson Law: —
Legion Ordered into Service.
City of Nauvoo, Dec. 18, 1843.
Sir:— I am credibly informed that a warlike force is collecting at or
near Warsaw, for the purpose of some violent move towards this city
or some of the inhabitants thereof. You will therefore order out such
a portion of the Nauvoo Legion as may be necessary to repel any such
• mobocratic or hostile design of the same unlawful force, and also as
may be sufficient to secure the peace of the citizens, according to law.
Yours,
,, n ^ Joseph Smith, Lieut-Gen. N. L.
Major-Gen. Wilson Law,
Commanding Nauvoo Legion.
I returned home to rest about one o'clock in the morn-
ing of the 19th.
Tuesday, 19.— At home. About 9 a. m., a part of the
company who went with Hosea Stout returned, and stated
Moves and that they went within two miles of Colonel
M°oves er Williams', when they were informed that a
of Forces it o
body ot men, armed with rifles, &c., were
collected at his house, and he judged it prudent to return
for weapons and help; also that Brother Chester Love-
land told them that he had seen thirty armed men follow-
ing Constable King Follett some miles on his way, when
he had Elliott in custody.
Esq. Johnson immediately wrote to Loveland to have
him come to Nauvoo and make affidavit of the warlike
movements of the mob, that he might send to the Governor.
I directed my clerks to make copies of the affidavits re-
specting the kidnapping of the Averys to send to Gover-
nor Ford, that he might be left without excuse, although
he may probably not read them.
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 121
Elder William Martindale writes from Washington,
Wayne county, Iowa: —
STRANGE CELESTIAL PHENOMENON — 1860.
A singular phenomenon was seen in this neighborhood. Jesse Fox,
William and Lorenzo Fox, David Bale, James Wilson, and William
Cole, with some others, retired to the house of Solomon Mendenhall, at
which place they stayed a short time. While there they discovered a
ball rising from the east in an oblique line; and as it ascended it moved
towards the west with great rapidity until it was high in the heavens,
leaving a streak of light behind it, which to the natural eye, had the ap-
pearance of being thirty or forty feet in length. This light remained
stationary for about one minute. Both ends then coming round,
formed a figure 8, which figure also retained its position for the same
space of time. It then was transformed into a figure 6, which also re-
mained for about a minute. It then was formed into a cypher or 0,
which remained for about three minutes. The figures put together
made I860 in large figures in the heavens. The phenomenon was in-
deed singular, and has been a matter of great speculation with us.
At one p. m. I was present when the Legion paraded
near the Temple, were inspected by the officers, and in-
structed to prepare themselves with arms and ammunition
and to hold themselves in readiness, for a
moment's notice. Brother Henrv Bolev was
shot severely under the arm by the accidental discharge
of his gun.
Amos S. Chase made the following affidavit: —
Affidavit of Amos Chase.
State of Illinois,
City of Nauvoo. J
On the 19th day of December, 1843, came Amos S. Chase before me
Joseph Smith, Mayor of said city; and after being duly sworn, depos-
eth and saith that on the 18th day of Decemher, 1843, he was about
four miles below Warsaw, in Hancock County, shortly after the con-
stable arrested John Elliott for being concerned in kidnapping Daniel
Avery, not long since, and saw the men of the neighborhood gather-
ering with arms to retake the said John Elliott; and when asked what
they would do, if the Governor did not sanction such an unlawful
course, several of them replied, "Damn the Governor! If he opens his
head, we will punch a hole through him! He dare not open his head!
We will serve him the same sauce we will the Mormons." The said
122 HISTOKY 01 THE CHUECH. [A. D. 1843
mob then went to Warsaw, where your affiant saw them with their arms;
and further your affiant saith not.
Amos S. Chase,
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 19th day of December,
1843.
W. W. Phelps, Clerk, M. C.
Wednesday, 20. — At home, in good health and spirits,
counseling and attending to business in general.
The Clerk of the Municipal Court took the following af-
fidavits : —
affidavits of philander avery — missouri kidnapping.
State of Illinois,
ss
City of Nauvoo. j
On the 20th day of December, 1843, personally appeared before me,
Willard Richards, clerk of the Municipal Court of said city Philander
Avery, of Bear Creek precinct, in said county, and after being duly
sworn, deposeth and saith that on the 19th day of November, 1843, at
his house, in the precinct aforesaid, Ebenezer Richardson, of Lee
county, Territory of Iowa, by false pretenses, persuaded your affiant to
accompany said Richardson to the Missisippi river at Warsaw, where
your affiant was seized by one Joseph C. McCoy, of Clark county, Mis-
souri, in connection with the said Richardson, and about one dozen of
other individuals, whose names are unknown to your affiant, and by
them forced across said Mississippi River, where they bound your affi-
ant; and Mark Childs swore that your affiant had stolen said McCoy's
horse and colt, and that his father Daniel Avery had secreted said
horse and colt, and said Richardson threatened your affiant with death
or seven years 1 imprisonment, in order to persuade him to make false
statements, and testify that his father, Dauiel Avery, had stolen said
McCoy's horse and colt, which statements your affiaut made, and swore
to the same, while in duress, with a bowie knife presented to intimidate.
And your affiant further saith that the testimony he gave concerning
his father's guilt, was extorted from him through fear, while in duress,
and said testirnouy was absolutely false, and your affiant fully believes
that his father is innocent of the crime of stealing said McCoy's horse
and colt; and further your deponent saith not.
Philander Avery.
Subscribed and sworn to before me; in testimony whereof
[L. S.] I have set my hand and affixed the seal of said court at Nau-
voo aforesaid, this 20th day of December, A. D. 1843.
Willard Richards,
Clerk of the Municipal Court of the City of Nauvoo,
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 123
Affidavit of the Hamiltons.
State of Illinois, 1
County op Hancock, j
On the 20th day of December, 1843, personally appeared before me
Aaron Johnson, a Justice of the Peace in and for said county, Andrew
H. Hamilton, and James B. Hamilton, of Bear Creek precinct, in said
county, and, after being duly sworn, depose and say that on the even-
ing of the 2nd day of December, 1843, at Vernon Doty's
mill, in said precinct, Colonel Levi Williams, of said Hancock county,
as principal, and his son, John Williams, with William Middleton, of
the county of Clark and State of Missouri, Captain McCoy, of the sai(j
county of Clark and State of Missouri, John Fox of Green Plains pre
cinct, and about a dozen other men, armed with pistols, dirks and bowie
kuives came forcibly upon Daniel Avery at said Doty's mill, and
seized and bound him. The said Avery told them to stand off. They
said they had a writ. He observed, he would not resist legal authority.
They said they would take said Avery to Warsaw, and there to try him.
The said Avery replied, "I understand yon: you will take me to War-
saw, and there pass me over the river to Missouri." Some of said
gang then shouted, "Lay hold of him; G — d d — n him, lay hold of him:
there's no use of parleying;" at which Colonel Levi Williams, with a
large bowie-knife in his hand, and others, then forced the said Daniel
Avery to submit, telling him (without a writ,) that his life would be
taken if he did not submit. They then tied him with silk handker-
chiefs. Colonel Levi Williams and another person then led the said
Daniel Avery away: and as they passed your affiants within the dis-
tance of about four rods, the said Daniel Avery cried out to one of your
said affiants, "tell my friends where I am gone." Colonel Williams told
said Avery to hold his peace, for it was of no use. William Middleton
then got a horse; and after tying him upon said horse, as sworn to be-
fore by another witness, they then conveyed him to Missouri without a
writ or trial, as vour affiants verily believe; and further they say not.
Andrew M. Hamilton.
James B. Hamilton.
Subscribed and sworn to this 20th day of December, 1843, before
me.
Aaron Johnson, J. P.
124 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. lA.I). 1843
CHAPTER VI.
memorial of city council to congress anent missouri
affairs — Rockwell's return to nauvoo — recital of
his adventures — avery's acquittal by Missouri's
courts — nauvoo 's police force increased — publica-
tions on mormonism, pro et con — 1843.
Thursday, December 21, 1843. — About one o'clock in the
morning I was alarmed by the firing of a gun, got up, and
went down to the river bank to see the guard, and in-
quire the cause of it. To my surprise, they had not
heard it, although I felt sure it was fired in Montrose.
The morning proved it to be correct, some rowdies in
Montrose had been firing in the night.
At noon met with the City Council which voted that
Councilor Orson Pratt present the Memorial and Ordin-
ance to Congress.
Passed "An ordinance to prevent unlawful search or
seizure of person or property by foreign [i.e. outside]
process in the city of Nauvoo."
Heber C. Kimball resigned his office as city auctioneer
and Charles Warner was re-elected.
John P. Greene was duly elected city marshal, in the
room of Henry G. Sherwood, who expects to leave soon.
I gave instructions to the marshal and policemen to
see that all carrion is removed out of the city,
for a clean, and all houses kept in order, — to stop the
buys when fighting in the streets, and prevent
children from floating off on the ice, and correct anything
out of order, like fathers; and I offered to build the city
jail, if it was left to my dictation, which the Council
authorized me to do.
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 125
I insert the Memorial from the City Council to the Con-
gress of the United States for redress of grievances and
protection from further persecution, which was signed by
them: —
MEMORIAL OF THE CITY COUNCIL TO CONGRESS.
"To the Honorable Senators and Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled,
We, the undersigned members of the City Council of the City of
Nauvoo, citizens of Hancock County, Illinois, and exiles from the State
of Missouri, being in council assembled, unanimously and respectfully,
for ourselves, and in behalf of many thousands of other exiles, memor-
ialize the honorable Senators and Representatives of our nation upon
the subject of the unparalleled persecutions and cruelties inflicted upon
us and upon our constituents by the constituted authorities of the State
of Missouri, and likewise upon the subject of the present unfortunate
circumstances in which we are placed in the land of our exile. As a
history of the Missouri outrages has been extensively published, both
in this country and in Europe, it is deemed unnecessary to particular-
ize all of the wrongs and grievances inflicted upon us in this memorial.
As there is an abundance of well-attested documents to which your
honorable body can at any time refer, hence we only embody the fol-
lowing important items for your consideration.
First: — Your memorialists, as freeborn citizens of this great repub-
lic, relying with the utmost confidence upon the sacred "articles of the
Constitution," by which the several States are bound together, and con-
sidering ourselves entitled to all the privileges and immunities of free
citizens in what State soever we desired to locate ourselves, com-
menced a settlement in the county of Jackson, on the western frontiers
of the State of Missouri, in the summer of 1831.
There we purchased lands from the Government, erected several
hundred houses, made extensive improvements, and shortly the wild
and lonely prairies and stately forests were converted into well cul-
tivated and fruitful fields. There we expected to spend our days in the
enjoyment of all the rights and liberties bequeathed to us by the suf-
ferings and blood of our noble ancestors. But alas! our expectations
were vain.
Two years had scarcely elapsed before we were unlawfully and un-
constitutionally assaulted by an organized mob, consisting of the high-
est officers in the county, both civil and military, who openly and bold-
ly avowed their determination in a written circular to drive us from
said county.
As a specimen of their treasonable and cruel designs, your honor-
126 HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. |A.D. 1843
able body are referred to said circular, of which the following is but a
short extract, — namely: "We the undersigned citizens of Jackson
county, believing that an important crisis is at hand, as regards our
civil society, in consequence of a pretended religious sect of people
tbat have settled and are still settling in our county, styling themselves
Mormons, and iutending as we do to rid our society, 'peaceably if we
can, forcibly if we must;' and believing as we do that the arm of the
civil law does not afford us a guarantee, or at least a sufficient one,
against the evils which are now inflicted upon us, and seem to be in-
creasing by the said religious sect, deem it expedient and of the high-
est importance to form ourselves into a company for the better and
easier accomplishment of our purpose."
This document was closed in the following words: — "We therefore
agree that, after timely warning, and receiving an adequate compensa-
tion for what little property they cannot take with them, they refuse to
leave us in peace, as they found us, we agree to use such means as may
be sufficient to remove them; and to that end we each pledge to each
other our bodily powers, our lives, fortunes, and sacred honors."
To this unconstitutional document were attached the names of near-
ly every officer in the county, together with the names of hundreds of
others.
It was by this band of murderers that your memorialists, in the year
1833, were plundered of their property and robbed of their peaceable
homes. It was by them that their fields were laid waste, their houses
burned, and their men, women, and children, to the number of about
twelve hundred persons, banished as exiles from the county, while
others were cruelly murdered by their hands. •
Second: After our expulsion from Jackson county, we settled in
Clay county, on the opposite side of the Missouri river, where we pur-
chased lands both from the old settlers and from the [U. S.] Land Of-
fice: but soon we were again violeutly threatened by mobs, and
obliged to leave our homes, and seek out a new location.
Third: Our next settlement was in Caldwell county, where we pur-
chased the most of the land in said countv, beside a part of the lands
in Daviess and Carroll counties. These counties were almost entirely in
a wild and uncultivated state ; but, by the persevering industry of our cit-
izens, large and extensive farms were opened in every direction, well
stocked with numerous flocks and herds. We also commenced settle-
ments in several other counties of the state, and once more confidently
hoped to enjoy the hard-earned fruits of our labor unmolested.
But our hopes were soon blasted. The cruel and murderous spirit
which first began to manifest itself in the constituted authorities and
inhabitants of Jackson county, and afterwards in Clay and the sur-
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 127
rounding counties, receiving no check either from the civil or military
power of the state, had in the meantime taken courage, and boldly and
fearlessly spread its contaminating and treasonable influence into every
department of the government of said state. Lieutenant-Governor Boggs,
a resident of Jackson county, who acted a conspicuous part in our ex-
pulsion from said county, instead of being tried for treason and rebel-
lion against the Constitution, aud suffering the just penalty of his
crimes, was actually elected governor; and placed in the executive chair.
Thus the inhabitants of the State were greatly encouraged to renew
with redoubled fury, their unlawful attacks upon our defenseless set-
tlements. Men, women, and children were driven away in every direc-
tion before their merciless persecutors, robbed of their possessions,
their property, their provisions, and their all, cast forth upon the bleak,
snowy prairies, houseless and unprotected. Many sank down and
expired under their accumulated sufferings, while others, after endur-
ing hurger and the severities of the season, suffering all but death,
arrived in Caldwell county, to which place they were driven from all
the surrounding counties, only to witness a still more heart-rending
scene.
In vain had we appealed to the constituted authorities of Missouri
for protection and redress of our former grievances. In vain we now
stretched out our hands and appealed as the citizens of this creat
republic to the svmpathies, to the justice, and magnanimity of those in
power. In vain we implored again and again at the feet of Governor
Boggs, our former persecutor, for aid and protection against the rav
ages and murders now inflicted upon our defenseless and unoffending
citizens. The cry of American citizens, already twice driven and
deprived of liberty, could not penetrate their adamantine hearts.
The Governor, instead of sending us aid, issued a proclamation for
our extermination and banishment, ordered out the forces of the State,
placed them under the command of General Clark, who, to execute
these exterminating orders, marched several thousand troops into our
settlements in Caldwell county, where, unrestrained by fear of law or
justice, and urged on by the highest authority of the state, they laid
waste our fields of corn, shot down our cattle and hogs for sport,
burned our dwellings, inhumanly butchered some eighteen or twenty
defenseless citizens, dragged from their hiding-places little children,
and placing the muzzles of their guns to their heads, shot them [such
acts being accompanied] with the most horrid oaths and imprecations-
An aged hero and patriot of the Revolution, who served under Gen-
eral Washington, while in the act of pleading for quarter, was cruelly
murdered and hewed in pieces with an old corn eutter; and in addition
to all these savage acts of barbarity, they forcibly dragged virtuous and
128 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
inoffensive females from their dwellings, bound them upon benches
used for public worship, where they in great numbers ravished them
in the most brutal manner.
Some fifty or sixty of the citizens were thrust into prisons and dun-
geons, where, bound in chains, they were fed on human flesh, while
their families and some fifteen thousand others were at the point of the
bayonet, forcibly expelled from the State.
In the meantime, to pay the expenses of these horrid outrages,
they confiscated our property, and robbed us of all our posses-
sions.
Before our final expulsion, with a faint and lingering hope we peti-
tioned the State legislature then in session, unwilling to believe that the
virtue and patriotism of the venerable fathers of the Revolution had
fled from the bosoms of their illustrious descendants — unwilling to be-
lieve that American citizens could appeal in vain for a restoration of
liberty cruelly wrested from them by cruel tyrants. But in the language
of our noble ancestors, "our repeated petitions were only answered
by repeated injuries."
The legislature, instead of hearing the cries of 15,000 suffering,
bleeding, unoffending citizens, sanctioned and sealed the unconstitu-
tional acts of the governor and his troops, by appropriating 200,000
dollars to defray the expenses of exterminating us from the State. No
friendly arm was stretched out to protect us. The last ray of hope for
redress in that State was now entirelv extinguished. We saw no other
alternative but to bow down our necks and wear the cruel yoke of op-
pression, and quietly and submissively suffer ourselves to be banished
as exiles from our possessions, our property, and our sacred homes, or
otherwise see our wives and children coldly butchered and murdered
by tyrants in power.
Fourth. Our next permanent settlement was in the land of our
exile, the State of Illinois, in the spring of 1839; but even here we are
not secure from our relentless persecutor, the State of Missouri. Not
satisfied in having drenched her soil in the blood of innocence, and
expelling us from her borders, she pursues her unfortunate victims into
banishment, seizing upon and kidnapping them in their defenseless
moments, dragging them across the Mississippi river, upon their inhos-
pitable shores, there they are tortured, whipped, immured in dun-
geons, and finally hung [as a means of torture, but not unto death] by
the neck without any legal process what ever.
We have memorialized the former Executive of this State, Governor
Carlin, upon these lawless outrages committed upon our citizens; but
he renderd us no protection. Missouri, receiving no check in her mur
derous career, continues her depredation?, again and again kidnapping
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 129
our citizens and robbing us of our property; while others, who fortun-
ately survived the execution of her bloody edicts, are again and again
demanded by the Executive of that State, on pretense of some crime
said to have been committed by them during the exterminating expedi-
tion against our people.
As an instance, General Joseph Smith, one of your memorialists, has
been three times demanded, tried, and acquitted by the courts of this
State, upon investigation under writs of habeas corpus, once by the
United States Court for the District of Illinois, again by the Circuit
Court of the State of Illinois, and lastly by the Municipal Court of the
City of Xauvoo, when at the same time a nolle prosequi had been entered
by the courts of Missouri upon all the cases of that State against Jos-
eph Smith and others.
Thus the said Joseph Smith has been several times tried for the same
alleged offense, put in jeopardy of life and limb, contrary to the fifth
article of the amendments to the Constitution of the United States; and
thus we have been continually harassed and robbed of our money to
defray the expenses of these vexatious prosecutions. And what at the
present time seems to be still more alarming, is the hostility manifested
by some of the authorities and citizens of this State [Illinois.]
Conventions have been called, inflammatory speeches made, and many
unlawful and unconstitutional resolutions adopted to deprive us of
our rights, our liberties, and the peaceable enjoyment of our posses-
sions.
From the present hostile aspect, and from bitter experience in the
State of Missouri, it is greatly feared lest the barbarous scenes act-
ed in that State will be re-acted in this. If Missouri goes un-
punished, others will be greatly encouraged to follow her murder-
ous examples.
The afflictions of your memorialists have already been overwhelm-
ing — too much for humanitv, too much for American citizens to en-
dure without complaint. We have groaned under the iron hand of
tyranny and oppression these many vears. We have been robbed
of our property to the amount of two millions of dollars. We have
been hunted as wild beasts of the forest. We have seen our aged fath-
ers who fought in the Revolution and our innocent children alike
slaughtered by our persecutors; we have seen the fair daughters of
American citizens insulted and abused in the most inhuman manner;
and finally we have seen fifteen thousand souls — men, women and chil-
dren, driven by force of arms during the severities of the winter from
their sacred homes and firesides, penniless and unprotected, to a land
Of strangers.
Under all these afflicting circumstances, we imploringly stretch forth
9 Vol. VI.
130 HiSlOKY OF THE CHUKOH. l^.l>. lb4o
our hands towards the highest councils of our nation, and humbly
appeal to the illustrious Senators and Representatives of a great and
free people for redress and protection.
Hear, hear the petitioning voice of many thousands of American
citizens, who now groan in exile on Columbia's free soil! Hear, hear
the weeping and bitter lamentations of widows and orphans, whose
husbands and fathers have been cruelly martyred in the land where
the proud eagle exulting soars! Let it not be recorded in the archives
of the nations that Columbia's exiles sought protection and redress at
jour hands, but sought it in vain. It is in your power to save us, our
wives, and our children fiom ajgpetitio nof th ebloodthirsty. scenes of
Missouri, and greatly relieve theTears^of"' a 'persecuted and injured
people, by ordaining for their protection the following ordinance,
namely—
AN ORDINANCE
For the protection oj the people styled the Church of Jesus Christ
oj Latter-day Saints, residing on the western borders of the
State of Illinois.
PREAMBLE.
Whereas the State of Missouri at sundry times has unconstitutionally
deprived a certain portion of her citizens (called "Mormons,") of their
rights, property, lands, and even of their lives:
And whereas, in the years 1838 and 1839 the said State of Missouri
with impunity did illegally and inhumanly exile and banish for ever
from her limits and jurisdiction all the said citizens (called "Mormons,")
that remained alive.
And whereas, after being hospitably received by the citizens of
Illinois, the said State of Illinois did grant, enact, and charter for
the benefit and convenience of the said exiled "Mormons" as fol-
lows: —
[Here in the original document is inserted the city charter of
Nauvoo already published, Vol. IV, pp 239-249.]
And whereas, by the 10th article of the Constitution of the United
States as amended— "Art. 10. The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are re-
served to the States respectively, or to the people;'' and whereas, ac-
cording to the fourth article and section second, "The citizens of each
state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the
several States:" and whereas, according to the second paragraph of the
A..D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 131
third section of said Conscitution, "The Congress shall have power to
dispose of and make the needful rules and regulations respecting
territory;" and whereas the said Congress has the power to protect
each state against invasion and insurrection: and whereas most of the
inhabitants of the city of Nauvoo are exiles from the State of Missouri:
and whereas most of the lands owned in the State of Missouri were
purchased from the United States, and patented by the United States
to the amount of more than $200,000 worth: and whereas the United
States are bound to clear the title and protect it: and whereas the said
exiles or expelled "Mormons" have lost in property and damages about
two millions of dollars: and whereas the said State of Missouri con-
tinues her ravages, persecutions, and pluaderings, by kidnapping said
exiles from Illinois, and by other depredations:
Now, therefore, to show the fatherly care of the United States, to
ratify the said charter, to protect the said exiles from mob violence,
and shield them in their rights: —
Section 1. Be it ordained by the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that all
the rights, powers, privileges, and immuniti esbelonging to Territories,
and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, are hereby
granted aud secured to t he inhabitantsof t he city of N auvoo, in addition
toTEe spirit, letter, meaning, and provisions of the afore-mentioned
charter, or act of incorporation from the State of Illinois, until the
State of Missouri restores to those exiled citizens the lands, rights,
privileges, property, and damage for all losses.
Section 2. And be it further ordained, in order to effect the object
and further intention of this ordinance, and for the peace, security,
happiness, convenience, benefit, and prosperity of the said city of Nau-
voo, and for the common weal and honor of our country, that the mayor
of Nauvoo be, and he is hereby empowered by this consent of the Pres-
ident of the United States; whenever the actual necessity of the case
and the public safety shall require it, to call _to his aid a ^sufficie nt nu m-
ber o f United States forces, in connection wi th the Nauvoo Legion, to
repel the invasion of mobs, keep the public peace, and protect the
innocent from the unhallowed ravages of lawless banditti that escape
justice on the western frontier; and also to preserve the power and
dignity of the Union.
Section 3. And be it further ordained that the officers of the United
States army are hereby required to obey the requisitions of this
ordinance.
Section 4. And be it further ordained that, for all services rendered
in quelling mobs and preserving the puhlic peace the said Nauvoo
132 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Legion shall be under the same regulations, rules, and laws of pay as
the troops of the United States.
City of Nauvoo, Illinois, December 21st, 1843.
Hyrum Smith, Benjamin Warrington,
John Taylor, Daniel Spencer,
Orson Pratt, Brigham Young,
W. W. Phelps, Orson Hyde,
Councilors;
Heber C. Kimball,
Orson Spencer,
Daniel H. Wells,
Samuel Bennett,
Geo. A. Smith,
Geo. W. Harris,
Aldermen;
Joseph Smith, Mayor;
Willard Richards, Recorder;
John P. Greene, Marshal. *
Two letters came into the post-office from the sheriff of
Clark County, Missouri. From them it appears that that
State wishes to continue the old game of seizing witnesses
and making prisoners of them, to cover up her mobocracy
and kidnapping under a legal form. The following answer
was written: —
Letter: W. W. Phelps to J. White, Esq., Anent Avery Affair.
City of Nauvoo, III., Dec. 21, 1843.
Sir, — Two letters were put into my hands this morning relative to
the witnesses of Mr. Avery's innocence as to being accessory to horse
stealing some four years since. In the first place, Mr. Avery was
abducted from this State without process, contrary to law. In the
second place, the principal for felony by the law of Missouri should be
indicted within three years, &e. Again, the revised statutes of
Missouri have a wise provision in such cases as Mr. Avery's. If Mr.
Avery, therefore, will sue out a commission according to the law ccn
* There was also a Memorial prepared by the Prophet from the inhabitants of
Hancock county generally to the same effect as the above, but it wa3 never
extensively signed or presented to Congress.
A.D. 18431 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 133
cerning depositions, (R. S., page 219 to 222,) directed to Alderman
Geo. W. Harris, an acting justice of the peace for the city of Nauvoo,
and count3' of Hancock, the necessary testimony to establish Mr. Avery's
innocence will be taken according to law, and forwarded to the proper
officer in due time.
Respectfully, &c.
W. W. Phelps.
J. White, Esq., Dep. Sheriff,
Clark Co., Waterloo, Mo.
P.S. You will have the politeness to show this to Mr. Avery.
In the evening I was visited by several strangers, and
had considerable conversation with them.
Friday, 22. — At home at nine o'clock, a. m., reading a
magazine to inv children.
A little after twelve went into the store-room occupied
by Butler and Lewis, and commenced a con-
versation with Dr. John F. Charles, to convince prophet on
him that mobocracy is not justifiable, and that J n °d pontics.
I did not deal in politics.
David Bolman, living about two miles from Ramus,
went out in the evening with his family visiting. About
ten o'clock he discovered his house on fire. The neigbors
had inquired how long he would be gone. A man rode to
Carthage. A company went up, secured the provisions
to themselves, and fired the house.
Warm and pleasant weather.
Saturday, 23. — At home, counseling the brethren who
called on me, and attending to my domestic duties,
making preparations for a Christmas dinner party.
Prayer meeting in the Assembly Room.
Sunday, 24. — At home. Received a visit from Mr.
Richardson, one of the men who assisted in kidnapping
Avery. He manifested some repentance and sorrow for
his part in that transaction, and promised to use what
influence he had with the Missourians to have Avery set
at liberty.
134 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Monday, 25. — This morning, about one o'clock, I was
aroused by an English sister, Lettice Rushton,
serenld™ as widow of Richard Rushton, Senior, (who, ten
years ago, lost her sight,) accompanied by
three of her sons, with their wives, and her two daughters,
with their husbands, and several of her neighbors, singing,
"Mortals, awake! with angels join," &c, which caused a
thrill of pleasure to run through my soul. All of my
family and boarders arose to hear the serenade, and I felt
to thank my Heavenly Father for their visit, and blessed
them in the name of the Lord. They also visited my
brother Hyrum, who was awakened from his sleep. He
arose and went out of doors. He shook hands with and
blessed each one of them in the name of the Lord, and
said that he thought at first that a cohort of angels
had come to visit him, it was such heavenly music to
him.
At home all day. About noon, gave counsel to some
brethren who called on me from Morley Settlement, and
told them to keep law on their sids, and they would come
out well enough.
<^At two o'clock, about fifty couples sat down at my table
to dine. While I was eating, my scribe called, requesting
me to solemnize the marriage of his brother, Dr. Levi
Richards, and Sara Griffiths: but as I could not leave, I
referred him to President Brigham Young, who married
them.
A large party supped at my house, and spent the
evening in music, dancing, &c, in a most
Return to' cheerful and friendly manner. During the
festivities, a man with his hair long and falling
over his shoulders, and apparently drunk, came in and
acted like a Missourian. I requested the captain of the
police to put him out of doors. A scuffle ensued, and I
had an opportunity to look him full in the face, when, to
my great surprise and joy untold, I discovered it was my
long- tried, warm, but cruelly persecuted friend, Orrin
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 135
Porter Rockwell, just arrived from nearly a year's im-
prisonment, without conviction, in MissouriN^.
The following is his statement of his experience and
sufferings by that people : —
ROCKWELL'S EXPERIENCE IN MISSOURI.
I, Orrin Porter Rockwell, was on my way from New Jersey to
Nauvoo; and while at St. Louis, on the 4th March, 1S43, was arrested
by a Mr. Fox, on oath of Elias Parker, who swore I was the 0. P. Rock-
well advertised in the papers as having: attempted to assassinate Lilburn
W. Boggs. and was taken before a magistrate in St. Louis.
I was then put into the St. Louis county jail, and kept two days
with a pair of iron hobbles on my ankles. About midnight, was taken
into the stage coach in charge of Fox, and started for Jefferson City.
There were niue passengers, two of them women. I sat on the middle
seat. One of the men behind me commenced gouging me in the back.
I spoke to him, and told him that it was dark, and I could not see him,
but that he was no gentleman. One of the ladies whispered to him,
and he ceased the operation.
The next night, the driver, being drunk, ran against a tree, ami
broke the king bolt; and not knowing what to do, ironed as I was, I
crawled into the boot, and found an extra bolt, and in the dark fixed
the coach, got it off the ti'ee. and we started on. Soon after, ran against
a bank, and could not move. I was asleep at the time, but the bustle
awoke me. when I told them, if they would take off my irons, I would
get off and drive, as the driver was too drunk to manage the horses.
They refused. I, however, got hold of the lines, and, by the help of
other passensrers lifting at the wheels 1 , got it righted, and I drove to the
next stand, near the Osaare river. The roads were very bad, and the
load heavy; so we got along slowly.
There was an officer of the U. S. army in the coach. We were two
days and two nights from St. Louis in reaching Jefferson City, where I
was lodged in the jail two days and two nights. The U. S. officer
went on.
Started on for Independence, still in charge of Fox. At Boonville,
overtook the U. S. officer. We three were all that were in the coach
all the way from Boonville to Independence. Sheriff Reynolds told me
afterwards that when he looked into the stage he took me for the guard,
and the officer for the prisoner, for he looked like the guilty one.
Was about four days going to Independence: arrived there just at
night. A large crowd gathered around, making many remarks Some
136 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
were for hanging me at once. I was then placed in the jail. In two
or three days, underwent a sham trial before a justice of the peace.
The courthouse was crowded, and the men were armed with hickory
clubs. They set on boys from ten to twelve years of age to kick and
punch me, which they did repeatedly. While in court, Fox was the
main witness introduced, and he swore falsely.
Fox swore that I had stated to him that I had not been in the county
for five years. I informed the court that Fox swore falsely, in proof
thereof that the people of Independence knew that I had traveled
through Independence several times during that time, for the people
were all well aware of my having visited this place, which fact alone
should satisfy them that Fox was swearing for money, which I after-
wards karned that he obtained and divided with Parker.
The magistrate committed me to prison for my safe preservation, as
he was afraid the people would kill me; but he could find no crime
against me. This I was told by the officer who conveyed me to prison.
I was re-committed to jail, still wearing the iron hobbles, and was
kept in the upper part in the day-time, and in the dungeon at night,
with a little dirty straw for a bed. without any bedding, no fire, and
very cold weather. For eighteen days I was not free from shaking with
cold. I then got permission to buy 1 J bushels of charcoal, which I put
into an old kettle, and kept a little fire. When that was gone, I could
not obtain any more.
After I was arrested at St. Louis, I was visited by Joseph Wood, an
apostate "Mormon," who professed to be a lawyer. He was accom-
panied by Mr. Blanerhasset, who told me that everything I had would
be taken from me, and proposed to take charge, keep, and return to me
any property I might have with me. I let him have a pair of pistols, a
bowie knife, and watch, which he never returned to me.
After the weather got a little warmer, they furnished me with a
few old newspapers to read. A family lived at the corner of the jail.
The women once in a while used to send out a little negro girl with a
small basket of victuals. She handed up to the grate a big Missouri
whip-stock, with a piece of twine, which I tied to the pole and drew up
the basket, and let it down again.
I made a pin-hook and tied to the twine, and baited with a chunk of
corn-dodger hard enough to knock a negro down with, and stuck it out
of the grated window and fished for pukes. When passers-by came
along, they would stop and gawk at me awhile, and pass on.
A preacher who had a family of girls lived on the opposite side of the
street. The girls would watch and laugh at them, and call out and ask
me if I got any bites. I replied, No, but some glorious nibbles.
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 137
Numbers were put into the jail with me at different times, and taken
out again. One of them, who was charged with a fraudulent issue of
U. S. Treasury notes, was allowed to have his saddle-baes with him
They contained some fire-steels, gun-flints, and articles of Indian trade.
I sawed the irons nearly off with one of the fire-steels. He got the
negro girl to get him a knife, and I finished cutting the fetters with it.
He would frequently call for a good supper and pay for it, which was
allowed him, but not allowed me. He was very anxious to escape, and
urged me to undertake it with him. He ordered a good supper, and he
ate very heartily. I would not eat, telling him that he could not run if
he ate so much. Nearly dusk, as the jailer came in to get the dishes,
we sprang to the door, and I locked him in, and threw the key into the
garden. In coming down stairs, we met the jailer's wife. I told her
that her husband was unharmed; I had only locked him up. We had a
board fence to climb over, which was about twelve feet high. I climbed
it, and ran about twenty rods, when he called me to come and help him
over, which I did. If I had not, I should have escaped. The pure air
had so great an effect upon me, that I gave out and slacked my pace,
The populace of the place came up, and I told them to run; they would
soon catch him; and that I had given out and could not run. They soon
returned with him. I fell into the crowd and walked back to the
jail yard.
Sheriff J. H. Reynolds laid his hand upon my shoulder, he being the
first to approach me. Asked where the key was. I told him, In the
garden.
Smallwood Nowlin was the first who propospd to hang me on the
spot, when Reynolds gave me a push towards the crowd, and said,
"There he is, G — d-nhim! Do what you damn please with him."
Nowlin 's son in-law (by marrying one of his mulatto wenches), a
Mexican, stepped up to me to lay hold of me, when I told him to stand
off, or I would mash his face. He stepped back.
I then walked up stairs into the jail. Was followed by Reynolds and
others, until the room and stairs were full. Reynolds asked me what
I had cut my irons off with. I went to the saddle-bags and handed him
the knife and fire-steel. While feeling for them. I got hold of a piece
of buckskin that had some three or four pounds of bullets tied up in
it. which I intended to use in mashing in the head of any one that should
attempt to put a rope on my neck. A r<<pe was passed along over the
heads of the people into the room to a bald-headed man. About this
time pistols could be heard cocking in every part of the room, and
bowie-knives were produced as if for fight. In a few minutes the room
was clear of all but three or four persons.
138 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
I was then put into the dungeon, my feet ironed together, my right
hand to my left foot, so close that I could not half straighten myself.
The irons, when put on my wrists, were so small that they would
hardly go on, and swelled them; but in eighteen days I could slip them
up and turn them around my arm at the elbow. I was fed on cold
corndodger and meat of the poorest description; and if I did not eat it
all up, it was returned the next time.
About a month after the court sat, my irons were taken off, and I
was so weak that I had to be led to the court-room by the officer. I was
notified that a bill was found against me for breaking jail, and that the
grand jury had failed to find a bill against me on the charge of shooting
Boggs, as charged in the advertisement offering a reward for my
apprehension.
I was taken into court, and was asked by the judge if I had any
counsel. I told him I had not. He asked if I had any means to employ
a counsel. I answered that I had none with me that I could control.
He then said, Here are a number of counselors: if I was acquainted
with any of them, I could take my choice. I told him I would make
choice of Mr. Doniphan, who arose and made a speech, saying he was
crowded with business, but that here are plenty of young lawyers who
could plead for me as well as he could. The judge heard his plea, and
then told me he did not consider that a sufficient excuse, and I could
consider Mr. Doniphan my counsel.
I was then ordered back to jail, and ironed again in the same way.
Mr. Doniphan asked for and obtained a change of venue to Clay County,
which is in another district.
When the officers came to Independence jail for me, they requested
me to get ready in a hurry, as they feared the mob would kill me. I
told them I wanted to put on a clean shirt, if it cost me my life, as I
had not been permitted to enjoy the luxury of a change of linen since I
had boarded at the expense of Jackson County. While I was changing
my shirt, the officers several times told me to hurry, or the mob would
be on me and kill me.
When I got ready to start, the officers furnished me a very hard-
trotting horse, with a miserable poor saddle, tied my feet under the
horse with ropes, and my hands behind my back, and started off at a
good round trot, in charge of two officers. In a short time a strange
gentleman fell into our company, who was also on horseback. It was
six miles to the ferry, where we could cross the Missouri river. When
we got there, we saw the boat land on the opposite side, when several
men got off the boat, and took a course to the woods, through which
the road ran. The boat returned. This stranger asked — "Where are
A.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 139
those men going?" and was answered — "They are going to the woods
to hew timber."
We then crossed, and took our way for Liberty. When we left the
boat, we saw no signs of people, nor heard any sound of axes. After
traveling some two or three miles, the woods became dense and brushy:
we heard the crackling of brush, and the noise of men traveling through
it. The officers and stranger appeared frightened, and urged speed
keeping close watch. We came to an opening in the woods, when the
noise of crackling of brush ceased. We traveled safely to Liberty,
where this stranger told his friends that he overheard several men in
Independence planning to waylay me in the thick timber on the Missouri
bottom, at the place where we heard the noises; but his being in com-
pany counteracted their plot. I was then lodged in Liberty jail. In a
few days afterwards I learned that the men who went into the brush
told it, that they went into the woods according to agreement to waylay
me; but when they saw this stranger, it frustrated their plans.
In about ten days, on pretext of informality 1 in the papers, I was
remanded back to Independence jail. It was rumored that I was
again going to be waylaid, when the two officers from Clay county took
me by a different road, and so I escaped the second time.
When I was put in Independence jail, 1 was again ironed hand and
foot, and put in the dungeon, in which condition I remained about two
months. During this time, Joseph H. Reynolds, the sheriff, told me he
was going to arrest Joseph Smith, and they had received letters from
Nauvoo which satisfied theni that Joseph Smith had unlimited con-
fidence in me, that I was capable of toting him in a carriage or on
horseback anywhere that I pleased; and if I would only tote him out
by riding or any other way, so that they could apprehend him, I might
please mvself whether I stayed in Illinois or came back to Missouri;
they would protect me, and any pile that I would name the citizens of
Jackson county would donate, club together, and raise, and that I
should never suffer for want afterwards: "you only deliver Joe Smith
into our hands, and name jour pile." I replied — "I will see you all
damned first, and then I won't."
About the time that Joseph was arrested by Reynolds at Dixon, I
knew that they were after him, and [yet had] no means under heaven of
giving him any information. My anxiety became so intense upon the
subject, knowing their determination to kill him, that my flesh twitched
on my bones. I could not help it; twitch it would. While undergoing
this sensation, I heard a dove alight on the window in the upper room
of the jail, and commence cooing, and then went off. In a short time,
he came back to the window, where a pane was broken: he crept through
between the bars of iron, which were about two and-a-half inches apart.
140 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
I saw it fly round the trap-door several times: it did not alight, but
continued cooing until it crept through the bars again, and flew out
through the broken window.
I relate this, as it was the only occurrence of the kind that happened
during my long and weary imprisonment; but it proved a comfort to
me: the twitching of my flesh ceased, and I was fully satisfied from
that moment that they would not get Joseph into Missouri, and that I
should regain my freedom. From the best estimates that can be made,
this incident occurred about the time when Joseph was in the custody of
Reynolds.
In a few days afterwards, Sheriff Reynolds came into the jail and
told me that he had made a failure in the arrest of Joseph.
After the lawyers had been about two months making out fresh
papers. I was again conveyed to Liberty jail on a miserable horse,
with feet and hands tied as before, but [by] a different road.
In a few days afterwards, my mother found where I was, and she
came to see me and brought me $100, whereby I was enabled to fee
Mr. Doniphan for his services as counsel.
The time of trial being continually delayed, I began to be uneasy. I
was handcuffed in the dungeon, which is the basement story of the
prison, and is about nine feet high. I took down the stove-pipe, pushed
my clothes up through the stove-pipe hole, and then crawled through
the hole in the floor, which was made of logs about fourteen inches
thick, into the upper room. The hole was so small that it scratched my
flesh, and made me bleed from many wounds. I then examined the
inside door, and with the bail of the water pail I unbolted it; but finding
I could not get through the outside door, I returned to my dungeon
through the same narrow pass.
The following night I made another attempt through the same way;
but, failing to get through the outside door, 1 lay down on the upper
floor, where the boys who were bringing my food next morning found
me. They made an alarm, when five or six men came and again con-
veyed me down into the dungeon. It caused quite an excitement.
My mother, learning that Mr. Doniphan had returned home, went to
him, and^prevailed on him to come and speak to me at the dungeon
grate.x While he was talking to me, a little boy, the son of a poor
widow, about five or six years old, who had previously been to see me,
finding I had no fire, had run home and brought some fire and chips to
the grate. Mr. Doniphan said — "You little devil you, what are you
doing here with this fire?" He replied, "I am going to give it to Mr.
Rockwell, so that he can warm him." Doniphan then said — "You little
devil you, take this fire and leave;" when the little urchin replied
A. D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHTJKCH. 141
(looking him in the face) — "Mr. Doniphan, you go to hell: I am going 1
to give Mr. Rockwell this fire, so that he can warm him;" and he
pushed it through the grate, gave me the chips, and continued to supply
my daily wants of chips and fire while I continued in the dungeon.
From Mr. Doniphan I learned that a special term of court was called,
and my trial would come on in about fifteen days. The night following
this visit, some men came to the grates of my dungeon, and asked if
I wanted to get out. I told them, No, as I had been informed that day
that I should have a trial in a fortnight. They replied — "Honor bright:
if you wish to get out, we'll let you out in a few minutes." I replied
that I would rather remain, as my trial would come on so soon. Next
morning one of the men came, put some money in the cleft of a stick,
and put it through the hole to me. He refused to tell his name; but I
knew by his voice that he was one of the men who came to me in
the night.
The trial came on according to my last notification. I was tried for
breaking Independence jail; and although the law of Missouri reads
that, in order to break jail, a man must break a lock, a door, or a wall,
still Judge King ruled that it was breaking jail to walk out when the
door is open; and under this ruling the jury brought in a verdict of
"five minutes' imprisonment in the county jail; " but I was kept there
four or five hours, during which time several attempts were made to
get up some other charge against me.
About 8 p.m. on December 13th. General Doniphan took me out and
told me I must take across the country on foot, and not walk on any
traveled road, unless it was during the night, as they would be apt to
follow and again take me, as they did not care on what grounds, so
they could make me trouble.
I accordingly started, accompanied by my mother, and went to the
house of a widow, where I obtained my first supper in freedom for more
than nine months. We then traveled two miles and obtained $4.
I then took through the woods to the road, where I heard two men
riding on horseback. I hid behind a shady tree, and overheard one of
them say, "He has not been gone many minutes: we shall soon over-
take him."
I went round the houses and traveled in the fields by the side of the
road. The moon was in its first quarter, and I traveled during the
night about twenty-five miles. I carried a little food with me, and next
day traveled on the road, and walked past Crooked River to a Mr.
Taylor's, with all the skin off my feet.
A neighbor offered to take me in for the night, if I would go back
142 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1843
two miles. I did so, found his wife very cross with her husband, who
said, "Stranger, you see my wife is very cross. I have got some
whisky; let's drink: my wife will soon have something to eat." When
supper was eaten, she became good tempered. I stayed in peace through
the night. Next morning I ate breakfast with them, and gave them
fifty cents, when the man brought out a horse, and sent a little boy
with me fourteen miles, which was a very great relief to my weary feet.
The next night I stopped near where the Haun's Mill massacre
took place.
The third day I walked till noon, and then hired a man to carry me
the remainder of the day for seventy-five cents. Stayed at a house
where I was well acquainted; but the people did not recognize me, and
I did not make myself known. Paid fifty cents for supper, lodging,
breakfast, and being sent twelve miles on horseback the next morning.
I then continued my journey about thirty miles, where I rested three
days to recruit my feet. I was then carried twenty- five miles on horse-
back, and walked the same day twenty-five miles. The day following
I walked forty miles, and then waited another day and engaged a man
to carry me to Montrose, to which place I was three days in going. I
immediately crossed the river to Nauvoo in a small boat, and came
straight to the Mansion.
Daniel Avery was liberated from his imprisonment in
Release of Missouri by habeas corpus. This was, no
Daniel Avery, doubt, on account of our vigilance in commu-
nicating with the Governor, and endeavoring to prose-
cute the kidnappers, and continually making public the
conduct of Missouri.
Warm day; rain in the evening.
A PLAN FOR WOMEN'S SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE TEMPLE.
(From the Millenial Star.)
We have much pleasure in publishing and recommending the fol-
lowing plan to be adopted amongst the sisters of the Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints in England. We believe that the comple-
tion of the Temple is as near the hearts of the sisters as to the hearts
of the brethren, and that the following proposed [plan] will be re-
sponded to on the part of the English sisters in a manner that shall
reflect honor upon themselves, and be materially instrumental in for-
warding the great work.
A.D. 1843| HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 143
yS Nauvoo, Dee. 25, 1843.
s n2o the Sisters of the Church of Jesus Christ in England, Greeting: —
i)ear Sisters: — This is to inform you that we have here entered into
a small weekly subscription for the benefit of the Temple funds. One
thousand have alreadj- joined it, while many more are expected, by
which we trust to help forward the great work very much. The
amount is only one cent or a halfpenny per week.
As Brother Amos Fielding is waiting for this, I cannot enlarge more
than to say that myself and Sister Thompson are engaged in collecting
the same.
We remain,
Your affectionate sisters in Christ,
Mary Smith, */&**%**!>&'£*■
M. R. Thompson. /^**W- T^^^s/w
US; ft
Nauvoo, Dec. 25, 1843.
The ladies' subscription for the Temple, of one cent per week, is
fully sanctioned by the First Presidency.
Hyrum Smith.
We feel much to encourage this plan, and trust that the sisters in
England will manifest that thev will not be behind the sisters in Nauvoo
in this laudable work. One thing in connection with this work we
would mention, and request that it be attended to with the strictest accu-
racy; that is, that the name of each individual be recorded, and the
amount which they subscribe, in order that such names may be trans-
mitted to Nauvoo, where they will have to be entered in the books of
the Lord's House. The sisters or others who may collect the subscrip-
tions will please to be very particular on this point.
Tuesday, 26. — At home. I rejoiced that Kockwell had
returned from the clutches of Missouri, and that God had
delivered him out of their hands. Brother p rophe t's joy
Daniel Avery also arrived about dusk this ofRock^eu™
evening; and the Missourians have no longer and Avery,
the pleasure of exulting over any Mormon victims for the
present; but their blood-thirstiness will not long be satis-
fied unless they seek out another victim on whom to glut
their malice and vengeance.
Wednesday , 27. — Cold: a little ice in the river, which
has been clear for some time past.
144 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D.1843
I received letters from General Lewis Cass, of Michi-
gan, and Hon. John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, in
answer to mine of Nov. 4.
Mr. Keith gave a lecture and concert of music in the
assembly room this evening.
MR. ROCKWELL.
(Editorial From the Neighbor.)
The name of this individual is, no doubt, familiar to most of our
readers. He has obtained some celebrity in the world also, not for his
reputed virtue, but for his supposed crimes.
It will be recollected that he is the person who was basely and falsely
implicated, along with Joseph Smith, as the reputed [would be] mur-
derer of ex-Governor Boggs, while Mr. Smith was charged with being
accessory before the fact. A vexatious lawsuit was instituted against
Joseph Smith, wherein he was charged with the above-named crime;
and finally, after many attempts of the governor of Missouri to get him
into his power, was acquitted by the United States Court for the dis-
trict of Illinois,
Stories of murder and blood were circulated from Maine to Missouri;
they were iterated and reiterated by the newspapers of the whole
Union, and painted in the most glowing colors that human ingenuity
could invent. Mr. Rockwell was branded as a murderer, and Joseph
Smith as accessory before the fact, without any other evidence than a
story fabricated by some of our grenerous politicians, engendered in
falsehood by hearts as dark as Erebus for religious and political effect.
This demagoguery and political corruption has caused an innocent
man to be immolated in a Missouri dungeon for upwards of eight
months, without the slightest evidence of his guilt, or even the most
remote evidence of crime leading to his committal. He was taken
without process, and committed to jail upon mere supposition, and
finally acquitted without any shadow of proof having been adduced
from beginning to end. This is the way that Missouri treats free-born
American citizens, and they can obtain no redress.
Mr. Rockwell arrived here on Monday night, and has given us some
of the details of his history since he was first taken in Missouri to the
present time; and we can assure our readers that it will "a tale un-
fold" relative to that state, which even many of those who have been
driven therefrom will find it difficult to believe that there did exist
such monsters in human shape.
Thursday , 28. — At home. Elder Orson Hyde returned
A D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 145
from Adams county, having obtained quite a number of
signatures to the Memorial to Congress, and made an affi-
davit of what he learned in Warsaw concerning the mob .
^Affidavit of Orson Hyde — Disclosing Plan To Drive the Saints.
State of Illinois,
City of Nauvoo. j
On the 28th day of December, 1843, came Orson Hyde before me, Jo-
seph Smith, mayor of said city; and after being duly sworn, deposeth and
saith that on the 26th instant, as he was passing from Lima to Nauvoo,
through that part of Hancock county where Colonel Levi Williams re-
sides, he was credibly informed that on Saturday previous the anti-
Mormons held a meeting, drew up an article, and passed several resolu-
tions, among which were these: — "We will revere and hold sacred and
inviolate the Constitution of the United States, and also the Constitu-
tion of this State. We will visit the Mormons residing in our vicinity
and require them to give up their guns; and such as do ii shall dwell
here in peace; but those who will not do it may have thirteen days to
leave in; and if they are not off in that time, we will drive them." The
above is the substance, but perhaps not the very words. They also
swear that the Mormons shall never raise another crop in that region,
&c; &c, and further this deponent saith not.
Orson Hyde.
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 28th of December, 1843,
W. W. Phelps, Clerk, M. C
Daniel Avery having made affidavit of the cruel treat-
ment he had recently received at the hands of Missou-
rians, I here insert it:-
Affidavit of Daniel Avery— His Treatment in Missouri.
State of Illinois, { sg
City of Nauvoo. ]
On the 28th day of December, 1843, came Daniel Avery before me,
Joseph Smith, mayor of the city aforesaid, and after being duly sworn,
deposeth and saith that on the second day of December, 1843, he was
unlawfully arrested by force and arms, and kidnapped at Doty's Mill
in Bear Creek precinct, Hancock county, and State aforesaid, by Col-
onel Levi Williams, his son John Williams, of Hancock county; John
Elliott, a schoolmaster, from four-and-a-half miles below Warsaw; Wil-
liam Middleton and Joseph McCoy, of Clark county, Missouri, and four
10 Vol. VI.
146 • HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. |A.D. 1843
others. Colonel Williams held his bowie-knife to his breast. Six of
the others stood with their pistols cocked and their fingers upon the
triggers, muzzles presented at his body, ready to fire; and two stood
with clubs, and amidst the most horrid oaths and imprecations, took
and bound with silk handkerchiefs your said affiant, and led him away
between two men, one holding a savage bowie-knife on one side, and
the other a cocked pistol on the other side, (having taken away your
said affiant's weapons while binding him in the mill,) and led your
affiant about a mile. Your affiant refused to walk any further, and they
put him upon a horse, and tied his legs under the horse; and John
Elliott, the aforesaid schoolmaster, led the horse as fast as he could
make his way, through a thicket and by-way to the house of the afore-
said Colonel Williams. Here the kidnappers ate and drank; and after
they had unbound me, (for they had bound me so tight that I was in
great pain,) I was also suffered to partake.
They then put me upon the horse again, and bound me, and started
for the river, the said schoolmaster Elliott leading the horse. When
we came near a schoolhouse where there was a meeting, they came to
a halt, sent messengers to the meeting, and in the course of half an
hour they returned with an armed mob, with rifles and other weapons,
sufficient to make the whole company number about twenty. Being
all on horseback, they formed a circle, with your affiant in the center,
(who up to that, lime had acquainted every man he saw that they were
kidnapping him, and marched in that order to a house on a point be-
low Warsaw; and as I was very cold from being bound, they took me
into the house to warm. I now called for a trial, as I had told them all
the way that I never resisted legal authority. They said they were
hunting a magistrate. Said I, "I understand you; you mean to force
me into Missouri." McCoy returned, and said, "We are ready." It
was about midnight. We went about three hundred yards up the river
to a skiff. I refused to cross as they had promised me a trial. They
forced me into a skiff and bound me, and five men put me across.
Their names, so far as I could ascertain, are William Middleton, Wil-
liam Clark, Joseph McCoy, John Elliott, and Charles Coolidge. They
landed at the tavern on the south side of the Des Moines, and took me
into a back room, threw down a buffalo robe for my bed; but as my
arms were bound so tight that I could not rest, I complained; told
Middleton that was not the way he was used at my house. They felt
at my arms and exclaimed, "By God, they are not too tight!" I
begged to have one arm liberated, and finally they untied both, and I
slept (under guard) on the buffalo robe before the fire.
About noon they got ready and started wich me, guarded upon a
horse, for McCoy's in Clark county, Missouri, about twelve miles dis-
a.D. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 147
tant. It being night when we arrived, and I unwell through fatigue
and confinement and the abuses before received, I went to bed. They
had sent runners ahead; and after I had been in bed awhile, the sheriff
came up from Waterloo, the county seat, a distance of about two
miles, to arrest me and take me before a magistrate that night; but
Middleton and McCoy objected, as I was sick. The sheriff, however,
executed his writ, and left me in their care till morning. It being late
before we breakfasted, he came in the morning and made the second
scope of his authority and took me. He quizzed me the night before,
to draw something out for testimony; but as innocence cannot be
affected by truth, he was as wise at one end of the story as the
other.
At Waterloo I was examined by a magistrate, who committed me
upon the substance of an affidavit made by my son in duress with a
bowie-knife at his breast, and upon a promise that he should be liber-
ated from Montieello jail, where he was confined after being kidnapped
some three or four weeks previous. My bonds were fixed at $1000;
and as I had no bail in such a strange place, I was started for Palmyra
jail, in Marion county. The deputy sheriff took me to Musgrove, the
sheriff, a distance of ten miles. Here I sued out a writ of habeas cor-
pus, but the judge remanded me to prison.
At Montieello my chains were taken off, and I was at liberty in the
midst of a strong guard to view the town. Here a lawyer agreed to
take me and my son through court (as the Missourians say,) for a
horse. Saw my son in the prison; said he was forced at the point of a
bowie-knife to make an affidavit against me; but he knew I was inno-
cent.
I tried to be left with him in jail; but no, I was compelled to go to
Palmyra, where I arrived the next evening. The sheriff thrust me
into the dungeon without waiting to eat, warm, or anything else. The
next morning the blacksmith came into the jail and ironed me to the
middle of a great chain that was fast to the floor, where I remained in
the horrid gloom of a Missouri prison two weeks.
From thence the deputy sheriff started, with me chained upon the
horse in this wise. He then chained my right leg, and then passed the
chain up to my left hand. In this way I traveled nine miles, when we
stopped, and he changed the chain from my hand to the horse's neck.
We arrived at Montieello, and I was chained all night.
The next day I was conveyed to Waterloo, and delivered into the
custody of the sheriff of Clark county. I was kept under a strong
guard by day, and at night chained to one of the guards or to the bed-
post.
148 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A D. 1843
I was informed that Middleton and McCoy procured an indictment
against me, by giving b-mds to the amount of some two or three hun-
dred dollars, that they would hunt up testimony to the point for next
court, there being nothing against me but the affidavit of my son be-
fore alluded to; and so the grand jury found a bill.
Ellison, my lawyer, deceived me, and put over my case for six
months, because, as I suppose, I, being kidnapped, had no fees for
him. I objected to having my trial put off for six months. I did not
fancy the dungeon of Palmyra prison. The court concluded to let me
to bail under bonds of $1000, but this I could not obtain. Subse-
quently it was reduced to $500, but all in vain, for I was unaquainted
with the people.
This was on Saturday, r and I was thus left to meditate on the mis-
chief that may be made out of a little matter by meddlesome men.
On Monday I sued out a writ of habeas corpus; and after a fair
hearing of the matter, I received the following order: —
State of Missouri, I
County of Clark, j
December, 25, 1843.
Ordered by the Clark County Court that Samuel Musgrove, sheriff of
Clark county, discharge Daniel Avery from imprisonment, on an in-
dictment found against him for the alleged crime of stealing a mare of
Joseph McCoy.
By order of Court.
rT q -t Witness— Willis Curd, Clerk of said court, and seal of office
L J this 25th of December, 1843.
Done at office in Waterloo, date above.
Willis Curd, Clerk.
Hons. John W Dewellin, { Jud
Henry Snively, )
Very early on Tuesday morning your affiant started for Nauvoo
and arrived the same evening about sundown, a distance of nearly
twenty miles, so crippled from the iron bondage and hard usage of
Missouri, that he is hardly able to walk. To those who assisted
your said affiant to obtain his release from bondage, he tenders his
grateful acknowledgements; and further your affiant saith not.
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 28th day of December,
1843.
Daniel Avery.
W. W. Phelps, Clerk, M. C.
A.D. 1843] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 149
Friday, 29. — At home. In the forenoon, W. W.
Phelps called and gave us a lesson on eloquence, and read
my Appeal to the Green Mountain Boys, and j 0S ephH.
also a New Year's hymn without rhyme. proSt'I in-
Three p. m., I related to Dr. Bernhisel and terviewwith.
Joseph H. Jackson* my commencement in receiving rev-
elations. Mr. Jackson said he was almost persuaded to
be one with me. I replied, I would that he were not only
almost, but altogether.
At four p. m. , I met with the City Council.
Having selected forty men to act as city policemen,
they met with the Council, and were sworn Police Force
into office to support the Constitution of the increased!
United States and the State of Illinois, and obey the or-
dinances of this city and the instructions of the Mayor,
according to the best of their ability.
Names of police called by Captain Jonathan Dunham :
Jonathan Dunham, High Policeman, Charles C. Rich, 1st Lieutenant,
Hosea Stout, 2nd Lieutenant, Shadrach Roundy. 3rd Lieut.,
John Pack, Ensign, Jesse P. Harmon, Orderly Sergt.
John D. Lee, 2nd Sergeant Daniel Cam, 3rd Sergeant,
Josiah Arnold, 4th Sergeant James Emmett, 1st Corporal,
Alexander Mills, 2nd Corporal, Steven H. Goddard, 3rd Corporal,
William Pace, -ith Corporal, Abraham C. Hodge, Pioneer,
Levi W. Hancock, Fifer, Daniel M. Repsher, Fifer.
Richard D. Sprague, Drummer, Samuel Billings, Drummer,
» This man afterwards was discovered to be an adventurer and a most desperate
character. Gregg, in his Prophet of Palmyra, chapter XXX, speaks of|him as "an
adventurer of fine appearance and gentlemanly manners, who appeared in the
county (Hancock) during the troubles; went to Nauvoo. and became intimate
with Smith and the leaders; afterwards turned against them — went to Warsaw
and issued a pamphlet— claiming to be an expose of Mormonism and the evil pur-
poses and practices of the Prophet * * * He was an entire stranger to the county
and its people; no one knew whence he came, or what became of him afterwards,
when the excitement was all over. Hence it is just to say, that the equivocal posi-
tion in which he stood very justly tended to lessen confidence of the public in his
statements, and his little book made slight impression. The Mormons charged
that he was an adventurer of the worst class— himself a counterfeiter, etc., and
that he quarreled with the Prophet and the authorities because he was detected
and exposed." Gregg also says that this "Expose was much of the same charac-
ter as that of General Bennett's." (Ibid).
150 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A. D. 1843
Abraham 0. Smoot, Dwight Harding,
John Lytle, Simeon A. Dunn,
Andrew Lytle, Appleton M. Harmon.
Howard Egan, James Pace,
Benjamin Boyce, Francfs M. Edwards,
Lorenzo Clark, William H. Edwards,
Davies McOlney, . Moses M. Sanders,
Abram Palmer, Warren A. Smith,
Isaac C. Haight, George W. Clyde,
John L. Butler, Vernon H. Bruce,
Elbridge Tufts, Armstead Moffett,
Truman R. Barlow, Azra Adams.
The Mayor said: —
Address of the Mayor to the Nauvoo Police.
It is expected that a part will be on duty while others rest. It might
be expected that thieves had crept into the Church for the purpose of
concealing their wickedness under the garb of sanctity.
It is an abominable thing to set a thief to catch a thief: and I would
look with the utmost contempt upon men who do this as guilty of a
mean and cowardly act.
Some city councils have taken thieves out of their prisons, and
employed them as policemen, under the old and foolish adage — "Set a
rogue to catch a rogue," which is decidedly wrong, and is corrupt in
policy.
You will act under the direction of Jonathan Dunham— we will call
him High Policeman. In reality he is the captain of the police: but as
men are apt to be frightened at a military title, we will use a civil title,
as these policemen are all civil officers of the city.
Captain Dunham is the man to send after a thief. He will not come
back, after following him a mile, to ask if he may shoot him if he
resists. Some men have strange ears and changeable hearts: they
become transformed from their original purity and integrity, and
become altogether different from what they were.
If the bloodthirsty hell-hounds of Missouri continue their persecution,
we will be forbearing, until we are compelled to strike; then do it
decently and in good order, and break the yoke effectually, so that it
cannot be mended. The mob have been so repulsed in their last attempt
at kidnapping, they may stand in fear, at least for a short time.
We will be in peace with all men, so long as they will mind their own
business and let us alone. Even "Peace with Missouri" shall be the
motto of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from this
A.D. 1843] HISTOKY OF THE GHUKCH. 151
time forth, if they will stop their persecution and oppressive warfare
against us. Let them alone, for they stink in the nostrils of the
Almighty: let them alone. Porter Rockwell has come home clear. A
Missouri grand jury could not find a bill against him even in Jackson
county; and that proves me clear of the charge of being accessory of
shooting Lilburn W. Bogscs. Many of our difficulties from the State of
Missouri are hurled upon us through the influence of some of our near
neighbors.
Governor Ford has boasted of being a law-abiding man. A goyernor
certainly should be law-abiding. It is therefore our best policy to
acquaint the Executive, by affidavits, of every violation of our rights,
so that when the onset comes, he will be obliged by law ro send the
militia to our support. Let us keep cool as a cucumber on a frosty
morning. Do not be excited. Say nothing about Missouri's oppresion.
"A soft answer turns away wrath but grievous words stir up anger,"
therefore we 'poor pussy" this generation.
Keep a strict account of the time you serve as policemen. Have the
ordinances of the city always in your possession, and study them,
and ferret out all grogshops, gambling-houses, brothels, and disorderly
conduct; and if a transgressor resists, cuff his ears. If anyone lifts a
weapon or presents a pistol at you, take his life, if need be, to preserve
your own; but enforce the ordinances, and preserve the peace of the
city, and take care of your own lives. Let no horses be taken away
out of the city, or anything else stolen, if you can help it.
Let Missouri alone. Keep out of her territory. Don't go over there
on any business whatever. Any of this people would be subject to
cruel abuse, if found in that State, in the same manner that Porter
Rockwell has been. He was seized in St. Louis while attending to his
lawful business, picked up and ironed, and thrown in jail without any
form of law, conveyed to Independence in the custody of a ruffian who
swore falsely in the hope of getting a reward, kept in irons all the way,
lodged in Independence jail without even the form of an inquiry,
chained double in a filthy, damp, unventilated dungeon, — chained hand
and foot, so that he could not straighten for months, till his body was
reduced to a mere skeleton, and he unable to walk when the irons were
taken off, and he had to be led, — half fed on the refuse of what dogs
would not eat: his case presented to a Jackson county grand jury, and
not evidence enough to warrant them in even finding an indictment.
After which, the Missouri court, in the plenitude of their justice, trans-
mitted the innocent and unindicted man back to the dungeon, without
fire, provisions, or any other comfort, — hoping by this torture, no doubt,
to produce death, or force him to accede to an infamous proposition,
"that whether JoJSmith was guilty or innocent, only come out against
152 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. LA. D. 1843
him, you shall have your liberty, and receive a liberal reward.'' After
months have passed away, without any shadow of law, the door is
opened, and he is told to "slip off privatelv, or the people will hang
you." Keep out of Missouri, if you don't want such treatment as this;
for the Averys, Rockwell, and many others have been thankful to get
away with their lives.
If any man attempts to bribe you in any way whatever, or persuade
you to neglect your duty, tell the same to me. Let us have a
reformation.
There are speculators in this State who are wanting to sell revolving
pistols to us, in order to fight the Missourians, and at the same time
inciting the Missourians to fight us. Don't buy: it would be better to
buy ploughshares and raise corn with them.
My life is more in danger from some little dough-head of a fool in
this city than from all my numerous and inveterate enemies abroad. I
am exposed to far greater danger from traitors among ourselves than
from enemies without, although my life has been sought for many years
by the civil and military authorities, priests, and people of Missouri;
and if I can escape from the ungrateful treachery of assassins, I can
live as Ca?sar might have lived, were it not for a right-hand Brutus. I
have had pretended friends betray me. All the enemies upon the face
of the earth may roar and exert all their power to bring about my death,
but they can accomplish nothing, unless some who are among us and enjoy
our society, have been with us in our councils, participated in our con-
fidence, taken us by the hand, called us brother, saluted us with a kiss,
join with our enemies, turn our virtues into faults, and, by falsehood
and deceit, stir up their wrath and indignation against us, and bring
their united vengeance upon our heads. All the hue-and-cry of the
chief priests and elders against the Savior, could not bring down the
wrath of the Jewish nation upon His head, and thereby cause the cruci-
fixion of the Son of God, until Judas said unto them, "Whomsoever I
shall kiss, he is the man; hold him fast." Judas was one of the Twelve
Apostles, even their treasurer, and dipt with their Master in the dish,
and through his treachery, the crucifixion was brought about; and
we have a Judas in our midst.
The Mayor blesses the Police.
It shall be said in time to come, Where are our old policemen 1 ? Let
us have one of the old policemen, to stand at our window, guard our
interest, and protect our families, and we shall be safe.
If you will magnify vour office, the full confidence of Israel shall be
the blessing that shall be conferred on you in time to come.
A. U. 1843] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 153
Counselor Hyrum Smith spoke of the importance of the
police office.
The Mayor said that if any one offered a bribe to a
policeman, the city will pay that policeman twice the
amount effered for the information, when reported to
the Mayor.
Friday, 29. — My clerk made copies of five affidavits
made yesterday by Elder Orson Hyde, Mr. Daniel Avery,
.and others, and sent the same to the Governor, with the
following letter : —
Letter to Governor Ford — Accompanying Affidavits.
Nauvoo, December 30, 1843.
Sir: — I forward to your Excellency a nunioer of affidavits relative to
the late kidnapping' of the Averys, and upon other matters. When the
mob made efforts to resist the laws, Joseph Smith, as Mayor, gave
notice to Major-General Law to hold a portion of the Nauvoo Legion in
readiness; and Aaron Johnson, Esq., called for some troops to maintain
the laws: but I am happy to say, none were ordered to march, as it was
deemed most advisable to let Colonel Levi Williams and his mob flourish
until indictments could be made at the Circuit Court of Hancock county.
We shall continue to keep vour Excellency informed upon all matters
of moment touching the premises.
Saturday, 30. — At nine, a.m., held Mayor's court. Two
boys, Eoswell and Evander White, were brought up for
stealing six hens and a rooster. They were sentenced to
pay for the fowls, and to ten days' hard labor each on
the streets.
In the afternoon, met in the assembly room with the
quorum. William Law and wife were not present. Warm
and rainy.
Sunday, 31st. — At home.
In the afternoon, called with Elder Parley P. Pratt to see
his wife.
At early candle-light, went to prayer-meeting; admin-
istered the sacrament; after which I retired. At midnight,
about fifty musicians and singers sang Phelps' New
Year's Hymn under my window.
154 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1843
Warm and rainy. No ice to be seen.
The subjoined list shows a few of the publications for
and against the Saints during the year.
Pro et con Mormonism, publications for the year 1843.
The Alton Telegraph published several very severe articles against
the Church.
Edward Brotherton published a scurrilous pamphlet at Manchester,
England, entitled "Mormonism — its Rise and Progress, and the Prophet
Joseph Smith."
The Bichmond Palladium published an amusing and fovorable article
on "Mormonism."
The Boston Bee published a series of articles favorable to the Saints,
which had a beneficial effect in putting down prejudice and mis-
representation.
A favorable account of a visit to Nauvoo was published by Samuel
A. Prior, Methodist minister.
The Morning Star, a Freewill Baptist paper, published a long and
bitter article against the Latter-day Saints, entitled "Mormon
Perversion."
A favorable article, entitled "Nauvoo and Mormonism," was
published by a Traveler.
The Quincy Whig published several bitter articles against me.
The Warsaw Message, and subsequently the Warsaw Signal, published
a continual tirade of abuse, misrepresentation, and lies against the
Saints.
The Neiv Haven (Con.) Herald published a favorable account of the
"Mormons" in Nauvoo.
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 155
CHAPTER VII.
PRESIDENT SMITH'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH JOHN C. CAL-
HOUN— CARTWRIGHT DROWNING CASE, ENGLAND — CITY
GUARDS INCREASED— PEARS OF LAW AND MARKS — INVES-
TIGATION BY THE CITY COUNCIL — RESISTANCE OF OFFI-
CERS AT CARTHAGE — ANTI- MORMON OBJECTIONS TO CITY
ORDINANCES —THE PROPHET'S DIFFICULTIES WITH FRAN-
CIS M. HIGBEE — REGULATIONS FOR THE SALE OF SPIR-
ITUOUS LIQUORS.
Monday, January 1, 1844. — A cold, blustering rainstorm
ushered in the new year.
At sunrise, Thomas Miller, James Leach, James
Bridges, and John Frodsham were brought before me by
the police, charged with disorderly conduct. Fined Mil-
ler S5: the others were discharged.
A large party took a new year's supper at my house, and
had music and dancing till morning. I was in New Vear , s at
my private room with my family, Elder John the Mansion-
Taylor and other friends.
Tuesday, 2. — Two p. m., Hyruni Dayton was brought
before Mayor's court for disorderly conduct in resisting
and abusing the police: fined $25 and costs. His son,
Lysander Dayton, for the same offense, was sentenced to
ten days' hard labor, on the public streets; and subse-
quently, for contempt of court, ten days more.
Snow one inch deep.
I here insert Mr. Calhoun's answer to my letter of
inquiry, dated November 4, 1843: —
^Lettir: John C. Calhoun to Joseph Smith — Defining What Former's Pol-
icy Would Be Towards the Saints if Elected President.
Fort Hill, December 2, 1843.
Sir: — You ask me what would be my rule of action relative the Mor-
156 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
mons or Latter-day Saints should I be elected President; to which I
answer, that if I should be elected, I would strive to administer the
government according to the Constitution and the laws of the union;
and that as they make no distinction between citizens of different relig-
ious creeds I should make none. As far as it depends on the Execu-
tive department, all should have the full benefit of both, and none
should be exempt from their operation.
But as you refer to the case of Missouri, candor compels me to repeat
what I said to you at Washington, that, according to my views, the case
does not come within the jurisdiction of the Federal Government,
which is one of limited and specific powers.
With respect, I am, &c, &c,
J. C. Calhoun.
Mr. Joseph Smith.
To which I wrote the following reply: —
Letter: Joseph Smith to John C. Calhoun — The Latter's Policy lowardt
the Latter-day Saints, if Elected President of the U. S. Considered.
Nauvoo, Illinois, January 2, 1844.
Sir: — Your reply to my letter of last November, concerning your
rule of action towards the Latter-day Saints, if elected President, is at
hand; and that you and your friends of the same opinion relative to the
matter in question may not be disappointed as to me or my mind upon
so grave a subject, permit me, as a law-abiding man, as a well-wisher
to the perpetuity of constitutional rights and liberty, and as a friend to
the free worship of Almighty God by all, according to the dictates of
every person's own conscience, to say that I am surprised that a manor
men in the highest stations of public life should have made up such a
fragile "view" of a case, than which there is not one on the face of the
globe fraught with so much consequence to the happiness of men in
this world or the world to come.
To be sure, the first paragraph of your letter appears very complac-
ent and fair on a white sheet of paper. And who, that is ambitious for
greatness and power, would not have said the same thing? Your oath
binds you to support the Constitution and laws; and as all creeds
and religions are alike tolerated, they must of course, all be justified or
condemned according to merit or demerit. But why — tell me why art
all the principal men held up for public stations so cautiously careful,
not to publish to the world that they will judge a righteous judgment, law
or no law? for laws and opinions, like the vanes of steeples, change with
the wind.
One Congress passes a law, another repeals it; and one statesman
says that the Constitution means this, and another that; and who does
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 157
not know that all may be wrong! the opinion and pledge, therefore, in
the first paragraph of your reply to my question, like the forced steam
from the engine of a steam-boat, makes the show of a bright cloud at
first; but when it comes in contact with a purer atmosphere, dissolves
to common air again.
Your second pargraph leaves you naked before yourself, like a like-
ness in a mirror, when you say, that according to your view, the Federal
Government is "one of limited and specific powers," and has no juris-
diction in the case of the "Mormons.'' So then a State can at any
time expel any portion of her citizens with impunity: and, in the lan-
guage of Mr. Van Buren, frosted over with your gracious "views oj the
case," 1 " 1 though the cause is ever so just, Government can do nothing for
them, because it has no power.
Go on, then, Missouri, after another set of inhabitants (as the Latter-
day Saints did,) have entered some two or three hundred thousand
dollars' worth of land, and made extensive improvements thereon ; go
on, then, I say; banish the occupants or owners, or kill them, a? the
mobbers did many of the Latter- day Saints, and take their land aud
property as spoil; and let the Legislature, as in the case of the "Mor-
mons/' appropriate a couple of hundred thousand dollars to pay the
mob for doing that job; for the renowned Senator from South Carolina,
Mr. J. C. Calhoun, says the powers of the Federal Government are so
specific and limited that it has no jurisdiction oj the case! ye people
who groan under the oppression of tyrants! — ye exiled Poles, who have
felt the iron hand of Russian grasp! — ye poor and unfortunate among
all nations! come to the asylum of the oppressed; buy ye lands of the
General Government; pay in your money to the treasury to strenghten
the army and the navy; worship God according to the dictatts of your
own consciences; pay in your taxes to support the great heads of a
glorious nation: but remember a "sovereign State" is so much more
powerful than the United States, the parent Government, that it can
exile you at pleasure, mob you with impunity, confiscate your lands and
property, have the Legislaturr sanction it, — yea, even murder you as
an edict of an emperor, and it does no wrong; for the noble Senator of
South Carolina says the power of the federal Government is so limited
and specific, that it has no jurisdiction of the case! What think ye of
imperium in imperiof
Ye spirits of the blessed of all ages, hark! Ye shades of departed
statesmen, listen! Abraham, Moses, Homer, Socrates, Solon, Solomon,
and all that ever thought of right and wrong, look down from your
exaltations, if you have any; for it is said, "In the midst of counselors
there is safety;'''' and when you have learned that fifteen thousand inno-
cent citizens, after having purchased their lands of the United States
158 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 1A-.D. 1844
and paid for them, were expelled from a "sovereign State," by order
of the Governor, at the point of the bayonet, their arms taken from
them by the same authority, and their right of migration into said
State denied, under pain of imprisonment, whipping, robbing, mobbing,
and even death, and no justice or recompense allowed; and, from the
Legislature with the Governor at the head, down to the Justice of the
Peace, with a bottle of whisky in one hand and a bowie-knife in the
other, hear them all declare that there is no justice for a "Mormon" in
that State; and judge ye a righteous judgment, and tell me when the
virtue of the States was stolen, where the honor of the General
Government lies hid, and what clothes a senator with wisdom. nulli-
fying Carolina! little tempestuous Rhode Island! Would it not be
well for the great men of the nation to read the fable of the partial
judge; and when part of the free citizens of a State had been expelled
contrary to the Constitution, mobbed, robbed, plundered, and many
murdered, instead of searching into the course taken with Joanna
Southcott, Ann Lee, the French Prophets, the Quakers of New Eng-
land, and rebellious negroes in the slave States, to hear both sides and
then judge, rather than have the mortification to say, "Oh, it is my bull
that has killed your ox! That alters the case! I must inquire into it;
and if, and if — !
If the Genpral Government has no power to reinstate expelled citizens
to their rights, there is a monstrous hypocrite fed and fostered from the
hard earnings of the people! A real "bull beggar" upheld by sy-
cophants. And although you may wink to the priests to stigmatize^
wheedle the drunkards to swear, and raise the hue-and-cry of — "Im-
postor! false prophet! G — d — n old Joe Smith!" yet remember, if the
Latter-day Saints are not restored to all their rights and paid for
all their losses, according to the known rules of justice and judgment,
reciprocation and common honesty among men, that God will come out
of His hiding place, and vex this nation with a sore vexation: yea, the
consuming wrath of an offended God shall smoke through the nation
with as much distress and woe as independence has blazed through with
pleasure and delight. Where is the strength of Government? Where
is the patriotism of a Washington, a Warren, and Adams? And where
is a spark from the watch-fire of '76, by which one candle might be lit
that would glimmer upon the confines of Democracy? Well may it be
said that one man is not a state, nor one state the nation.
In the days of General Jackson, when France refused the first instal-
ment for spoliations, there was power, force, and honor enough to
resent injustice and insult, and the money came; and shall Missouri,
filled with negro- drivers and white men stealers, go "unwhipped of
justice" for tenfold greater sins than France? No! verily, no! While
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHLKCH. 159
I have powers of body and mind— while water runs and grass grows —
while virtue is lovely and vice hateful; and while a stone points out a
sacred spot where a fragment of American liberty once was, I or my
posterity will plead the cause of injured innocence, until Missouri makes
atonement for all her sins, or sinks disgraced, degraded, and damned
to hell, "where the worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched."
Why, sir,the powers not delegated to the United States and the States
belong to the people, and Congress sent to do the people's business
have all power; and shall fifteen thousand citizens groan in exile?
vain men! will ye not, if ye do not restore them to their rights and
$2,000,000 worth of property, relinquish to them, (the Latter-day Saints,)
as a body, their portion of power that belongs to them according to the
Constitution? Power has its convenience as well as inconvenience.
"The world was not made for Caesar alone, but for Cassius too."
I will give you a parable. A certain lord had a vineyard in a goodly
land, which men labored in at their pleasure. A few meek men also
went and purchased with money from some of these cnief men that
labored at pleasure a portion of land in the vineyard, at a very remote
part of it, and began to improve it, and to eat and drink the fruit
thereof, — when some vile persons, who regarded not man, neither feared
the lord of the vineyard, rose up suddenly and robbed these meek men,
and drove them from their possessions, killing many.
This barbarous act made no small stir among the men in the vineyard ;
and all that portion who were attached to that part of the vineyard
where the men were robbed rose up in grand council, with their chief
man, who had firstly ordered the deed to be done, and made a covenant
not to pay for the cruel deed, but to keep the spoil, and never let those
meek men set their feet on that soil again, neither recompense ihem
for it.
Now, these meek men, in their distress, wisely sought redress of
those wicked men in every possible manner, and got none. They then
supplicated the chief men, who held the vineyard at pleasure, and who
had the power to sell and defend it, for redress and redemption; and
those men, loving the fame and favor of the multitude more than the
glory of the lord of the \ineyard, answered— "Your cause is just, but
we can do nothing for you, because we have no power."
Now, when the lord of the vineyard saw that virtue and innocence
were not regarded, and his vineyard occupied by wicked men, he sent
men and took the possession of it to himself, and destroyed those un-
faithful servants, and appointed them their portion among hypocrites.
And let me say that all men who say that Congress has no power to
restore and defend the rights of her citizens have not the love of the
truth abiding in them. Congress has power to protect the nation against
160 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
foreign invasion and internal broil; and whenever that body passes an
act to maintain right with any power, or to restore right to any portion
of her citizens, it is the supreme law oj the land; and should a State re
fuse submission, that State is guilty of insurrection or rebellion, and the
President has as much power to repel it as Washington had to march
against the "whisky boys at Pittsburg," or General Jackson had to
send an armed force to suppress the rebellion of South Carolina.
To close, I would admonish you, before you let your "candor compel"
3 T ou again to write upon a subject great as the salvation of man, con-
sequential as the life of the Savior, broad as the principles of eternal
truth, and valuable as the jewels of eternity, to read in the 8th section
and 1st article of the Costitution of the United States, the first, four-
teenth and seventeenth "specific" and not very "limited powers" of the
Federal Government, what can be done to protect the lives, property,
and rights of a virtuous people, when the administrators of the law and
law-makers are unbought by bribes, uncorrupted by patronage, un-
tempted by gold, unawed by fear, and uncontaminated tangling alli-
ances — even like Caesar's wife, not onlv unspotted, but unsuspected!
And God, who cooled the heat of a Nebuchadnezzar's furnace or shut
the mouths of lions for the honor of a Daniel, will raise your mind
above the narrow notion that the General Government has no power,
to the sublime idea that Congress, with the President as Executor, is as
almighty in its sphere as Jehovah is in his.
With great respect, I have the honour to be
Your obedient servant,
Joseph Smith.
Hon. ("Mr") J. C. Calhoun,
Fort Hill, S. C.
Jonathan Pugmire, Senior, and Thomas Cartwright
Release of discharged by Jndge Whitehead, at Chester,
Pugmire and England. The iudge would not allow the
Cartwright ° .jo
from Prison, costs of prosecution or witnesses to be paid by
the Crown. It was very evident that the
Church of England ministers were at the bottom of the
machinations, and were sorely discomfited at the result.
I insert the statement of the unfortunate occurrence given
by Jonathan Pugmire, Junior: —
Cartwright Drowning — Accident at a Baptism in England.
Thomas Cartwright was baptized November 6, 1843, unknown to his
wife, by Elder Jonathan Pugmire, Senior; but she had mistrusted he
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 161
had gone to the water, and went to Pugmire's house the same evening,
and inquired where Tom was, (meaning her husband). Mrs. Pugmire
answered she did not know.
After this, Mrs. Cartwright went out and met them returning from
the waters of baptism, and shouted— "Damn you, I'll dip ye! " and ex-
pressing her determination to have revenge on Pugmire's family, she
used a great deal of very bad language.
Some of the neighbors (not belonging to the Church) advised her
not to speak too much against the Latter-day Saints, as she might yet
become convinced of the truth of their doctrines and be baptized her-
self. She replied, "I hope to God, if ever I am such a fool, that I'll be
drowned in the attempt! ''
A short time afterwards, in consequence of her husband talking to
her about the truths of the Gospel, she consented to go to Pugmire's
house and hear for herself.
After attending a few times. she told her husband she had a dream, in
which she saw it was a fearful thing to fall in the hands of the living
God, and requested to be baptized.
Mrs. Pugmire talked with her,reminding her of her harsh expression.
She confessed all. and said, "I am very sorry; and as my conduct is
known to all this neighborhood, I do not wish to have my baptism pub-
lic, but to have it done privately; and I wi&h no female to accompany
me to the water but you. ; '
On the night of her baptism (November 23, 1843), she was conducted
to the water by her husband and Elder Pugmire, witnessed by Mrs.
Pugmire and James Moore. Previous to this time, Elder Pugmire had
baptized eight or ten persons in the same place.
On arriving at the water, they found the creek had overflowed its
banks, in consequence of a heavy rain which had fallen that day. Elder
Pugmire examined its banks, and concluded he could attend to the or-
dinance without going into the regular bed of the creek.
This was done; but on raising Mrs. Cartwright, and as they were
walking out, they both went under the water.
It was afterwards discovered that the water had uudermined the
bank, and it gave way under their feet. Meantime, Thomas Cart-
wright leaped into the creek and seized hold of his wife's petticoat;
but the water carried her off, and left the garment in his hand.
James Moore got hold of Elder Pugtnire by the hair of his head,
Mrs. Pugmire holding Moore's hand, and thus they dragged
him out.
Moore then ran to the village to give the alarm. On his return, he
found Cartwright about one hundred yards from where he leaped in,
11 Vol. VI.
162 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
with' his head above water, holding on to the stump of a tree. He said
he could not have remained in that situation one minute longer.
George Knowlen swam the stream and got him out; but his wife was
not found until the day following, when she was found about two hun-
dred yards from where the accident occurred, standing upon her feet,
with her head above water, the stream having fallen about two feet.
On Pugmire reaching home, a Church of England minister had bim
arrested and dragged from his family the same evening, and kept in
custody of a constable until a coroner's inquest was held on the body of
the deceased.
After she was buried, Cartwright was arrested, and both wore sent to
Chester jail, to wait their trial befor the judge of assize. They were
in confinement six weeks and three days before their trial came on.
The judge (Whitehead) remarked to the jury that baptism was an
ordinance of our religion, and that it was a mere accident which had
occurred. He advised the jurymen to be very careful how they examined
the case before them — that it was an ordinance instituted by God (at
that moment the Lord spoke by the voice of thunder, which shook the
court house,) and advised the prisoners to be very careful in the fu-
ture to select a proper place for the performance of that rite. They
were then set free.
During their imprisonment, Pugmire had a vision, in which he was
informed that they would be liberated; and he told Cartwright to be of
good cheer, for they certainly would be acquitted.
Wednesday 3. — At home.
At noon, met with the City Council. The following is
a copy of the minutes : —
Difficulty of Wm. Law et al. With the Police.
Special City Council, Jan. 3, 1844, 12 o'clock.
Names of members called. All present.
The mayor directed the marshal to notify William Law and John
Snyder that the counc'l was in session, and informed the council that
William Law had said to his brother Hyrum that the police had been
sworn by him (the Prophet) secretly to put Law out of the way. [The
Prophet said] "I have had no private conversion with any of the
police but the high policeman, Jonathan Dunham, and that was to re-
quest him to have especial care of my personal safety, as I appre-
hended attempts to kidnap me by the Missourians.'' He called on the
policemen to say if they had received any private oath from him, when
they all said, "No."
Councilor Hyrum Smith said that William Law told him the police
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 163
had sworn him (Law) to keep the secret, which was that he was to be
put out of the way in three months.
The mayor said he wished policemen to understand forever that all
lie wanted was that they should execute the ordinances of the city and
his orders according to law.
Several of the police called for the individual to be named who made
the statement to William Law.
The mayor said he thought proper that William Law should come
and make his statement to the council on oath.
The mayor then said to the police, "If you see a man stealing, and
you have told him three times to stand, and warned him that he is a
dead man if he does not stand, and he runs shoot off his legs. The
design of the office of the police is to stop thieving; but an ene-
my should not be harmed until he draws weapons upon you."
William Law came in, and was sworn to tell the whole truth touch-
ing the case before the council.
William Law said he had been informed that some of the policemen
had had another oath administered besides the one administered to
them publicly: that one of them said there was a Judas in General
Smith's cabinet, — one who stood next to him; and he must be taken
care of, and that he must not be allowed to go into the world, but must
be taken care of; and he was not only a dough- head and a traitor like
Judas, but an assassin like Brutus: that the idea had been advanced
that the scriptures support such a doctrine.
Alderman Harris. Who is the person? and who told you?
Low. am under obligations not to tell.
Alderman Harris. That is immaterial. You are bound to disclose
the whole truth here by virtue of your oath.
Law. I am afraid to tell. One oath is as good as another.
The Mayor said he would prote^ ^1. He was bound to tell.
Laic. Eli Norton told me.
Alderman Harris. Was Eli Norton of the police?
Law. No; but he got his information from Daniel Cam, who is a
policeman.
The marshal was sent to bring Eli Norton.
The mayor said to the police — "On conditions I have had no private
conversation with any of you, rise up and change the breech of your
gun upwards," when all arose and changed the positions of their guns
as indicated,
Counselor Byrum Smith considered the matter very alarming when
he heard it. He referred to Dr. Sampson Avard's and John Carl's
treachery and false swearing in Missouri, and rehearsed what was said
by the mayor to the police in the former council.
164 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
The mayor said, "The reason why I made the remarks I did was on
account of the reports brought from Missouri jail by 0. P. Rockwell,
that my enemies were determined to get me into their power and take
my life, and thereby thought they would accomplish the overthrow of
'Mormonism.' And to enable them to effect this, they had secured
the services of some of my most confidential friends, whom I did not
suspect, and who were living in Nauvoo, to deliver me into their hands
so that their religious organizations upon their own principles might
stand; for they feared that 'Mormonism' would destroy their present
religious creeds, organizations, and orthodox systems. They did not
design to try me, but hang me, or take my life anyhow: that they had
a man in our midst who would fix me out, if they could not get me
into their power without." He then referred to his remarks at the
previous council.
Minutes of last council being called for, were then read.
Eli Norton sworn.
Question by the Mayor Did Cam say I had administered a private
oath?
Norton. No. Did not say much about Law. Did not say you had ever
administered any private oath. Carn never intimated to me that Law
must be put out of the way. Did not call William Law's name, nor
any other name. Did not say the policemen had received a private
oath. Understood Carn to say they had received private instructions;
and if a man could not keep a secret, he was not worthy of a place in
the Church. Did not say the mayor had given him a private charge.
Did not tell where the danger was expected to come from. Told me
there were dough-heads about. Did not say the dough-heads were in
danger, but the mayor was in danger from the dough-heads.
Question by William Lata: Did you not understand from Brother
Carn that he was suspicious of some person near Joseph being a dough-
head, and that that person was myself?
Answer: He mentioned a dough-head as being very near Joseph,
and he guessed you was the man; and I thought it might be that Dan-
iteism was not done with.
Mayor: Tell what you know that made you so alarmed about
Brother Law.
Ansiver: There was no chain to the conversation; but I drew the
inference that Brother Law was the dough-head from Cam's conversa-
tion; but Carn did not name Law.
Daniel Carn was sworn: Said, ''I told Brother Norton that certain
men had been counseled by the Prophet to invest their means in
publishing the new translation of the Bible; and they instead of obey-
ing that counsel, had used their property for the purpose of building a
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 165
steam- mill and raising a hundred acres of hemp; and the Lord had not
blessed them in the business, but sunk their hemp in the Mississippi
river. I told him it was my opinion that Brother Law was the dough-
head referred to.
I have had no secret conversation whatever with the mayor, and
never received any charge except the one, with the rest of the police,
before the city council.
The mayor suggested the propriety, since Rockwell and others are
clear, and we have the promise of protection from the governor; and
as the police are now well organized, that they put up their guns and
that the council pass such an order. The Danite system alluded to by
Norton never had any existence. It was a term made use of by some
of the brethren in Far West, and grew out of an expression I made use
of when the brethren were preparing to defend themselves from the
Missouri mob, in reference to the stealing of Macaiah's images (Judges
chapter IS)— If the enemy comes, the Danites will be after them,
meaningthe brethren in self-defense.
The mayor instructed the police to lay up their arms till further
orders.
At half past four p. m. council adjourned.
The council spent nearly the whole day in investigating
the subject and examining these two witnesses. The
police were all sworn and cross-examined by Reconciliation
William Law and the aldermen, and the re- andw£™Law!
suit showed nothing but imagination, having grown out of
the surmises of Daniel Carn; upon which Law became
satisfied, shook hands with me, declaring he did not be-
lieve a word of the story, and said he would stand by me
to the death, and called the whole council and the police
to witness his declaration.
Thursday 4. — At home.
I took dinner in the north room, and was remarking to
Brother Phelps what a kind, provident wife I had, — that
when I wanted a little bread and milk, she would load the
table with so many good things, it would destroy my ap-
petite. At this moment Emma came in, Repartee of
while Phelps, in continuation of the conversa- Emm a h s^ith
tion said, "You must do as Bonaparte did — have a little
table, just large enough for the victuals you want your-
166 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. lA.I). 1844
self." Mrs. Smith replied, "Mr. Smith is a bigger man
than Bonaparte: he can never eat without his friends." I
remarked, "That is the wisest thing I ever heard you
say."
Friday 5. — At home.
Last night I dreamed I saw two serpents swallowing
each other tail foremost.
Another tempest in a tea-pot, or big fuss about nothing
at all. In consequence of the night being severely cold,
Alarm of wii- some persons built a fire on the bank of the
nam Marks. river, nearly opposit William Marks' house.
He then became afraid, and concluded he must either be
the Brutus or the dough-head, and lay awake all night,
thinking the police had built the fire to kill him by! In
the morning he called on me, reported the circumstances
and expressed his fears, when another session of inquiry
was held by the city council at his request, and the police
sworn and questioned. The following is a synopsis of
the minutes: —
Special Session o the City Council — Fears oj Wm. Law and Marks.
Friday, January 5, 1844, 11 a. m.
Names of members called.
Prayer by 0. Spencer.
Minutes of the last two councils read and approved.
Object of the council stated by the mayor, similar to the last council
as William Law and William Marks had considered themselves in dan-
ger. When he heard the report he was unwilling to believe anything
about it, from the course the thing took in the last council; but, for the
sake of others, he had called this council.
As Leonard Soby was going home night before last, he was hailed by
a supposed policeman with a gun, which frightened him. Soby says
that a policeman had told him that Marks and Law must not cross his
tracks; that Warren Smith said at another time that William Marks
and William Law were enemies to Joseph.
I have never thought even to dream of doing anything against the
peace of the inhabitants of this city. Did not know I had any ene-
mies in this city: have stayed at home and heard but little:
did not know that there was so much evil surmising among
tho people. My long forbearance to my enemies ought to be
A .u. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHTJECH. 167
sufficient testimony of my peaceful disposition toward all men.
It occurred to my mind that it was not fear, but got up for effect;
but I do not know it. I want the council to investigate this matter.
William Marks sworn. Testified that on Monday evening Brother
Sobycame up and said, "Are you aware of the danger you are ml
Marks replied, "No."
Soby "Your life is threatened; a policeman stopped me in
the dark last night as I was going home; I was alarmed. I
supposed the threats were from that policeman, but I was mistaken.
Another policeman, Warren Smith, said last Sunday that Joseph had
enemies-that Law and myself were Joseph's enemies, and if they
came in his way they might be popped over. A fire was kindled in the-
street near my house, and I thought I was watched. Francis H.gbee
told me, and a man in the east part of the town told me; and a man
came from the other side of the river and told the story to that man, as
he said. Yesterday morning, Hyrum Smith, Wilson Law, and William
Law met in the street, and I told the story as before related.
Mayor. Did ever anybody tell you I directed you to be watched ? /
William Marks. No.
Marshal went for Francis M. Higbee and George W. Crouse.
Leonard Soby sivorn. On Sunday, 31st December last, I met War-
ren Smith in Crouse's store; asked him if he knew who the Brutus
was. Warren Smith said he believed William Law was one, and
Marks anther; thev had better not come in his way. Did not say he
would shoot them, or endanger their life in any way. Did not know
whether there were any private instructions, or not. Believed Brother
Marks was in danger. Did not think Marks in any danger
from Joseph. Thought Warren Smith was under a ^ wrong im-
pression with regard to Marks. Warren Smith said, "He, Marks,
had better not cross my path when I am on duty." I gathered
the idea there was something wrong with Brother Warren Smith. Do
not recollect any person present.
Mayor. Did Warren Smith or any other policeman give you to un-
derstand that I had authorized him to believe there was any difficulty
between me and Brother Law or Marks?
Soby No. He did not think Warren Smith would transcend his
official duties towards Law or Marks. Felt at the time Marks and
Law were in danger. Did not think they were in danger, if they did
not rise up against the authorities.
Did not say he had any instruction. Said to Mr. Marks, "You haye
enemies." My impression was that somebody had been to Joseph to
make a bad impression on his mind. Warren Smith did mention
brother Marks' name, I think.
lt{ 8 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A. D. 1844
Thirty policemen, all who were present, sworn. Testified that
General Smith had never given them any private instruction concern-
ing 1 the case before the council.
Warren Smith said Soby asked his opinion who was the Judas. I
said, from rumor, I would suspect William Law. Does not believe he
mentioned Marks' name. My opinion was founded on rumor. Brother
Isaac Hill said Brother Law was in a bad situation— was kicking,
aud if he did not mind, he wonld go over the board. If he had
his property in available means and was away, he would feel better.
Have heard it talked of that Brother Law was not going to stand. Hil
did not tell what he was kicking at. I understand a Brutus to
mean a treacherous man,
George W. Crouse sworn. Does not recollect any conversation be-
tween Warren Smith and Leonard Soby, at his store, relative to the
case in question. Had a discussion about the duties of policemen.
Councilor John Taylor said it was customary in all cities for police-
men to go armed in time of danger.
Councilor Orson Hyde confirmed Councilor Taylor's observation.
Councilor Hyrum Smith spoke. Told a story of the old Dutchman
and the ox. Soby makes me think of an old Dutchman that had an
ox— the first animal he ever owned in his life, and he broke him to
ride; then he filled a sack with rocks and laid it on the ox's back, and
got on himself, and told his son to hide by the roadside, and when he
came along, to jump out and hollo boo, as he wanted to know how
well his ox was broke. The son did accordingly. The ox was fright-
ened, and threw the old man off. "Father," said the son, "I did as
you told me." "Yes," said the old man; "but you made too big a
boo."
Francis M. Higbee sworn. Have received the impression from
rumor that Mr. Law, Mr. Marks and probably one or two others, could
not subscribe to all things in the Church, and there were some private
matters that might make trouble. Don't know of anyone being in dan-
ger. No one told me the police had received any private instruction.
Could not tell who he had received these rumors from.
William Law spoke. Said he had no personal feeling against War-
ren Smith. Some two or three years since, he sued Brother Warren
and stayed the suit, &c. Was suspicious Warren Smith's feelings
might have risen from that source.
Councilor Hyrum' Smith, Daniel Carn, Warren Smith, Leonard
Soby, and William Marks addressed the council.
The mayor spoke. Said no one had come to him with tales
about William Marks, to prejudice his mind against him. Was totally
ignorant of it. I said to Brother Dunham,— If any man approach
A. D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH 169
my house with arms, or attempted to disturb my house, I wanted
the police to take care of that individual, whoever he might be. I
repeat the instruction, and am perfectly astonished that Brother Law,
Marks, or auy other man should entertain such an idea [that they were
in danger.] I live above suspicion on this subject from any source
whatever. I never could bring my feelings to take revenge on my
enemies. The City Council did not concoct the idea of having a police.
The several wards petitioned for a police to protect them against in-
vasion—wanted citizens to pass the streets at any time of night without
molestation; but if the police see a man breaking in to my house or
barn, or anybody's house or barn, tell him to stand, and inquire his
business. I think it possible that some person has been nracticing
fraud on Brother Soby and the police and upon individuals, as the
police, according to their instructions, had laid away their guns.
Don't guard Brother Marks' house any more. Men must not pervert
the power entrusted to them like ex-Governor Boggs, whose executive
oath required him to protect the Saints in Missouri, but perverted his
power to enforce their extermination from the State,
Brother Soby does not know that it was a policeman who stopped
him. Brother Marks does not know that the police kindled the fire be-
fore his house. Let the police have canes. Let the citizens pass and
repass at all times of night.
Councilor Taylor spoke. Thought the conclusion drawn up by
Brother Soby, that Joseph or somebody was going to get revenged by
setting the guard to kill Marks, was the most contemptible that could
be imagined; and if Brother Soby had had the respect for Brother
Joseph he ought to have had, he could not have formed such a con-
clusion.
Mayor referred to Francis Higbee's testimony. Thought Francis
Higbee had better stay at home and hold his tongue, lest rumor turn
upon him and disclose some private matters which he would prefer ke D t
hid. Did not believe there was any rumor of the kind afloat, or he
could have told some of the names of his informants. Thought the
young men of the city had better withdraw from his society, and let
him stand on his own merits. I by no means consider him the standard
of the city.
There has been a system of corruption and debauchery, which these
rumors have grown out of; and the individuals who are the authors of
them are those who do not want a police: they want to prowl in the
streets at pleasure without interruption.
Alderman Orson Spencer spoke, approving the conduct of the police
General Wilson Law said. "lam Joseph's friend: he has no better
170 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. LA.D. 1844
friend in the world: lam ready to lay down my life for him;" and
upon that the mayor and General Wilson Law shook hands.
The ordinance concerniDg the forty policemen read twice.
The mayor objected to assuming the entire disposal of the police
beyond the definition of the ordinance.
Alderman George A. Smith said he could sleep with a fire near his
house, if there were some of the police warming themselves by it; and
he believed any honest man could do the same.
The police received the thanks of the council.
The cross-examination and speeches are generally omitted.
^Couucil adjourned at dusk for the want of candles.
What can be the matter with these men? Is it that the
wicked flee when no man pursueth, that hit
ttfe fl pro i0 hlt of pigeons always nutter, that drowning men
as to Traitors ca t c h at straws, or that Presidents Law and
inllighFlaces ' — -zr. ,
Marks are absolutely traitors to the Church,
that my remarks should produce such an excitement in
their minds. Can it be possible that the traitor whom
Porter Rockwell reports to me as being in correspondence
with my Missouri enemies, is one of my quorum? The
people in the town were astonished, almost every man
saying to his neighbor, "Is it possible that Brother Law
or Brother Marks is a traitor, and would deliver Brother
Joseph into the hands of his enemies in Missouri?" If
not, what can be the meaning of all this? "The righteous
are as bold as a lion/*"^
A number of gentle^ien boarding at my house conversed
with me on national affairs. I sent for Brother Phelps,
who came and read my letter to John C. Calhoun, with
which they were highly edified.
Elder Brigham Young went to La Harpe for the purpose
of instructing the Saints.
Commenced snowing a little before sunset, and con-
tinued all night.
Saturday, 6.— Snow about four inches deep. I rode
out with Emma in a sleigh.
The Bishops and lesser Priesthood met at Henry W.
Miller's hall.
A.D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 171
Sunday, 7. — At home in the morning. In the after-
noon, rode out to my farm, and preached in Brother
Cornelius P. Lott's house.
The Twelve Apostles attended meetings and preached
in different parts of the city.
At six p.m. attended prayer- meeting with the quorum
in the assembly room. Law and Marks absent.
Monday, S. — At home in the morniDg.
At eleven went to my office to investigate a difficulty
between John D. Parker and his wife. After laboring
with them about two hours, brought about a recon-
ciliation .
I also had an interview with William Law in the streets.
My uncle, John Smith, from Macedonia, visited me.
Amos Fielding arrived from Liverpool.
Tuesday, 9. — At home.
I insert the following from the Neighbor, as a specimen
of the respect which the Carthage mob has for law or
justice :
DISGRACEFUL AFFAIR AT CARTHAGE — OFFICERS RESISTED.
On Tuesday last Horace S. Eldredge, one of our county officers,
went to Carthage for the purpose of arresting Milton Cook, on the
charge of bastardy, and bringing him before R. D. Foster, justice of
the peace of this county, before whom affidavit had been made to that
effect. He found the accused in Bartlett's grocery, (Carthage,) and
arrested him.
Cook had a guu that he said he had loaded for the purpose, and would
make a hole through the constable if he molested him, and swore he
would not be taken.
Harmon T. Wilson and others then stepped forward to his assistance,
and said that they had sworn to stand by him, and that he should not
go. He [Eldredge] then returned with his process to the justice of the
peace, and told him what had occurred.
Mr. R. D. Foster then summoned eleven men to go along with the
constable and assist him in bringing the delinquent. They went out
and drove to the grocery, where they expected to find him; but he was
not there. They then went out for a short time, without making
known their business, when they saw an armed force gathering.
172 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.. D. 1844
They shortly afterwards returned to the grocery, and saw him there
where he swore he would not be taken. There was also an armed force
standing in the door, who also swore he should not be taken.
The officer having the process, Mr, Markham and Mr. Eagle stepped
forward and wished to reason the case with them, the officer at the
same time demanding their assistance. They were met with an armed
force of about twenty, four of whom stood in the doorway, two with
guns and bayonets, and two with pistols.
The two having the bayonets charged directly at Mr. Markham, and
swore they would run him through, and rushed upon him with their
bayonets. He, however, warded off their blows with his arm, and the
bavonet glanced and struck Mr. John Eagle in the abdomen. The
bayonet went through his clothes, scratched his body, and glanced off
without doing any further injury, other than giving him a slight cut in
the hand.
Those having the pistols then attempted to shoot, when Mr.Markham
seized the hand of one of them that held the pistol, and prevented him
from firing. The other put his pistol to Mr. Eagle's breast, and swore
he would shoot him.
The company at that time used all their force, and crowded the offi-
cers and their assistants some distance back, and carried off and se-
creted the prisoner. The officer and his company then went to the
tavern to stay all night.
The next morning, about eight o'clock, the constable an Mr. Mark-
ham went to the grocery and searched, and Bartlett said that he was
gone — that he had taken his horse and gone out of town.
They then saw a company of men gathered at Harmon T. Wilson's
store, armed with guns, bayonets, pistols, clubs, and other missiles.
Mr. Markham went to the store, where he found the constable and the
prisoner. There were fifty in and about the store, all armed.
Mr. Eldredge then told the company present who he was, and de-
manded all in the house to assist in taking the prisoner, and then
seized him. As soon as he laid hold of the prisoner, about six or eight
men laid hold of the constable. Mr. Markham assisted the constable.
When Mr. Markham had nearly succeeded in liberating the constable,
a man who was called Dr. Morrison, drew his pistol and shot at Mark-
ham. The ball missed Markham, but came so near Mr. Coltrin's head,
who was one of the assistants, as to graze his forehead.
As there were only four of the assistants in the store, they were over-
powered by superior numbers, and the prisoner was taken away from
them.
They saw that it would be impossible to take him without bloodshed^
and consequently returned home. The parties engaged in this affray
A. D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 173
swore that, regardless of all law, they would defend the prisoner, and
he should not be taken.
We have received the above particulars from Mr. Markham, and can
consequently rely upon the correctness of the statement, as he is one of
the parties mentioned. The woman who was enciente, who made the
affidavit, is not in the Church, neither is Mr. Eagle — the person who
wa» struck with the bayonet. Mr. Eagle has gone to the governor to
make complaint.
We think that it is high time that prompt measures be taken to put a
stop to such abominable outrages. If officers can be insulted in this
manner and the law violated with impunity, we think that we shall
speedily slide back into the barbarous ages.
Some of our mobocratic friends who assembled at a mob-
ocratic meeting some time ago in Carthage, were considerably
chagrined at our terming them mobocrats. We wonder whether
they now believe that they are, or not? If such proceedings as those
are cherished, fare well to our Republican institutions! farewell to law,
equity, and justice ! and farewell to all those sacred ties that bind men
to their f ellowmen !
We would here ask where the sheriff was. Why was he not applied
to? We merely ask for information. We don't know that he was
present or applied to. If he was, it certainly was his duty to see the
law magnified.
Wednesday 10. — At home.
Ordained Uncle John Smith a patriarch. Enjoyed my-
self well in an interview with the brethren, uJJ^^the
and concluded to take a ride part way with Prophet, or-
L m " darned a Pa-
my uncle on his return to Macedonia. triarch.
In consequence of a visit from some gentlemen from
Carthage, I called the City Council together at seven p.
m. I copy the minutes: —
Special Session of City Council; Complaints of Carthage Citizens Con-
sidered.
January 10, 1844, 7. p. m.
Names of members called.
The mayor said: — "Messrs. Backman, Hamilton, and Sherman,
lawyers from Carthage, have called on me and told me that the occa-
sion of the excitement at Carthage and the resistance to the law, in the
case of the arrest of Cook, was the late ordinance of this council to
prevent unlawful search or seizure of person or property by foreign
174 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D .184
process in the city of Nauvoo; that they considered said ordinance was
designed to hinder the execution of the statutes of Illinois within this
city; consequently, they, the old citizens, felt disposed to stop the exe-
cution of processes issuing from the city precincts. They also raised
objections against the process by Justice Foster for the apprehension of
Cook, because it was made returnable to him alone, whereas they said
the statute required it to be made returnable before himself or some
other justice.
I explained to them the nature and reason of the ordinance — that was
to prevent kidnapping under the pretense of law or process, and to fa-
cilitate the apprehension of thieves, &c, in this city, by throwing all
foreign processes into the hands of the marshal, who would be most
likely to know the hiding-places of fugitives from justice, who might
secrete themselves in our city; and said that if any wrong impression
had gone abroad with regard to the motives of the council in passing
said ordinance, I would call the council immediately, that they might
have the opportunity of giving any explanation necessary, so that the
public might understand the ordinance in its true light. I have there-
fore called the council accordingly. I also referred the lawyers from
* lorthage to the statute which requires all processes issued in cases of
bastardy to be returnable alone to the justice issuing the same, which
they doubted until I showed them the law, when they looked a little
crest-fallen and foolish."
After deliberation, an additional section relative to the foregoing or-
dinance was read three times, and passed, by way of amendment: —
''Secttion 3. Be it ordained by the city council of the city of
Nauvoo, that nothing in the foreging ordinance shall be so construed
as to prevent, hinder, or thwart the designs of justice, or to retard the
civil officers of the state or county in the discharge of their official du-
ties, but to aid and assist them within the limits of this city.
"Passed January 10, 1844.
"Joseph Smith, Mayor.
"Willard Richards, Recorder.''
Council adiourned.
Wrote a letter to Esquire Backman to inform him what
the City Council had done.
I received a long equivocating letter from Francis M.
Higbee, charging me with having slandered his character
complaints of and demanding a public trial before the
Tgainsfth? 6 Church. It contains no denial of the charges
Prophet. which he accuses me of having spoken against
him. but is full of bombast.
A.U. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 175
Thursday 11. — At home.
Rode oat, ten a. in., and returned at half-past one
p. in.
This morning William Jones, who had stayed all night
at Wilson's Tavern in Carthage, was arrested without
process by Colonel Levi W T illiams and his company, who
kept him in custody until noon without rations.
The Twelve Apostles gave an invitation to the Saints
in Xauvoo to cut and draw for mo seventy-five or one
hundred cords of wood on the 15th and 16th instant.
Friday 12. — Thaw: snow nearly gone.
A conference was held in Brownstown, Main county,
Michigan. Elder Mephibosheth Sirrine, president; and
Gehiel Savage, clerk. Nine branches were conference in
represented, containing 6 elders, 9 priests, Mlch, s an
7 teachers, 1 deacon, 136 members, and 15 scattered mem-
bers ; one hundred members having removed from that
state to Xauvoo since the conference in July last.
Saturday 13. — At home in the morning.
At ten o'clock, attended City Council, where a bill for
an ordinance concerning the recording of deeds in this
city was taken under consideration, and read twice. It
elicited much discussion.
The ten policemen who were not present at the meeting
of the City Council on the 5th instant were sworn in the
matter of William Law and William Marks, and testified
they had received no private instructions whatever from
me.
A discussion took place on the subject of granting
licenses for the sale of spirits.
I signed resolutions passed at a court martial held this
morning.
Stephen M. Farns worth was chosen president of the
priests' quorum, and William Carmichael and William
Box his counselors.
Sunday 14. — At home all day.
176 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
A prayer -meeting was held at the assembly room. I did
not attend.
Warm and rainy towards evening.
The Twelve Apostles preached at private houses in
various parts of the city.
A branch of the Church was organized in New Orleans,
with 34 members. T. B. Jackaway, president, and E.
L. Brown, clerk.
Monday 15. — At home. Wrote to Sister Maria L.
Campbell, Elmira, N. Y.
At nine, a. m., teams began to arrive with wood, ac-
cording to the appointment of the Twelve Apostles, there
being about 200 of the brethren chopp ing; in
A Wood Bee. .. , , . .. . „
the woods, and from thirty to forty teams
engaged in drawing the wood to my house. About 100
loads were drawn, and as many more chopped, and left to
be drawn another day.
At ten, a. m. , Dr. Richards called, and told me it was
reported that Francis M. Higbee was going to put me un-
o? Francis m ^ er $10,000 bonds for speaking against him.
mgbee. At the same time, Constable Eldredge sum-
moned me to attend a court as witness before Esquire
Johnson; and I went accordingly, to give my testimony.
The Twelve Apostles wrote the following letter: —
Litter: The Twelve Apostles to the Saints at Morley Settlement —
Material Help Asked for.
Nauvoo, January 15, 1844.
To President Isaac Morley and the Saints at Morley Settlement, the
Twelve send greeting: —
Beloved Brethren — While the work of the Lord is great and sought
out by all them that have pleasure therein, the Lord of the vineyard has
laid special charges upon some of His servants to execute; and while we
are striving by all means to raise funds to hasten the Temple the ap-
proaching spring, we are not unmindful of the "History of the Church,"
the "Great Proclamation to the Kings of the Earth," and the "Memorials
to Congress,'' &c, all of which are now before the Church .though their
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE. CHURCH. 177
progress is retarded for the want of the necessaries of life, in the fa-
milies of those who are employed in this business.
Two or three clerks are necessarily employed, and that continually,
by our Prophet, who cheerfully devote their time — not a tenth, but the
whole, to roll on these desirable objects; buttheir hands are palsied and
their pens stayed, more or less. Therefore, with the approbation of
our President, we again call on you, as those who have ever been ready
to listen to the wants of the Church, that you would raise such collec-
tions of provisions as you may have at your disposal, and forward the
same without delay to us, for the special benefit of the clerks of Pres-
ident Smith or the Church. Asking no more, it is right they should
not go hungry or naked.
Do you ask what is wanting? We answer, Look to your own house-
holds, and say what it requires to make them comfortable, and you will
know just what is wanting by these men. Eatables 0/ every kind, and
even soap to keep their hands clean, is scarce at Nauvoo, and it takes
many lights to keep the pen in motion these long evenings.
The President has plenty to do without supporting a number of
clerks, whose business as deeply concerns every other individual in
the Church as himself, although he has done it to a great extent and
with great inconvenience; and we are confident that when you are made
acquainted with the facts, you will be unwilling that Joseph should
do all, and get all the blessing. And as you shall continue your liber-
ality in temporal things, God shall pour out upon your heads blessings
spiritual and temporal; and now is the time for action.
All is peace at Nauvoo, and the last report from the Carthagenians
was, they were beginning to think it was time to throw down their
arms and attempt a compromise. But the "Mormons ,r can truly say
they have had no quarrel with them. It has all been between the
citizens and the law, their own officers being the executors thereof; and
we feel disposed to let them fight it out among themselves, while we
live in peace and laugh at their folly.
With our prayers and blessings, we subscribe ourselves
Your brethren in Christ Jesus.
In behalf of the quorum,
B. Young, President.
W. Richards, Clerk.
The Municipal Court issued a warrant for the arrest of
Francis M. Higbee, on affidavit of Orson Pratt.
East wind in forenoon, and some rain. Brisk wind
from N.W. in afternoon.
12 VOL. VI
178 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. A.D.1844
Benjamin Andrews published in the Times and Seasons
"An Appeal to the people of the State of
Andrews' .
Appeal to the Maine, ' setting forth the persecutions, mur-
State of Maine , tit- i 1 1 n ■
ders, and robberies committed upon the Saints
by the people of the State of Missouri, and soliciting the
assistance of his native State in procuring redress.
Tuesday, 16. — Cold and windy.
At ten, a.m., Francis M. Higbee was brought up before
the Municipal Court, on complaint of Orson
Higbee on Pratt, for absenting himself from City Council
Trial— Recon- .,, , , , -■ ..
dilation with without leave, when summoned as a witness,
prophet. an( j £ or s } an( j erous an( j abusive language to-
wards one of the members of the Council.
The court adjourned, and the City Council commenced
their session, continuing till two o'clock, during which
time a reconciliation took place with Francis M. Higbee,
who had written a slanderous letter concerning me, and
said many hard things, which he acknowledged; and I
forgave him. 1 went before the Council and stated that
all difficulties between me and F. M. Higbee were eter-
nally buried, and I was to be his friend for ever. To which
F. M. Higbee replied, "I will be his friend for ever, and
his right-hand man."
A number of the brethren assembled and chopped up
the firewood which had been hauled to my house yester-
day, and piled it up ready for use.
The following "Ordinance concerning the sale of Spir-
ituous Liquors 1 ' was passed by the City Council:
An Ordinance concerning the Sale of Spirituous Liquors.
Whereas, the use and sale of distilled and fermented liquors for all
purposes of beverage and drink by persons in health are viewed by this
City Council with unqualified disapprobation:
Whereas, nevertheless the aforesaid liquors are considered highly
beneficial for medical and mechanical purposes, and may be safely
employed for such uses, under the counsel of discreet persons:
Therefore,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 179
Sect. 1. Be it ordained by the City Council of the city of Nauvoo,
that the Mayor of this city is hereby authorized to sell said liquors in
such quantities as he may deem expedient.
Sect. 2. Be it further ordained, that other persons not exceeding
one to each ward of the city, may also sell said liquors in like quan-
tities for medical and mechanical purposes by obtaining a license of the
Mayor of the city. The above ordinance to be in full force and effect
immediately after its passage, — all ordinances to the contrary not-
withstanding.
Passed January 16, 1844.
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
W. Richards, Recorder.
An ordinance was also passed, authorizing Henry G.
Sherwood to make out a city directory, and to establish
an intelligence office in the city. Also the followiDg
ordinance : —
An Ordinance concerning Witnesses and Jurors' Fees.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the city of Nauvoo, that here-
after all persons subpoenaed and attending upon courts of trial as wit-
nesses, or as jurors in civil cases, shall not be compelled to testify or be
held in attendance either as witness or juror, unless they shall first be
tendered the sum of fifty cents per day for each witness and each juror
subpoenaed.
Passed January 16, 1844.
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
W. Richards, Recorder.
Wednesday, 17. — At home settling accounts with vari-
ous individuals. Gave deed of a lot to John Lytle.
The steamer Shepherdess sank near St. Louis, drowning
forty passengers.
Thursday, 18. — At home, and wrote letters to Reuben
McBride and Joseph Coe, Kirtland; Clark Leal, of Foun-
tain Green; and to Justin J. Butterfield, Esq., Chicago.
This afternoon a man called on Brother Nelson Judd,
and said he wanted to sell him some wood below Davidson
Hibbard's. He went to see the wood, the man saying he
would meet him at the place. When below, Hibbard's two
180 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
men came up on horseback, and told him they had a
warrant for him, for taking away Avery's
Nelson* Judd 1 things from Bear Creek. One shot at him
twice and the lOther snapped at him twice
with their pistols. Judd then coolly said, "Now, 'tis
my turn," putting his hand into his pocket, although he
knew he had no pistols: yet the men fled.
There was a cotillion party at the Mansion this evening.
Friday, 19. — Rode out in the course of the day. In the
evening, gave a lecture on the Constitution of the United
States, and on the candidates for the Presidency.
Mild weather. Cloudy in the afternoon.
A meeting was held in the assembly room to devise
means for the founding of another library institution in
Nauvoo.
A.D. 1844) HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 181
CHAPTER VIII.
PRESENTATION OF THE BOOK OF MORMON TO QUEEN VICTO-
RIA — THE SEALING POWERS OF THE PRIESTHOOD — GOV-
ERNOR FORD'S WARNING TO THE PEOPLE OF HANCOCK
COUNTY — APOSTROPHE TO MISSOURI — JOSEPH SMITH NOM-
INATED FOR PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES — HIS
VIEWS ON THE POWERS AND POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITED STATES.
Saturday, January 20th, 1844. — Held Mayor's Court on
the case — "City of Nauvoo versus Stephen Wilkinson,"
for breach of ordinance. I discharged the defendant, he
paying costs.
At six, p. m., prayer- meeting, in the assembly room.
I was at home.
The High Council met, but, having no business, ad-
journed.
"stanzas"
On the Presentation of the Book of Mormon to Queen Victoria.
BY MISS E. E. SNOW.
Before leaving London, Elder Lorenzo Snow presented to her Maj-
esty Queen Victoria, and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, through
the politeness of Sir Henry Wheatly, two neatly bound copies of the
Book of Mormon, which had been donated by President Brighani
Young, and left in the care of Elder Snow for that purpose; which cir-
cumstance suggested the following lines: —
Of all the monarchs of the earth
That wear the robes of royalty,
She has inherited by birth
The broadest wreath of majesty.
182 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
From her wide territorial wing
The sun does not withdraw its light,
While earth's diurnal motions bring
To other nations day and night.
All earthly thrones are tottering things,
Where lights and shadows intervene ;
And regal honor often brings
The scaffold or the guillotine.
But still her sceptre is appproved;
All nations deck the wreath she wears:
Yet, like the youth whom Jesus loved,
One thing is lacking even there.
But lo! a prize possessing more
Of worth than gems with honor rife —
A herald ot salvation bore
To her the words of endless life.
That Gift, however fools deride,
Is worthy of her royal care:
She'd better lay her crown aside
Than spurn the light reflected there.
Oh would she now her influence bend —
The influence of royalty,
Messiah's kingdom to extend,
And Zion's "nursing mother" be.
Thus with the glory of her name
Inscribed on Zion's lofty spire,
She'd win a wreath of endless fame,
To last when other wreaths expire.
Though over millions called to reign —
Herself a powerful nation's boast,
'Twould be her everlasting gain *
To serve the King, the Lord of Hosts.
For there are crowns and thrones on high,
And kingdoms thereto be conferred;
There honors wait that never die;
There fame's immortal trump is heard.
A.D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 183
Truth echoes — 'tis Jehovah's word;
Let kings and queens and princes hear;
In distant isles the sound is heard;
Ye heavens rejoice! O earth, give ear! .
The time, the time is now at hand
To give a glorious period birth:
The son of God will take command
And rule the nations of the earth.
Nauvoo, Jan. 20, 1844.
Sunday 21. — Preached at the southeast corner of the
temple to several thousand people, although the weather
was somewhat unpleasant. My subject was the sealing
of the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the hearts
of the children to the fathers.
[The following synopsis was reported by Elder Wilford
Woodruff:]—
Discourse: Ihe Sealing Power in the Priesthood.
When I consider the surrounding circumstances in which I am
placed this day, standing in the open air with weak lungs, and some-
what out of health, I feel that 1 must have the prayers and faith of my
brethren that God may strengthen me and pour out His special blessing
upon me, if you get very much from me this day.
There are many people assembled here to-day, and throughout the
city, and from various parts of the world, who say that they have re-
ceived to a certainty a portion of the knowledge from God, by revela-
tion, in the way that He has ordained and pointed out.
I shall take the broad ground, then, that we have received a portion
of knowledge from God by immediate revelation, and from the same
source we can receive all knowledge.
What shall I talk about to-day? I know what Brother Cahoon wants
me to speak about. He wants me to speak about the coming of Elijah
in the last days. I can see it in his eye. I will speak upon that sub-
ject then.
The Bible says, "I will send you Elijah the Prophet before the com-
ing of the great and dreadful day of the Lord; and he shall turn the
hearts of the fathers to the children, and the hearts of the children to
the fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse."
184 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. TA.D. 1844
r N
Now, the word turn here should be translated bind, or seal. But
what is the object of this important mission? or how is it to be fulfilled?
The keys are to be delivered, the spirit of Elijah is to come, the Gospel
to be established, the Saints of God gathered, Zion built up, and the
Saints to come up as saviors on Mount Zion. 3
But how are they to become saviors on Mount Zion? By building
their temples, erecting their baptismal fonts, and going forth and re-
ceiving all the ordinances, baptisms, confirmations, washings, anoint-
ings, ordinations and sealing powers upon their heads, in behalf of all
their progenitors who are dead, and redeem them that they may come
forth in the first resurrection and be exalted to thrones of glory with
them; and herein is the chain that binds the hearts of the fathers to
the children, and the children to the fathers, which fulfills the mission
of Elijah. And I would to God that this temple was now done, that
we might go into it, and go to work and improve our time, and make
use of the seals while they are on earth.
The Saints have not too much time to save and redeem their dead,
and gather together their living relatives, that they may be saved also,
before the earth will be smitten, and the consumption decreed falls up-
on the world.
I would advise all the Saints to go to with their might and gather to-
gether all their living relatives to this place, that they may be sealed
and saved, that they may be prepared against the^day that the destroy-
ing angel goes forth; and if the whole Church should go to with all
their might to save their dead, seal their posterity, and gather their
living friends, and spend none of their time in behalf of the world, they
would hardly get through before night would come, when no man can
work; and my only trouble at the present time is concerning ourselves,
that the Saints will be divided, broken up, and scattered, before we get
our salvation secure; for there are so many fools in the world for the
devil to operate upon, it gives him the advantage oftentimes.
The question is frequently asked "Can we not be saved without go-
ing through with all those ordiaauces, &e.?" I would answer, No, not
the fullness of salvation. Jesus said, "There are many mansions in
my Father's house, and I will go and prepare a place for you." House
here named should have been translated kingdom; and any person who
is exalted to the highest mansion has to abide a celestial law, and the
whole law too.
But there has been a great difficulty in getting anything into the
heads of this generation. It has been like splitting hemlock knots
with a corn-dodger for a wedge, and a pumpkin for a beetle. Even the
Saints are slow to understand.
A.D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 185
I have tried for a number of years to get the minds of the Saints
prepared to receive the things of God; but we frequently see some of
them, after suffering all they have for the work of God, will fly to
pieces like glass as soon as anything comes that is contrary to their
traditions: they cannot stand the fire at all. How many will be able
to abide a celestial law, and go through and receive their exaltation, I
am unable to say, as many are called, but few are chosen.
Prayer-meeting in the Assembly Room.
Monday, 22. — Rainy ; wind easterly ; mud very deep,
^^ented the Nauvoo Mansion and stables to Ebenezer
Robinson for one thousand dollars per annum Nauvoo Man .
and board for myself and family and horses, siou Leased -
reserving to myself three rooms in the housed
Prayer-meeting at President Young's; ten present.
Tuesday. 5^s^Ebenezer Robinson took possession of
the Nauvoo Mansion, to continue it as a public-house/W.
W. Phelps, Newel K. Whitney and Willard sale of the
Richards valued the printing office and lot at SSment
$1,500; printing apparatus, «$950; bindery, toJohn Ta y lor
$112; foundry, $270; total, $2,832. I having sold the
concern to John Taylor, who in consideration was to as-
sume the responsibility of the Lawrence estate.
There was a cotillion party in the evening at the Nauvoo
Mansion. The night was clear and cold.
The ship Fanny, Captain Patterson, sailed from Liver-
pool with 210 Saints on board.
Wednesday , 24. — Called at my office about one o'clock.
I think the appraised valuation of the printing office rather
too low.
Weather very cold.
The mob party at Carthage, Warsaw, and Green Plains
continued their agitation.
Thursday, 25. — At home.
Prayer- meeting at Brother Brigham's: eight of the
Twelve Apostles present. Weather extremely cold.
I approved of the doings of a generel court-martial
held January 13th.
186 HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1844
Friday, 26. — I dictated to my clerk an article on the
situation of the nation, referring to the President's
Message, &c.
Prayer- meeting at Brother Young's: eight of the Twelve
Apostles present. Elder Orson Hyde went to Carthage to
preach. Weather clear and cool.
Saturday, 27. — Weather extremely cold and clear.
Prayer-meeting in the assembly room. High Council
met, but, having no business, adjourned.
Sunday, 28. — I had some company in the evening from
Warsaw. I conversed with them on politics, religion, &c.
Prayer-meeting in the assembly room. Weather very
cold.
I insert the following from the Millennial Star: —
Importance of Elders Keeping Journals, Case of Healing Recorded.
Mr. Editor: — The idea has frequently crossed my mind, that were
the Elders of the Church of Jesus Christ in this age to keep a journal
of their travels and ministry, and record all the healings and miracles
they had witnessed from time to time, — that should their separate jour-
nals be afterwards collected together and published in a volume, I am
inclined to believe that a far greater number of manifest displays of the
power of God would be therein recorded than is found in the journals
of the Eldprs of the Church of Jesus Christ in the early ages, at least
so far as they are faithfully handed down to us in the New Testament
Scriptures.
A.nd although, as in days of old, we are frequently branded with the
epithets of "fools, fanatics, religious enthusiasts, dupes, and vile im-
postors," yet "what we have felt and seen, with confidence we tell."
We have frequently heard from individuals on whose testimony we
can rely with the greatest confidence, of extraordinary displays of the
power of God in the gift of healing; such, for instance, as the blind
receiving their sight, the deaf having their hearing restored, the lame
man being made to "leap as an hart," the dumb spirit being cast out,
and one instance of the dead being restored to life.
Another instance of the kind last mentioned, with a heart overflowing
with gratitude, I desire to record. On the afternoon of yesterday, a
child of mine, a girl aged eight years, was sliding on the rails of the
staircase, when on a sudden she turned over, and fell from top to bottom
with a most tremendous crash, falling on her head, and being com-
pletely double when picked up by her mother, — so much so indeed, that
A.D. 1844 J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 187
her brother, who heard the noise, looked out of the kitchen, and seeing
something lying in the passage motionless, concluded that his sister
had thrown some dirty linen over the rails, and took no further notice.
Her mother, on hearing the noise occasioned by her fall, hastened out
of the parlor to the fatal spot, and immediately discovered it was poor
Mary Jane, who lay motionless, speechless, senseless, yea, lifeless. She
instantly took her up in her arms, and when she beheld her appearance,
in an agony she cried out, "My child is dead! she has fallen and killed
herself."
By this time I had hastened to the horrid scene, where I beheld my
lovely girl stretched on the lap of her disconsolate mother, without the
slightest appearance of life. I immediately examined her, and found
that she breathed not, and that her pulsation had ceased. Her eyes
also were wide open, and quite fixed as in death, and there appeared
to be gathering over them the film of dissolution. In fact, if it be true
that Eutychus (the young man mentioned in the 20th chapter of the
Acts of the Apostles, who fell from an upper stoi'y,) was taken up
dead, it is equally true that my daugther was takea up dead, for there
was not the slightest vestige of life apparent.
At this moment, with heart uplifted to my Heavenly Father, I, in
mighty faith, placed my hands upon her and ejaculated, "Lord, heal
my child!" when in one moment she shewed signs of life, and attemp-
ted to speak.
T immediately gave her to drink a little cold water, and bathed her
head with the same. She then sat up and vomited considerably, and
she is now so far recovered as this morning to sing a verse of a hymn
and walk about as usual.
During my presidency over the Liverpool Conference, which is nearly
eighteen months, I have witnessed many cases of healing, but never
any so very striking as the one I have just related.
If you deem the narrative worthy of a place in your pages of the
Millennial Star, you are quite at liberty to insert it.
I remain, dear brother,
Yours sincerely in the Gospel of Jesus,
George Mitchblson.
(onday, 29. — At ten, a.m., the Twelve Apostles,
together with Brother Hyrum and John P. The Pres .
Greene, met at the mayor's office, to take into i™ctiL
consideration the proper course for this people considered.
^pursue in relation to the coming Presidential election.
The candidates for the office of President of the United
States at present before the people are Martin Van Buren
188 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A D. 1844
and Henry Clay. It is morally impossible for this people,
in justice to themselves, to vote for the re-election of Pres-
ident Van Buren — a man who criminally neglected his
duties as chief magistrate in the cold and unblushing man-
ner which he did, when appealed to for aid in the Missouri
difficulties. His heartless reply burns like a firebrand in
the breast of every true friend of liberty — "Your cause is
just, but I can do nothing for you." 1,1
As to Mr. Clay, his sentiments and cool contempt of
the people's rights are manifested in his reply — "You had
better go to Oregon tor redress,'''' which would prohibit any
true lover of our constitutional privileges from supporting
him at the ballot-box.
It was therefore moved by Willard Richards, and voted
unanimously—
That we will have an independent electoral ticket, and
that Joseph Smith be a candidate for the next Presidency;
and that we use all honorable means in our power to
secure his election.
I said —
The Prophet on the Campaign.
If you attempt to accomplish this, you must send every man in the
city who is able to speak in public throughout the land to electioneer
and make stump speches, advocate the "Mormon" religion, purity of
elections, and call upon the people to stand by the law and put down
mobocracy. David Yearsly must go, — Parley P. Pratt to New York,
Erastus Snow to Vermont, and Sidney Rigdon to Pennsylvania.
After the April Conference we will have General Conferences all over
the nation, and I will attend as many as convenient. Tell the people
we have had Whig and Democratic Presidents long enough: we want a
President of the United States. If I ever get into the presidential chair.
I will protect the people in their rights and liberties. I will not elec-
tioneer for myself. Hyrum, Brigham, Parley and Taylor must go.
Clayton must go, or he will apostatize. The Whigs are striving for a
king under the garb of Democracy. There is oratory enough in the
Church to carry me into the presidential chair the first slide. \
Captain White, of Quincy, was at the Mansion last night,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 189
and this morning drank a toast. * * * "May Nauvoo be-
come the empire seat of government ! ' '
I dictated to Brother Phelps the heads of my pamphlet,
entitled, "Views on the Powers and Policy of
the Government of the United States." commence-
A T/rm • ment of the
A Millerite lecturer came into the office with £r°P het 's
Brother Clayton, about five, p.m. I had some ro wera and
conversation with him about the definition of
the Greek word Hades, and the Hebrew word Sheol, &c
He lectured in the evening in the hall.
Prayer-meeting at Elder Brigham Young's.
Governor Ford wrote the following expostulatory epistle
to the citizens of Hancock County, through the Warsaw
Signal: — v
Governor Ford's Warning to the People of Hancock' County.
» Springfield, January 29, 1844.
Dear Sir:— I have received the copy of the proceeding and reso-
lutions of a meeting of the citizens of Hancock County, which you did
me the honor to send me.
I have observed with regret that occasions have been presented for
disturbing the peace of your county; and if I knew what I could legally
do to apply a corrective, I would be very ready to do it. But if you are
a lawyer, or at all conversant with the law, you will know that I, as a
Governor, have no right to interfere in your difficulties.
As yet, I believe that there has been nothing like war among you:
and I hope that all of you will have the good sense to see the necessity
of preserving peace. If there is anything wrong in the Nauvoo char-
ters, or in the mode of administering them, you will see that nothing
short of legislative or judicial power is capable of enforcing a remedy.
I myself had the honor of calling the attention of the Legislature to
this subject at the last session; but a large majority of both political
parties in that body either did not see the evil which you complain of,
or, if they did, they repeatedly refused to correct it. And yet a call is
made upon me to do that which all parties refused to do at the last
session.
I have also been called upon to take away the arms from the
Mormons, to raise the militia to arrest a supposed fugitive, and in fact
t o repeal some of the ordinances of the City of Nauvoo.
Hancock County is justly famed for its intelligence; and I cannot
190 HISTOKY 01 THE CHURCH. |A. D. 1844
believe that any of its citizens are so ignorant as not to know that I
have no power to do these things.
The absurd and preposterous nature of these requests give some color
to the charge that they are made for political effect only. I hope that
this charge is untrue; for, in all candor, it would be more creditable to
those concerned to have their errors attributed to ignorance than to a
disposition to embroil the country in the horrors of war for the advance-
ment of party ends.
But if there should be any truth in the charge, (whicn God forbid.) I
affectionately entreat all the good citizens engaged in it to lay aside
their designs and yield up their ears to the voice of justice, reason, and
humanity. All that I can do at present is to admonish both parties to
beware of carrying matters to extremity.
Let it come to this — let a state of war ensue, and I will be compelle'd
to interfere with executive power. In that case also, I wish, in a
friendly, affectionate, and candid manner, to tell the citizens o Hancock
County, Mormons and all, that my interference will be against those
who shall be the first transgressors.
I am bound by the laws and Constitution to regard you all as citizens
of the State, possessed of equal rights and privileges, and to cherish the
rights of one as dearly as the rights of another. I can know no dis-
tinction among you except that of assailant and assailed,
I hope, dear sir, you will do me the favor to publish this letter in the
papers of your county, for the satisfaction of all persons concerned.
I am, with the highest respect,
Your obedient servant,
Thomas Ford.
Tuesday 30. — At eleven, a.m., I went into the office
with Colonel Jackson.
One, p.m., held mayor's court at my office, on the
case "City versus Thomas Coates. " Fined the defendant
$25 and costs for beating John Ellison.
A Millerite preached again in the assembly room, and
Elder Rigdon replied to him. There was a full house.
Prayer- meeting at Elder Brigham Young's.
Wednesday, 31. — Eleven, a. m., I called at Miationto
the office, and told Benjamin Winchester to
go to Warsaw and preach the first principles of the Gospel,
get some lexicons, and return home.
i
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 191
Prayer-meeting at Elder Brigham Young's in the
evening. There seems to be quite a revival throughout
Nauvoo, and an inquiry after the things of God, by all
the quorums and the Church in general.
Sidney Rigdon published a lengthy appeal to the Le-
gislature of the State of Pennsylvania, setting
forth in pathetic style the grievances he had SK?*
suffered through the persecution against the Penns r lvania -
Church by the State of Missouri, which concludes as
follows: —
Peroration of Rigdon : s Appeal to Pennsylvania.
In confidence of the purity and patriotism of the represent atives of
the people of his native state, your memorialist comes to your honor-
able body, through this his winged messenger, to tell you that the al-
tar which was erected by the blood of your ancestors to civil and relig-
ious liberty, from whence ascended up the holy incense of pure patriot-
ism and universal good will to man, into the presence of Jehovah, a
savior of life, is thrown down, and the worshipers thereat have been
driven away, or else they are lying slain at the place of the altar. He
comes to tell your honorable body that the temple your fathers erected
to freedom, whither their sons assembled to hear herprecepts and cher-
ish her doctrines in their hearts, has been desecrated— its portals closed,
so that those who go up thither are forbidden to enter.
He comes to tell your honorable body that the blood of the heroes
and patriots of the revolution, who have been slain by wicked hands
for enjoying their religious rights, the boon of Heaven to man, has
cried and is crying in the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth, saying, "Re-
dress, redress our wrongs, Lord God of the whole earth."
He comes to tell your honorable body that the dying groans of infant
innocence and the shrieks of insulted and abused females, and many of
them widows of revolutionary patriots, have ascended up into the ears
of Omnipotence, and are registered in the archives of et ernity, to be
had in the day of retribution as a testimony against the whole nation,
unless their cries and groans are heard by the representatives of the
people, and ample redress made, as far as the nation can make it, or
else the wrath of the almighty will come down in fury against the
whole nation.
Under all these circumstances, your memorialist prays to be heard
192 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
by your honorable body touching all the matters of his memorial. And
as a memorial will be presented to Congress this session for redress
of our grievances, he prays your honorable body will instruct the
whole delegation of Pennaylvania, in both houses, to use all their influ-
ence in the national councils to have redress granted.
And, as in duty bound, your memorialist will ever pray.
SlDN EY RlGDON.
Miss E. R. Snow published the following apostrophe
to—
"MISSOURI."
What aileth thee, Missouri! that thy face should gather blackness?
and why are thy features so terribly distorted?
Rottenness has seized upon thy vitals, corruption is preying upon thy
inward parts, and the breath of thy lips is full of destructive con-
tagion.
What meaneth thy shaking? and why art thou terrified? Thou hast
become like Belshazzar. "Mene, mene, tekel, upharsin!' n is indeed
written against thee; but it is the work of thine own hand; the charac-
ters upon thy wall are of thine own inscription; and wherefore dost
thou tremble?
Wouldst thou know the interpretation thereof? Hast thou sought
for a Daniel to declare it unto thee? Verily one greater than a Daniel
was in thy midst; but thou hast butchered the Saints, and hast hunted
the Prophets like Ahab of old.
Thou has extinguished the light of thy own glory; thou hast plucked
from thy head the crown of honor; thou hast divested thyself of the
robe of respectability; thou hast thrust from thine own bosom the
veins that flowed with virtue and integrity.
Thou hast violated the laws of our sacred constitution; thou hast un-
sheathed the sword against thy dearest national rights, by rising up
against thine own citizens, and moistening thy soil with the blood of
those that lega ly inherited it.
When thou hadst torn from helpless innocence its rightful protectors
thou didst pollute the holy sanctury of female virtue, and barbarously
trampled upon the most sacred gems of domestic felicity.
Therefore the daughters of Columbia count thee a reproach, and
blush with indignation at the mention of thy name.
Thou hast become an ignominious stain on the escutcheon of a noble,
free and independent republic; thou hast become a stink in the nos-
trils of the Goddess of Liberty.
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 193
Thou art fallen — thou art fallen beneath the weight of thine own
unhallowed deeds, and thine iniquities are pressing as a heavy load
upon thee.
But although thy glory has departed — though thou hast gone down
like a star that is set forever, thy memory will not be erased; thou wilt
be had in remembrance even until tbe Saints of God shall forget that
the way to the celestial kingdom is "through great tribulation."
Though thou shouldst be severed from the body of the Union, like a
mortified member — though the lion from the thicket should deyour
thee, thy doings will be perpetuated; mention will be made of them by
the generations to come.
Thou art already associated with Herod, Nero, and the bloody In-
quisition; thy name has become synonymous with oppression, cruelty,
treachery, and murder.
Thou wilt rank high with the haters of righteousness and the shed-
ders of innocent blood: the hosts of tyrants are waiting beneath to meet
thee at thy coming.
ye wise legislators! ye executives of the nation! ye distributors of
justice! ye advocates of equal rights! arise and redress the wrongs of
an innocent people, and redeem the cause of insulted liberty.
Let not the contagious spirit of corruption wither the sacred wreath
that encircles you, and spread a cloud of darkness over the glory of
your star-spangled banner;
Lest the monarchs of the earth should have you in derision; lest you
should be weighed in the balance with the heathen nations, and should
be found wanting; lest the arm of the Lord should be revealed in
judgment against you; lest an arrow of vengeance from the almighty
should pierce the rotten fabric of a once sheltering constitution, and
your boasted confidence become like an oak dismembered of its
branches, whose shattered trunk is torn piecemeal by the uprising of
the tempest!
For the cries of the widow and fatherless, the groans of the oppressed
and the prayers of the suffering exile have come up before the God of
Hosts, who brought our pilgrim fathers across the boisterous ocean,
and raised up a Washington to break the yoke of foreign oppression.
Morley Settlement, January, 1844.
Thursday, February 1. — At home: weather cold.
Phinehas Richards published a thrilling appeal to the
inhabitants of his native state of Massachu- An Appeal to
setts, to consider the wrongs sustained in the Sffiffia""
loss of lives and property, and other damages Richards -
13 Vol. VT.
194 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. | A.i). 1844
done to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
of which he is a member.
Elder Reuben Hedlock wrote to President Brigham
Young, giving the names of those who had emigrated at
the expense of the office, amounting to $2,378; which is
due from the emigrants.
Friday, 2. — Dr. Willard Richards called and read Phin-
ehas Richards' appeal to the inhabitants of Massachusetts,
for redress of Missouri grievances.
Prayer-meeting at Elder Brigham Young's. Weather
cold.
I went into the assembly room, where I found Elders
Wilford Woodruff, Willard Richards, and W. W. Phelps,
to whom I related the following dream, which Elder Wil-
ford Woodruff reported :
The Prophet'' s Dream — Troubled Waters Overcome.
I was standing on a peninsula, in the midst of a vast body of water
where there appeared to be a large harbor or pier built out for boats
to come to. I was surrounded by my friends, and while looking at
this harbor I saw a steamboat approaching the harbor. There were
bridges on the pier for persons to cross, and there came up a wind and
drove the steamboat under one of the bridges and upset it.
I ran up to the boat, expecting the persons would all drown; and
wishing to do something to assist them, I put my hand against the side
of the boat, and with one surge I shoved it under the bridge and righted
it up, and then told them to take care of themselves. But it was. not
long before I saw them starting out into the channel or main body of
the water again.
The storms were raging and the waters rough. I said to my friends
that if they did not understand the signs of the times and the spirit of
prophecy, they would be apt to be lost.
It was but a few moments after when we saw the waves break over
the boat, and she soon foundered and went down with all on board.
The storm and waters were still very rough; yet I told my friends
around me that I believed I could stem those waves and that storm, and
swim in the waters better than the steamboat did; at any rate I was
determined to try it. But my friends laugh?d at me, and told me I
could not stand at all, but would be drowned.
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 195
The waters looked clear and beautiful, though exceedingly rough;
and I said I believed I could swim, and I would try it anyhow. They
said I would drown. I said I would have a frolic in the water first, if I
did; and I drove off in the raging waves.
I had swam but a short distance when a towering wave overwhelmed
me for a time; but I soon found myself on the top of it, and soon I met
the second wave in the same way; and for a while I struggled hard to
live in the midst of the storm and waves, and soon found I gained up-
on every wave, and skimmed the torrent better; and I soon had power
to swim with my head out of water: so the waves did not break over
me at all, and I found that I had swam a great distance; and in looking
about, I saw my brother Samuel by my side.
I asked him how he liked it. He said, "First rate," and I thought so
too. I was soon enabled to swim with my head and shoulders out of
water, and I could swim as fast as any steamboat.
In a little time it became calm, and I could rush through the water,
and only go in to my loins, and soon I only went in to my knees, and
finally could tread on the top of the water, and went almost with
the speed of an arrow.
I said to Samuel, See how swift I can go! I thought it was great
sport and pleasure to travel with such speed, and I awoke.
Saturday 3.— Prayer-meeting in the assembly room.
The High Council met. Did but little business.
A rather favorable article appears in Niles' National
Register of this date, noticing the correspondence between
myself and John C. Calhoun, a copy of which is con-
tained in the political department of the same number.
It also notices the correspondence between myself and
James Arlington Bennett, publishing the same, with
some of our city ordinances. The editor also quotes the
following from the Haul- Eye: —
Mormon Improvements.
Atthough much complaint has been made about the Mormons, we
saw on our late trip evidences of improvement on our prairies which we
consider highly creditable to the Mormons who made them, without whom
we doubt whether they would have been made for many years to come.
All those who have traveled over the large prairie between Fort Mad-
ison Warsaw and Carthage, remember how dreary it was a few
196 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
years since. Now it is studded with houses and good farms. The
English, who understand hedging and ditching far better than our peo-
ple, have gone upon that prairie and have enclosed extensive fields in
this manner. Along the old Rock Island tract, which we traveled
seven years ago, and which was then a dreary waste, we saw a field en-
closed with a good sod fence, six miles long and one wide. We think
such enterprise is worthy to be mentioned. As long as the Mormons
are harmless, and do not interfere with the rights of our people we
think they should be treated well. We shall never convince them that
they are a deluded people, as far as their religious notions are concerned,
in any other way.
Sunday 4. — I attended prayer- meeting with the quor-
The 144,000 um m the assembly room, and made some
Selection Be- J ' '
gun. remarks respecting the hundred and forty-four
thousand mentioned by John the Revelator, showing that
the selection of persons to form that number had already
commenced.
President Brigham Young held a meeting at Brother
Chamberlain's, in the neighborhood north of the city;
and Elder Wilford Woodruff, at Thomas Kingston's, six
miles east of the city.
Monday 5. — The regular session of the Municipal
Court was opened in the Mayor's office. Present, George
W. Harris, George A. Smith, and N. K. Whitney.
_. A ,, ., Adjourned to the Nauvoo Mansion, on ac-
City Council. " m '
count of the severity of the weather. I pre-
sided as Chief Justice. The assessors of the different
wards in the city presented their tax-lists, which occupied
nearly all day. The court remitted the taxes of the wid-
ows and of the poor who were unable to pay.
In the afternoon, Elder William Weeks (whom I had
employed as architect of the Temple,) came in
Architecture * ** ±7/
of the Nauvoo f or instruction . I instructed him in relation
to the circular windows designed to light the
offices in the dead work of the arch between stories. He
said that round windows in the broad side of a building
were a violation of all the known rules of architecture, and
contended that they should be semicircular — that the
A.D. 1844J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 197
building was too low for round windows. I told him I
would have the circles, if he had to make the Temple ten
feet higher than it was originally calculated ; that one light
at the centre of each circular window would be sufficient
to light the whole room; that when the whole building was
thus illuminated, the effect would be remarkably grand.
1 'I wish you to carry out my designs. I have seen in vision
the splendid appearance of that building illuminated, and
will have it built according to the pattern shown me."
Called at my office in the evening, and revised my
•'Views of the Powers and Policy of the
Government of the United States." I was .bJTvS^
the first one who publicly proposed a national
bank on the principles set forth in that pamphlet.
Tuesday, 6. — Very cold day.
I spent the evening with my brother Hyrum, Sidney
Eigdon, and the Twelve Apostles and their wives, at Elder
John Taylor's; took supper, and had a very pleasant time.
Wednesday, 7. — An exceedingly cold day. in the
evening I met with my brother Hyrum and the Twelve
Apostles in my office, at their request, to devise means to
promote the interests of the General Government. I com-
pleted and signed my "Views of the Powers and Policy of
the Government of the United States, "which I here insert:
Views of the Powers and Policy oj the Government oj the United
States, — Joseph Smith.
Born in a land of liberty, and breathing an air uncorrupted with the
sirocco of barbarous climes, I ever feel a double anxiety for the happi-
ness of all men, both in time and in eternity.
My cogitations, like Daniel's, have for a long time troubled me, when
I viewed the condition of men throughout the world, and more especially
in this boasted realm, where the Declaration of Independence "holds
these thruths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that
they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;" but at the
same time some two or three millions of people are held as slaves for
life, because the spirit in them is covered with a darker skin than ours;
and hundreds of our own kindred for an infraction, or supposed in-
198 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. fA.D. 1844
fraction, of some over-wise statute, have to be incarcerated in dungeon
gloom, or penitentiaries, while the duellist, the debauchee, and the
defaulter for millions, and other criminals, take the uppermost rooms
at feasts, or, like the bird of passage, find a more congenial clime by
flight.
The wisdom which ought to characterize the freest, wisest, and most
noble nation of the nineteenth century, should, like the sun in his me-
ridian splendor, warm every object beneath its rays; and the main
efforts of her officers, who are nothing more nor less than the servants
of the people, ought to be directed to ameliorate the condition of all,
black or white, bond or free; for the best of books says, "God hath
made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of
the earth."
Our common country presents to all men the same advantages, the
facilities, the same prospects, the same honors, and the same rewards;
and without hypocrisy, the Constitution, when it says, "We, the people
of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish
justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense,
promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to our-
selves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for
thf United States of America," meant just what it said without reference
to color or condition, ad infinitum.
The aspirations and expectations of a virtuous people, environed with
so wise, so liberal, so deep, so broad, and so high a charter of equal
rights as appears in said Constitution, ought to be treated by those to
whom the administration of the laws is entrusted with as much sanctity
as the prayers of the Saints are treated in heaven, that love, confidence,
and union, like the sun, moon, and stars, should bear witness,
"For ever singing as they shine,
The hand that made us is divine!"
TJrntv is ppwpr : and when I reflect on the importance of it to the
stability of all governments, I am astounded at the silly moves of per-
sons and parties to foment discord in order to ride into power on the
current of popular excitement; nor am I less surprised at the stretches
of power or restrictions of right which too often appear as acts of legis-
lators to pave the way to some favorite political scheme as destitute of
intrinsic merit as a wolf's heart is of the milk of human kindness. A
Frenchman would say, "Presque tout aihier richesses etpouvoir." (Almost
all men like wealth and power.)
I must dwell on this subject longer than others; for nearly one
hundred years ago that golden patriot, Benjamin Franklin, drei? up a
plan of union for the then colonies of Great Britain, that now are such
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 199
an independent nation, which, among many wise provisions for obedient
children under their father's more rugged hand, had this: — "They have
power to make laws, and lay and levy such general duties, imports, or
taxes as to them shall appear most equal and just, (considering the
ability and other circumstances of the inhabitants in the several colo-
nies,) and such as may be collected with the least inconvenience to the
people, rather discouraging luxury than loading industry with unneces-
sary burthens." Great Britain surely lacked the laudable humanity
and fostering clemency to grant such a just plan of union; but the
sentiment remains, like the land that honored its birth, as a pattern for
wise men to study the convenience of the people more than the comjort of
the cabinet.
And one of the most noble fathers of our freedom and country's
glory, great in war, great in peace, great in the estimation of the world,
and great in the hearts of his countrymen, (the illustrious Washington.)
said in his first inaugural address to Congress — "I behold the surest
pledges that as, on one side, no local prejudices or attachments, no se-
parate views or party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive and
equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of commu-
nities and interests, so, on another, that the foundations of our national
policy will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private mo-
rality, and the pre-eminence of free government be exemplified by all
the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command
the respect of the world.''
Verily, here shine the virtue and wisdom of a statesman in such lucid
rays, that had every succeeding Congress followed the rich instruction
in all their deliberations and enactments, for the benefit and conveni-
ence of the whole community and the communities of which it is com-
posed, no sound of a rebellion in South Carolina, no rupture in Rhode
Island, no mob in Missouri expelling her citizens by Executive authority,
corruption in the ballot-boxes, a border warfare between Ohio and
Michigan, hard times and distress, outbreak upon outbreak in the prin-
cipal cities, murder, robbery, and defalcation, scarcity of money, and
a thousand other difficulties, would have torn asunder the bonds of the
Union, destroyed the confidence of man with man, and left the great
body of the people to mourn over misfortunes in poverty brought on by
cpnupt legislation in an hour of proud vanity for self-aggrandizement.
/ The great Washington, soon alter the foregoing faithful admonition
( for the common welfare of his nation, further advised Congress that
"among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention,
that of providing for the common defense will merit particular regard.
To be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving
peace."/ As the Italian would say — "Buono aviso."
200 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
The elder Adams, in his inaugural address, gives national pride such
a grand turn of justification, that every honest citizen must look back
upon the infancy of the United States with an approving smile, and
rejoice that patriotism in their rulers, virtue in the people, and pros-
perity in the Union once crowded the expectations of hope, unveiled the
sophistry of the hypocrite, and silenced the folly of foes. Mr. Adams
said, "If national pride is ever justifiable or excusable, it is when it
springs not from power or riches, grandeur or glory, but from conviction
of national innocence, information, and benevolence."
There is no doubt such was actually the case with our young realm at
the close of the last century. Peace, prosperity, and union filled the
country with religious toleration, temporal enjoyment, and virtuous
enterprise; and grandly, too, when the deadly winter of the"StampAct,''
the "Tea Act," and other close communion acts of Royalty had choked
the growth of freedom of speech, liberty of the press, and liberty of
conscience— did light, liberty, and loyalty flourish like the cedars
of God.
The respected and venerable Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural
address, made more than forty years ago, shows what a beautiful pros-
pect an innocent, virtuous nation presents to the sage's eye, where there
is space for enterprise, hands for industry, heads for heroes, and hearts
for moral greatness. He said, "A rising nation spread over a wide and
fruitful land, traversing all the seas with the rich productions of their
industry, engaged in commerce with nations who feel power and forget
right, advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of mortal eye,—
when I contemplate these transcendent objects, and see the honor, the
happiness, and the hopes of this beloved country committed to the issue
and the auspices of this day, I shrink from the contemplation, and
humble myself before the magnitude of the undertaking."
Such a prospect was truly soul-stirring to a good man. But "since
the fathers have fallen asleep," wicked and designing men have
unrobed the Government of its glory; and the people, if not in dust and
ashes, or in sackcloth, have to lament in poverty her departed great-
ness, while demagogues build fires in the north and south, east and
west, to keep up their spirits till it is better times. But year after year
has left the people to hope, till the very name of Congress or State Legis-
lature is as horrible to the sensitive friend of his country as the house of
"Bluebard" is to children, or "Crockford's" Hell of London to
meek men.*
■0 c \ When the people are secure and their rights properly respected, then
the four main pillars of prosperity— viz., agriculture, manufactures,
* Reference is had to Crockford's famous gaming club house at No. 50 on the
west side of St. James St., London.
A.D. 1844J HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 201
navigation, and commerce, need the fostering care of Government; and
in so goodly a country as ours, where the soil, the climate, the rivers,
the lakes, and the sea coast, the productions, the timber, the minerals,
and the inhabitants are so diversified, that a pleasing variety accommo-
dates all tastes, trades, and calculations, it certainly is the highest point
of supervision to protect the whole northern and southern, eastern and
western, centre and circumference of the realm, by a judicious tariff.
It is an old saying and a true one, "If you wis h to be resnected, respect
yourselves.''
y/* I will adopt in part the language of Mr. Madison's inaugural address,
— "To cherish peace and friendly intercourse with all nations, having
correspondent dispositions; to maintain sincere neutrality towards bel-
ligerent nations; to prefer in all cases amicable discussioa and reason-
able accommodation of differences to a decision of them by an appeal
to arms; to exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities, so de-
grading to all countries, and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of
independence too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to sur-
render our own, too liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves,
and too elevated not to look down upon them in others; to hold the
union of the States as the basis of their peace and happiness; to support
the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limi-
tations as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved
to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essen-
tial to the success of the general system ; to avoid the slightest inter-
ference with the rights of conscience or the functions of religion, so
wisely exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve in their full energy
the other salutary provisions in behalf of private and personal rights,
and of the freedom of the press, — so far as intention aids in the fulfill-
ment of duty, are consummations too big with benefits not to captivate
the energies of all honest men to achieve them, when they can be
brought to pass by reciprocation, friendly alliances, wise legislation,
find honorable treaties.'' /
The Government has once flourished under the guidance of trusty ser-
vants; and the Hon. Mr. Monroe, in his day, while speaking of the
Constitution, says, "Our commerce has been wisely regulated with
foreign nations and between the States. New States have been admit-
ted into our Union. Our Territory has been enlarged by fair and hon-
orable treaty, and with great advantage to the original States; the
States respectively protected by the national Government, under a mild
paternal system against foreign dangers, and enjoying within their se-
parate spheres, by a wise partition of power, a just proportion of the
sovereignty, have improved their police, extended their settlements,
and attained a strength and maturity which are the best proofs of
202 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844,
wholesome laws well administered. And if we look to the condition of
individuals, what a proud spectacle does it exhibit! Oa whom has op-
pression fallen in any quarter of our Union? Who has been deprived of
any right of pei'son or property? — who restrained from offering his
vows in the mode which he prefers to the Divine Author of his being?
It is well known that all these blessings have been enjoyed in their full-
est extent; and I add, with peculiar satisfaction, that there has been
no example of a capital punishment being inflicted on any one for the
crime of high treason.'' What a delightful picture of power, policy,
and prosperity! Truly the wise man's proverb is just — Righteousness
exalteth a nation, but sin is a reproach to any people.
But this is not all. The same honorable statesman, after having had
about forty vears' experience in the Government, under the full tide of
successful experiment, gives the following commendatory assurance of
the efficiency of tne Magna Charta to answer its great end and aim —
to protect the peojdein their rights. "Such, then, is the happy Govern-
ment under which we live; a Government adequate to every purpose
for which tae social compact is formed; a Government elective in all its
branches, under which every citizen may by his merit obtain the highest
trust recognized by the Constitution, which contains within it no cause
of discord, none to put at variance one portion of the commuuity with
another; a Government which protects every citizen in the full enjoy-
ment of his rights, and is able to protect the nation against injustice
from foreign powers."
Again, the younger Adams, in the silver age of our country's ad-
vancement to fame, in his inaugural address ( 1825). thus candidly de-
clares the majesty of the youthful republic in its increasing greatness:
— "The year of jubilee, since the first formation of our union, has jusfe
elapsed: that of the Declaration of Independence is at hand. The con-
summation of both was effected by this Constitution. Since that period,
a population of four millions has multiplied to twelve. A Territory,
bounded by the Mississippi, has been extended from sea to sea. New
States have been admitted to the Union, in numbers nearly equal to-
those of the first confederation. Treaties of peace, amity, and com-
merce have been concluded with the principal dominions of the earth.
The people of other nations, the inhabitants of regions acquired, not by
conquest, but by compact, have been united with us in the participa-
tion of our rights and duties, of our burdens and blessings. The forest
has fallen by the ax of our woodsman. The soil has been made to teem
by the tillage of oui farmers. Our commerce has whitened every ocean.
The dominion of man over physical nature has been extended by the
invention of our artists. Liberty and law have marched hand in hand.
All the purposes of human association have been accomplished as effec-
A.D.1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 203
tivek as under any other Government on the globe, and at a cost little
exceeding, in a whole generation, the expenditures of other nations in
a single year."
In continuation of such noble sentiments, General Jackson, upon his
ascension to the great chair of the chief magistracy, said, "As long as
our Government is administered for the good of the people, and is reg-
ulat'ed by their will, as long as it secures to us the rights of person and
property, liberty of conscience, and of the press, it will be worth de-
fending; and so long as it is worth defending, a patriotic militia will
cr«verit with an impenetrable cegis."
GeneralJackson's administration may be denominated the acme of
American glory, liberty, and prosperity; for the national debt, which
i,a 1815, on account of the late war, was $125,000,000, and being les
■sened gradually, was paid up in his golden day, and preparations were
made to destribute the surplus revenue among the several States; and
that august patriot, to use his own words in his farewell address, retired,
leaving "a great people prosperous and happy, in the full enjoyment of
liberty and peace, honored and respected by every nation of the
world."
4 /At the age, then, of sixty years, our blooming Republic began to de-
/cline under the withering touch of Martin Van Buren! Disappointed
ambition, thirst for power, pride, corruption, party spirit, faction, pa-
tronage, perquisites, fame, tangling alliances, priestcraft, and spiritual
wickedness in high places, struck hands and revelled in midnight
splendor.
Trouble, vexation, perplexity, and contention, mingled with hope,
fear, and murmuring, rumbled through the Union and agitated the
whole nation, as would an earthquake at the centre of the earth, the
world heaving the sea bevond its bounds and shaking the everlasting
hills; so, in hopes of better times, while jealousy, hypocritical preten-
sions, and pompous ambition were luxuriating on the ill- gotten spoils of
the people, they rose in their majesty like a tornado, and swept through
the land/till General Harrison appeared as a star among the storm-
clouds for better weather. /
The calm came, and the language of that venerable patriot, in his
inaugural address, while descanting upon the merits of the Constitution
and its framers, thus expressed himself:— "There were in it features
which appeared not to be in harmony with their ideas of a simple re-
presentative Democracy or Republic. And knowing the tendency of
power to increase itself, particularly when executed by a single indi-
vidual, predictions were made that, at no verv remote period, the Gov-
ernment would terminate in virtual monarchy.
"It would not become me to say that the fears of these patriots have
204 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
been already realized. But as I sincerely believe that the tendenc; of
measures and of men's opinions for some years past has been jn that
direction, it is, I conceive, strictly proper that I should take tai~, oc-
casion to repeat the assurances I have heretofore given of my de-
termination to arrest the progress of that tendency, if it really exjsts,
and restore the Government to its pristine health and vigor."
This good man died before he had the opportunity of applying < )Ue
balm to ease the pain of our groaning country, and I am willing ihe
nation should be the judge, whether General Harrison, in his exalted
station, upon the eve of his entrance into the world of spirits, tend
the truth, or not, with acting President Tyler's three years of p r-
plexity, and pseudo-Whig-Democrat reign to heal the breaches > >r
show the wounds, secundum artem.
Subsequent events, all things considered, Van Buren's downfall,
Harrison's exit, and Tyler's self-sufficient turn to the whole, go to
show* — * * * * certainly there is a God in heaven to reveal
secrets.
No honest man can doubt for a moment but the glory of American
liberty is on the wane, and that calamity and confusion will sooner
or later destroy the peace of the people. Speculators will urge a na-
tional bank as a savior of credit and comfort. A hireling pseudo-
priesthood will plausibly push abolition doctrines and doings and
"human rights'' into Congress, and into every other place where con-
quest smells of fame, or opposition swells to popularity. Democracy,
Whiggery, and cliquery will attract their elements and foment divi-
sions among the people, to accomplish fancied schemes and accu-
mulate power, while poverty, driven to despair, like hunger forcing its
way through a wall, will break through the statutes of men to save life,
and mead the breach in prison glooms.
A still higher grade of what the "nobility of nations" call "great
men'' will dally with all rights, in order to smuggle a fortune at "one
fell swoop,'' mortgage Texas, possess Oregon, and claim a lj _ the un-
jettl£d-region_s_o£-tJ ie world for hunting and _tiappingj. and should an
humble, honest man, red, black, or white, exhibit a better titlft^ these
gentry have only to clothe the judge with richer ermine, and spangle
the lawyer's finger with finer rings, to have the judgment of his peers
and the honor of his lords as a pattern of honesty, virtue, and humanity,
while the motto hangs on his nation's escutcheon — "'Every man has
his price! ^
Now, people! people! turn unto the Lord and live, and reform this
nation. Frustrate the designs of wicked men. Reduce Congress at
* For Explanation of Elipses see footnote p. 75 this volume.
A..D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 205
least two-thirds. Two Senators from a State and two members to a
million of papulation will do more business than the army that now
occupy the halls of the national Legislature. Pay them two dollars
and their board per diem (except Sundays.) That is more than the
farmer gets, and he lives honestly. Curtail the officers of Government
in pay, number, and power; for the Philistine lords .have shorn our
nation of its goodly locks in the lap of Delilah. /
Petition your State Legislatures to pardon every convict in their
several penitentiaries, blessing them as they go, and saying to them,
in the name of the Lord, Go thy way, and sin no more.
Advise your legislators, when they make laws for larceny, burglary,
or any felony, to make the penalty applicable to work upon roads, pub-
lic works, or any place where the culprit can be taught more wisdom and
more virtue, and become more enlightened. Rigor and seclusion will
never do as much to reform the propensities of men as reason and
friendship. Murder only can claim confinement or death. Let the pe-
nitentiaries be turned into seminaries of learning, where intelligence,
like the angels of heaven, would banish such fragments of barbarism.
Imprisonment for debt is a meaner practice than the savage tolerates,
/vvith all his ferocity. "Amor vincit omnia." 1 " 1
fT Petition, also, ye goodly inhabitants of the slave States, your legis-
lators to abolish slavery by the year 1850, or now, and save the aboii
tionist from reproach and ruin, infamy and shame.
Pray Congress to pav every man a reasonable price for his slaves out
of the surplus revenue arising from the sale of public lands, and from
the deduction of pay from the members of Congress.
Break off the shackles from the poor black man, and hire him to labor
like other human beings; for "an hour of virtuous liberty on earth is
worth a whole etermity of bondage." Abolish the practice in the army
and navy of trying men by coui't-martial for desertion. If a soldier or
marine runs away, send him his wages, with this instruction, that his
^ country will never trust him again; he has forfeited his honor.
* Make honor the standard with all men. Be sure that good is rendered
for evil in all cases; and the whole nation, like a kingdom of kings and
priests, will rise up in righteousness, and be respected as wise and
worthy on earth, and as just and holy for heaven, by Jehovah, the
Author of perfection. /
More economy in tme national and state governments would make
less taxes among the people; more equality through the cities, towns,
and country, would make less distinction among the people; aud more
honesty and familiarity in societies would make less hypocrisy and
flattery in all branches of the community; and open, frank, candid de-
corum to all men, in this boasted land of liberty, would beget esteem,
a
206 HISTORY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D.1844
confidence, union, and love; and the neighbor from any state or from
any country, of whatever color, clime or tongue, could rejoice when he
put his foot on the sacred soil of freedom, and exclaim, The very name
of "American' 1 '' is fraught with " friendship*. " Oh, then, create confi-
dence, restore freedom, break down slavery, banish imprisonment for
debt, and be in love, fellowship and peace with all the world! Remem-
ber that honesty is not subject to law. The law was made for trans-
gressors. Wherefore a * * * * good name is better than riches.
f* For the accommodation of the people in every state and territory,
let Congress show their wisdom by granting a national bank, with
branches in each State and Territory, where the capital stock shall be
held by the nation for the Central bank, and by the states and territor-
ies for the branches; and whose officers and directors shall be elected
yearly by the paople, with wages at the rate of two dollars per day for
services; which several banks shall never issue any more bills than the
jamount of capital stock in her vaults and the interest.
The net gain of the Central bank shall be applied to the national rev-
enue, and that of the branches to the states and territories' revenues.
And the bills shall be par throughout the nation, which will mercifully
cure that fatal disorder known in cities as brokerage, and leave the peo-
ple's money in their own pockets.
Give every man his constitutional freedom and the president full
power to send an army to suppress mobs, and the States authority to
repeal and impugn that relic of folly which makes it necessary for the
governor of a state to make the demand of the President for troops, in
I case of invasion or rebellion.
The governor himself may be a mobber; and instead of being pun-
ished, as he should be, for murder or treason, he may destroy the very
lives, rights, and property he' should protect. Like the good Samari-
tan, send every lawyer as soon as he repents and obeys the ordinances
of heaven, to preach the Gospel to the destitute, without purse or scrip,
pouring in the oil and the wine. A learned Priesthood is certainly
more honorable than "cm hireling clergy :' ''
r- As to the contiguous territories to the United States, wisdom would
direct no tangling alliance. Oregon belongs to this government hon-
orably; and when we have the red man's consent, let the Union spread
from the east to the west sea; and if Texas petitions Congress to be
adopted among the sons of liberty, give her the right hand of fellow-
ship, and refuse not the same friendly grip to Canada and Mexico/And
when the right arm of freemen is stretched out in the character of a
navy for the protection of rights, commerce, and honor, let the iron
eyes of power watch from Maine to Mexico, and from California to Col-
umbia. Thus may union be strengthened, and foreiga speculation
prevented from opposing broadside to broadside.
)
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 207
Seventy years have done much fur this goodly land. They have
burst the chains of oppression and monarchy, and multiplied its inhab-
itants from two to twenty millions, with a proportionate share of knowl-
edge keen enough to circumnavigate the globe, draw the lightning
from the clouds, and cope with all the crowned heads of the world.
Then why — oh, why will a once flourishing people not arise, phoenix-
like over the cinders of Martin Van Buien's power, and over the sink-
ing fragments and smoking ruins of other catamount politicians, and
•over the windfalls of Benton, Calhoun, Clay, Wright, and a caravan of
other equally unfortunate law doctors, and cheerfully help to spread a
plaster and bind up the burnt, bleeding ivounds, of a sore but blessed
■country? %
f* The Southern people are hospitable and noble. They will help to rid
so free a country of every vestige of slavery, whenever they are as-
sured of an equivalent for their property. The country will be full of \
money and confidence when a National Bank of twenty millions, and a
State Bank in every state, with a million or more, gives a tone to mon- .
etary matters, and make a circulating medium as valuable in the purses
of a whole community as in the coffers of a speculating banker or
broker.
The people may have faults, but they should never be trifled with. I
think Mr. Pitt's quotation in the British Parliament of Mr. Prior's
couplet for the husband and wife, to apply to the course which the
King and ministry of Eugland should pursue to the then colonies of the
now United States, might be a genuine rule of action for some of the
breath-made men in high places to use towards the posterity of this
noble, daring people: —
"Be to her faults a little blind;
Be to her virtues very kind."
We have had Democratic Presidents, Whig Presidents, a pseudo-
Democratic- Whig President, and now it is time to have a President of
the United States; and let the people of the whole Union, like the inflex-
ible Romans, whenever they find a promise made by a candidate that is
not practiced as an officer, hurl the miserable sycophant from his exalta-
tion, as God did Nebuchadnezzar, to crop the grass of the field with a
. beast's heart among the cattle.
Mr. Van Buren said, in his inaugural address, that he went in the
Presidential chair the inflexible and uncompromising opponent of every
•attempt, on the part of Congress, to abolish slavery in the District of
Columbia, against the wishes of the slave-holdiug States, and also with
a determination equally decided to resist the slightest interference with
it in the States where it exists.
Poor little Matty made this rhapsodical sweep with the fact
before his eyes, thac the State of New York, his native State, had abol-
208 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
ished slavery without a struggle or a groan. Great God, how indepen-
dent! Fi'om henceforth slavery is tolerated where it exists, constitu-
tion or no constitution, people or no people, right or wrong: Vox Mattif
Vox Diaboli! And perad venture, his great '"sub-treasury" scheme
was apiece of the same mind. But the man and his measures have such
a striking resemblance to the anecdote of the Welshman and his cart-
tongue, that when the Constitution was so long that it allowed slavery at
the capitol of a free people, it could not be cut off; but when it was so
short that it needed a sub-treasury to save the funds of the nation, it
could be spliced! Oh, granny, granny, what a long tail our puss has
got.* But his mighty whisk through the great national
fire, for the presidential chestnuts, burnt the locks of his glory with the
blaze of his Jolly!
In the United States the people are the government, and their united
voice is the only sovereign that should rule, the onlv power that should
be obeyed, and the only gentlemen that should be honored at home and
abroad, on the land and on the sea. Wherefore, were I the president
of the United States, by the voice of a virtuous people, I would honor
the old paths of the venerated fathers of freedom ; I would walk in the
tracks of the illustrious patriots who carried the ark of the Govern-
ment upon their shoulders with an eye single to the glory of the people,,
and when that people petitioned to abolish slavery in the slave states,
I would use all honorable means to have their prayers granted, and,
give liberty to the captive by paying the Southern gentlemen a reason-
able equivalent for his property, that the whole nation might be free
indeed!
f~ When the people petitioned for a National Bank, I would use my best
endeavors to have their prayers answered, and establish one on na-
tional principles to save taxes, and make them the controllers of its-
ways and means. And when the people petitioned to possess the terri-
tory of Oregon, or any other contiguous territory, I would lend the in-
fluence of a Chief Magistrate to grant so reasonable a request, that
they might extend the mighty efforts and enterprise of a free people
from the east to the west sea, and make the wilderness blossom as the
rose. And when a neighboring realm petitioned to join the union of'
liberty's sons, my voice would he, Come — yea, come, Texas; come Mexico,
come Canada; and come, all the world: let us be brethren, let us be one
great family, and let there be a universal peace. Abolish the cruel
custom of prisons (except certain cases), penitentiaries, court-martials
for desertion; and let reason and friendship reign over the ruins of ig-
norance and barbarity; yea, I would, as the universal friend of man, open
the prisons, open the eyes, open the ears, and open the hearts of all
* For explanation of Elipses see footnote p. 75 this volume.
A D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 209
people, to behold and enjoy freedom — unadulterated'freedom; and God
who once cleansed the violence of the earth with a flood, whose Son
laid down His life for the salvation of all His Father gave him out of the
world, and who has promised that He will come and purify the world
again with fire in the last days, should be supplicated by me for the
good of all people. With the highest esteem, I am a friend of virtue
and of the people,
Joseph Smith,
Nauvoo, Illinois, February 7, 1844.
14 VOL. VI
210 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. IA.D. 184-t
CHAPTER IX.
COMMENTS ON CANDIDACY OF JOSEPH SMITH FOE PRESIDENT
OF THE UNITED STATES — TENDERS OF PEACE TO MISSOURI
— PRELIMINARY STEPS TO WESTERN MOVEMENT OF THE
CHURCH — JAMES A. BENNETT AND VICE PRESIDENCY.
Wednesday, February 7, 1844. — A piece of doggerel
appears in the Warsaw Message of this date, entitled
"Buckeye's Lamentations for the Want of More Wives,"
evidently the production of Wilson Law, and breathing a
very foul and malicious spirit.
Thursday, 8. — Held Mayor's court, and tried two ne-
groes for attempting to marry white women: fined one $25,
and the other $5. In the evening there was a political
meeting in the assembly room, when Brother Phelps
publicly read for the first time my "Views of the Powers
and Policy of the General Government." addressed the
meeting as follows : —
Views of the Prophet on His Candidacy for President of United States.
I would not have suffered my name to have been used by my
friends on anywise as President of the United States, or candidate for
that office, if I and my friends could have had the privilege of enjoying
our religious and civil rights as American citizens, even those rights
which the Constitution guarantees unto all her citizens alike. But this
as a people we have been denied from the beginning. Persecution has
rolled upon our heads from time to time, from portions of the United
States, like peals of thunder, because of our religion; and no portion of
the Government as yet has stepped forward for our relief. And in
view of these things, I feel it to be my right and privilege to obtain
what influence and power I can, lawfully, in the United States, for the
\.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 211
protection of injured innocence; and if I lose my life in a
good cause I am willing to be sacrificed on the altar of
virtue, righteousness and truth, in maintaining the laws and
Constitution of the United States, if need be, for the general good of
mankind. «v
I was followed by Elders Hyde and Taylor, and a unan-
imous vote was taken to maintain my political views,
Friday, 9. — Held Mayor's court in my dining-room on
the case, "Nauvoo versus William Withers," for assault.
Case withdrawn on my recommendation.
This evening a public meeting was held. I extract from
the Neighbor: —
PUBLIC MEETING.
On Friday, the 9th instant, a public meeting was held in the assem-
bly room, at which a public address of General Joseph Smith's to the
citizens of the United States was read by Judge Phelps. The address
is certainly an able document, big with meaning and interest, clearly
pointing out the way for the temporal salvation of this Union, showing
what would be our best policy, pointing out the rocks and quick-sand
where the political bark is in danger of being wrecked, and the way to
escape it, and evincing a knowledge and foresight of our political econ-
omy worthy of the writer.
Appropriate remarks were made by several gentlemen after the
reading of the address.
Saturday, 10. — I instructed the marshal to inform Mr.
Cole, who kept a select school in the assembly room,
that I must for the future have that room for my own
use.
Prayer- meeting in the assembly room. Prayed for Sis-
ter Eichards and others, who were sick.
A conference was held at Tuscaloosa county, Alabama :
Elder John Brown, president; and George W. Stewart,
clerk. Three branches were represented, containing nine
elders, two priests, three teachers, three deacons, and
123 members.
Sunday, 11. — Snow on the ground. Thaw commenced
in the afternoon. I was at home.
212 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
Monday, 12. — I sat in the city council, and recom-
mended the repeal of the ordinances entitled "An extra
ordinance for the extra case of Joseph Smith," "An or-
dinance to prevent unlawful search or seizure of persons
or property, by foreign* process, in the city of Nauvoo,"
and "An ordinance regulatiDg the currency;" and they
were repealed accordingly. The Memorial to Congress,
passed December 21, 1843, was again read, and signed by
the councilors, aldermen, mayor, recorder, and marshal.
I instructed Councilor Orson Pratt to call all the Illinois
representatives together, and tell them our sufferings
have been such that we must have that document passed,
and we^tvill have it.
"You must go in for it. Go to John Quincy Adams
and ask him to call the delegates from Massachusetts sep-
arate from the Illinois delegation, and demand the same.
Go to Henry Clay and other prominent men. Call public
meetings in the city of Washington. Take the saloon,
publish the admittance so much per ticket, invite the
members of both houses to come and hear you, and roar
upon them. You may take all my writings you think
anything of and read to them, &c, and you shall pros-
per, in the name of God. Amen."
The recorder presented the report of the attendance of
the city council, from which it appears that I have sat
with them eleven sessions, from the 14th of October, 1843,
to the 16th of January, 1844, inclusive.
Councilor Orson Pratt nominated George P. Stiles as
councilor during his absence, which was confirmed by the
-jouncil.
I burned $81 of city scrip according to ordinance.
Thawing. Streets very dirty.
Tuesday, 13. — 1 was at home. Settled with Theodore
Turley, and gave him the deed of a lot.
Having received an invitation from Brother Joseph L.
Heywood to visit Quincy, I wrote him in reply: —
*That is, process outside of the city government.
A.D. 18441 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 213
Letter: — Joseph Smith to Joseph L. Heywood — Anent a visit to
Quincy.
Nauvoo, February 13, 1844.
Dear Brother Heywood, — I sit down at this time to acknowledge
the receipt of, and reciprocate the friendly feelings manifest in yours of
the 7th instant; and, although surrounded by a press of business, shall
take pleasure in spending a few moments to reply.
I would take the greatest pleasure imaginable in coming down to
Quincy on a visit to see you and all my friends in your city, would bus-
iness and circumstances permit; but it would be a matter of impossi-
bility almost for me to leave home at the present time, in consequence
of a multitude of business which I have daily to attend to. Moreover,
wisdom and prudence seem to forbid my coming, on account of the bit-
ter feeling which manifests itself in various places between this and
Quincy, — not that I have any apprehensions for my personal safety;
for the same kind hand which hath hitherto been my shield and sup-
port would save me from the power of my wicked persecutors ; but
something might grow out of it which would prompt my adversaries to
get out another illegal writ, and would eventually, probably, cost me
some three or four thousand dollars, as in other cases, and under
which I have still to labor to disadvantage. Under these considera-
tions, therefore, I am compelled to decline paying you a (visit for the
present. At the same time, in connection with Mrs. Smith, I tender
my warmest acknowledgement for the invitation.
I am pleased to hear of the prosperity of your branch, and hope it
will continue; for, although I never feel to force my doctrine'upon any
person, I rejoice to see prejudice give way to truth, and the traditions
of men dispersed by the pure principles of the Gospel of Jesus
Christ.
I should be pleased to have the privilege of forming an acquaintance
with your partner, Mr. Kimball, and his lady; and should they ever
come up this way, I hope they will call and see me.
As respects things in Nauvoo, I have nothing to say but good. Al-
though the mobocrats of this county breathe out their shame with a
continual foam, and threaten extermination, &c..the citizens of Nauvoo
are at peace; they fear no danger, for the report of mobs has become
so common, that the "Mormons" pay no attention to itjwhatever. Each
man minds his own business, and all are making improvements as fast
as they can. In fact, things in general seem prosperous and pleasing;
and I never saw a better feeling amongst the Saints than at the pres-
ent time.
My family have been somewhat sick of late, and continue so, espec-
ially my youngest boy.
214 HISTORY 01 THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Accept, dear sir, the warmest respects of myself and Mrs. Smith, and
please present the same to your lady. In the meantime I remain your
friend and brother,
Joseph Smith.
President Brigham Young returned from Bear creek
settlements, where he had been preaching for the last few
days.
Wednesday, 14. — At home through the day. In the
evening the assembly room was filled by the brethren,
when my "Views of the Powers and Policy of the Gov-
ernment of the United States" was again read. I after-
wards spoke on the same subject at a considerable
length.
Thursday, 15. — At home. A beautiful day.
I insert the following article from the Times and Seas-
ons: —
WHO SHALL BE OUR NEXT PRESIDENT?
This is an inquiry which to us as a people is a matter of the most
paramount importance, and requires our most serious, calm, and dis-
passionate reflection, f Executive power, when correctly wielded, is a
great blessing to the^people of this great commonwealth, and forms one
of the firmest pillars of our confederation. , It watches the interests of
the whole community with a fatherly care; it wisely balances the other
legislative powers when over-heated by party spirit or sectional feel-
ing; it watches with jealous care our interests and commerce with for-
eign nations, and^gives tone and efficacy to legislative enactments.
The President stands at the head of these United States, and is the
mouth-piece of this vast republic. If he be a man of an enlightened
mind and ^ capacious"soul, — if he be a virtuous man, a statesman, a
patriot, and'la man of unflinching integrity, — if he possess the same
spirit that fired the souls of our venerable sires, who founded this great
commonwealth, and wishes to promote the good of the whole republic,
he may indeed.be made a blessing to the community.
But if he prostrates his high and honorable calling to base and un-
worthy purposes, — if he make use of the power which the people have
placed in his] hands for their interests to gratify his ambition, for the
purpose of self-aggrandizement or pecuniary interest, — if he meanly
pander with demagogues, loses sight of the interest of the nation, and
A.D. 1844] HISTORY 01' THE CHURCH. 215
sacrifice the Union on the altar of sectional interests or party views, he
renders himself unworthy of the dignified trust reposed in him, debases
the nation in the eyes of the civilized world, and produces misery and
confusion at home. "When the wicked rule, the people mourn."
There is perhaps no body of people in the United States who are at
the present time more interested about the issue of the presidential con-
test than are the Latter-day Saints. And our situation in regard to the
two great political parties is a most novel one. It is a fact well under-
stood that we have suffered great injustice from the State of Missouri,
that we have petitioned to the authorities of that state for redress in
vain, that we have also memorialized Congress under the late adminis-
tration, and have obtained the heartless reply that "Congress has no
power to redress your grievances."
After having taken all the legal and constitutional steps that we can,
we are still groaning under accumulated wrongs. Is there no power
anywhere to redress our grievances'? Missouri lacks the disposition
and Congress lacks both the disposition and power (?); and thus fif-
teen thousand inhabitants of these United States can with impunity be
dispossessed of their property; have their houses burned, their prop-
erty confiscated, many of their numbers murdered, and the remainder
driven from their homes and left to wander as exiles in this boasted
land of freedom and equal rights; and after appealing: again and again
to the legally-constituted authorities of our land for redress, we are
coolly told by our highest tribunals, "We can do nothing for you."
We have paid hundreds of thousands of dollars into the coffers of
Congress for their lands, and they stand virtually pledged to defend us
in our rights, but they have not done it. If a man steals a dollar from
his neighbor, or steals a horse or a hog, he [the neighbor] can obtain re-
dress; but we have been robbed bv wholesale, the most daring murders
have been committed, and we are coolly told that we can obtain no re-
dress. If a steamboat is set on fire on our coast by foreigners, even
when she is engaged in aiding and abetting the enemies of that power,
it becomes a matter of national interference and legislation; or if a for-
eigner, as in the case of McLeod, is taken on our land and tried for
supposed crimes committed by him against our citizens, his nation in-
terferes, and it becomes a matter of negotiation and legislation. But
our authorities can calmly look on and see the citizens of a county
butchered with impunity: they can see two counties dispossessed of
their inhabitants, their houses burned, and their property confiscated;
and when the cries of fifteen thousand men women and children sal-
ute their ears, they deliberately tell us that we can obtain no
redress.
Hear it, therefore, ye mobbers! Proclaim it to all the scoundrels in
216 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.o. 1844
the Union! Let a standard be erected around which shall rally all the
renegadoes of the land: assemble yourselves and rob at pleasure; mur-
der till you are satiated with blood; drive men, women and children
from their homes: there is no law to protect them, and Congress has no
power to redress their grievances; and the great father of the Union
(the President) has not got an ear to listen to their complaints.
What shall we do under this state of things? In the event of either
of the prominent candidates, Van Buren or Clay, obtaining the presi-
dential chair, we should not be placed in any better situation.
In speaking of Mr. Clay, his politics are diametrically opposed to
ours. He inclines strongly to the old school of Federalists, and as a
matter of course would not favor our cause, neither could we conscien-
tiously vote for him. And we have yet stronger objections to Mr. Van
Buren on other grounds. He has sung the old song of Congress —
"Congress has no power to redi'ess your grievances."
But did the matter rest here, it would not be so bad. He was in the
presidential chair at the time of our former difficulties. We appealed
to him on that occasion, but we appealed in vain, and his sentiments are
yet unchanged.
But all these things are tolerable in comparison to what we have yet
to state. We have been informed from a respectable source that there
is an understanding between Mr. Benton, of Missouri, and Mr. Van
Buren, and a conditional compact entered into, that if Mr. Benton will
use his influence to get Mr. Van Buren elected, Van Buren when
elected, shall use his executive influence to wipe away the stain from
Missouri by a further persecution of the "Mormons,'' and wreaking out
vengeance on their heads, either by extermination or by some other
summary process. We could scarcely credit the statement; and we
hope yet, for the sake of humanity, that the suggestion is false: but we
have too good reason to believe that we are correctly informed.
If, then, this is the case, can we conscientiously vote for a man of
this description, and put the weapons into his hands to cut our throat
with? We cannot. And however much we might wish to sustain the
Democratic nomination, we cannot — we will not vote for Van Buren.
Our interests, our property, our lives, and the lives of our families are
too dear to us to be sacrificed at the shrine of party spirit and to gratify
party feelings. We have been sold once in the State of Missouri, and
our liberties bartered away by political demagogues, through executive
intrigue, and we wish not to be betrayed again by Benton and Van
Buren.
Under these circumstances, the question again arises, Whom shall
we support? General Joseph Smith — a man of sterling worth and
integritv and of enlarged views — a man who has raised himself from,
a.D. 1844. HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 217
the humblest walks in life to stand at the head of a large, intelligent,
respectable, and increasing society, that has spread not only in this
land, but in distant nations, — a man whose talents and genius are of an
exalted nature, and whose experience has rendered him in every way
adequate to the onerous duty. Honorable, fearless, and energetic, he
would administer juftice with an impartial hand, and magnify and dig-
nify the office of Chief Magistrate of this land; and we feel assured
that there is not a man in the United States more competent for the task.
r^One great reason that we have for pursuing our present course is,
that at every election we have been made a political target for the
filthy demagogues in the country to shoot their loathsome arrows at.
And every story has been put into requisition to blast our fame from
the old fabrication of "walk on the water" down to "the murder of ex-
Governor Boggs.'' The journals have teemed with this filthy trash,
and even men who ought to have more respect for themselves — men
contending for the gubernatorial chair have made use of terms so de-
grading, so mean, so humiliating, that a Billingsgate fisherwoman
would have considered herself disgraced with. We refuse any longer
to be thus bedaubed for either party. We tell all such to let their
filth flow inits own legitimate channel, for we are sick of the loath-
some smellr
Gentlemen, we are not going either to "murder ex-Governor Boggs,
nor a Mormon in this state for not giving us his money," nor are we
going to "walk on the water," "nor drown a woman," nor "defraud
the poor of their property,'' nor send "destroying angels after General
Bennett to kill him," nor "marry spiritual wives," nor commit any
other outrageous act this election to help any party with. You must
get some other persons to perform these kind offices for you for the fu-
ture. We withdraw.
Under existing circumstances, we have no other alternative; and if
we can accomplish our object, well: if not, we shall have the satisfac-
tion of knowing that we have acted conscientiously, and have used our
best judgment. And if we have to throw away our votes, we had bet-
ter do so upon a worthy rather than upon an unworthy individual, who
might make use of the weapon we put in his hand to destroy us with.
Whatever may be the opinions of men in general in regard to Mr.
Smith, we know that he needs only to be known to be admired; and
that it is the principles of honor, integrity, patriotism, and philan-
thropy that have elevated him in the minds of his friends; and the
same principles, if seen and known, would beget the esteem and confi-
dence of all the patriotic and virtuous throughout the Union.
Whatever, therefore, be the opinions of other men, our course is
marked out, and our motto henceforth will be — General Joseph Smith.
218 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Friday, 16. — At home. This evening I spent two
hours in the office. Settled with Brother Whitney; gave
him deed of several town lots, and took his receipt in full.
Saturday, 17. — I wrote the following article : —
PACIFIC INUENDO.
The very candid, pacifie, and highly creditable advice which Gov-
ernor Ford has done himself the honor to address to "the citizens of
Hancock county, Mormons and all," and which appears in the Warsaw
Signal of the 14th instant, is like the balm of Gilead, well calculated
to ease the pain which has troubled the heads and hearts of the Cartha-
genians, Warsawvians, and other over-jealous bodies for weal and woe.
It certainly must be admitted, on all hands, that Governor Ford has
exalted himself as a mediator, patriot, lawyer, governor, peacemaker,
and friend of all, not only to magnify the law and make it honorable,
but also in pointing out the part of peace.
Such is what the Latter-day Saints have ever sought at the hands of
those in authority; and with an approving conscience clear as the crys-
tal spring, and with a laudable intention warm as the summer zephyr,
and with a charitable prayer mellow as the morning dew, it is now our
highest consolation to hope that all difficulties will cease, and give way
to reason, sense, peace, and goodwill.
The Saints, if they will be humble and wise, can now practice what
they preach, and soften by good examples, rather than harden by a dis-
tant course of conduct, the hearts of the people.
For general information, it may be well to say that there has never
been any cause for alarm as to the Latter-day Sa nts. The legislature
of Illinois granted a liberal charter for the City of Nauvoo; and let ev-
ery honest man in the Union who has any knowledge of her say
whether she has not flourished beyond the most sanguine anticipations
of all. And while they witness her growing glory, let them solemnly
testify whether Nauvoo has willfully injured the country, county, or a
single individual one cent.
With the strictest scrutiny publish the fa" i, whether a particle of
law has been evaded or broken: virtue and .nnocence need no artifi-
s cial covering. Political views'and party distinctions never should dis-
turb the harmony of society; and when the whole truth comes before a
virtuous people, we are willing to abide the issue.
We will here refer to the three last dismissals upon writs of habeas
corpus, of Joseph Smith, when arrested under the requisitions of Mis-
souri.
The first, in June, 1841, was tried at Monmouth, before Judge
Douglas, of the fifth judicial circuit: and as no exceptions have been
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 219
taken to that decision by the state of Missouri — but Missouri previously
entered a nolle prosequi on all the old indictments against the Mormons
in the difficulties of 1838 — it is taken and granted that that decision
was just!
The second, in December, 1842, was tried at Springfield before Judge
Pope in the U.S. District Court; and from that honorable discharge,
as no exceptions from any source have been made to those proceed-
ings, it follows as a matter of course that that decision was just!
And the third, in July, 1843, was tried at the city of Nauvoo, before
the Municipal Court of said city; and as no exceptions to that discharge
have been taken, and as the governor says there is "evidence on the
other side to show that the sheriff of Lee county voluntarily carried
Mr. Reynolds (who had Mr. Smith in custody,) to the city of Nauvoo
without any coercion on the part of any one," it must be admitted that
that decision was just!
But is any man unconvinced of the justness of these strictures rela-
tive to the two last cases, let the astounding fact go forth, that Orrin
Porter Rockwell, whom Boggs swore was the principal in his [attempted]
assassination, and as accessory to which Mr. Smith was arrested, has
returned home, "clear of sin." In fa?t, there was not a witness to get
up an indictment against him.
The Messrs. Averys, who were unlawfully transported out of this
state, have returned to their families in peace; and there seems to be no
ground for contention, no cause for jealousy, and no excuse for a sur-
mise that any man, woman, or child will suffer the least inconvenience
from General Smith, the charter of Nauvoo, the city of Nauvoo, or
even any of her citizens.
There is nothing for a bone of contention! Even those ordinances
which appeared to excite the feeling of some people have recently been
repealed; so that if the "intelligent" inhabitants of Hancock county
want peace, want to abide by the Governor's advice, want to have a
character at home, and really mean to follow the Savior's golden rule,
"To do unto others as they would wish others to do unto them," they
will be still now, and let their own works praise them in the gates of
justice and in the eyes of the surrounding world. Wise men ought to
have understanding enough to conquer men with kindness.
"A soft answer turneth away wrath," says the wise man; and it will be
greatly to the credit of the Latter-day Saints to show the love of God,
by now kindly treating those who may have, in an unconscious moment,
done wrong; for truly said Jesus, Pray for thine enemies.
Humanity towards all, reason and refinement to enforce virtue, and
good for evil are so eminently designed to cure more disorders of soci-
ety than an appeal to arms, or even argument untempered with friend-
220 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A D. 1844
ship, and the one thins: needful that no vision for the future, guide-
board for the distant, or expositor for the present, need trouble any one
with what he ought to do.
His own good, his family's good, his neighbor's good, his country's
good, and all good seem to whisper to every person — The governor has
told you what to do. Now do it.
The constitution expects every man to do his duty; and when he fails
the law urges him; or should he do too much, the same master rebukes
him.
Should reason, liberty, law, light, and philanthropy now guide the
destinies of Hancock county with as much sincerity as has been mani-
fested for her notoriety or welfare, there can be no doubt that peace,
prosperity, and happiness will prevail, and that future generations as
well as the present one will call Governor Ford a peacemaker.
The Latter-day Saints will, at all events, and profit by the instruction,
and call upon honest men to help them cherish all the love, all the
friendship, all the courtesy, all the kindly feelings, and all the gener-
osity that ought to characterize clever people in a clever neighborhood,
and leave candid men to judge which tree exhibits the best fruit — the
one with the most clubs and sticks thrown into its boughs and the grass
trodden down under it, or the one with no sticks in it, some dead limbs,
and rank grass growing under it; for by their signs ye can know their
fruit, and by the fruit ye know the trees.
Our motto, then, is Peace with all! If we have joy in the love of
God, let us try to give a reason of that joy, which all the world cannot
gainsay or resist. And may be, like as when Paul started with recom-
mendations to Damascus to persecute the Saints, some one who has
raised his hand against us with letters to men in nigh places may see a
light at noonday, above the brightness of the sun, and hear the voice of
Jesus saying, "It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks."
Intelligence is sometimes the messenger of safety. And, willing to
aid the governor in his laudable endeavors to cultivate peace and honor
the laws, believing that very few of the citizens of Hancock county
will be found in the negative of such a goodly course, and considering
his views a kind of manifesto, or olive leaf, which shows that there is
rest for the soles of the Saints' feet we give it a place in the Neighbor,
wishing it God speed, and saying, God bless good men and good meas-
ures! And as Nauvoo has been, so it will continue to be, a good city,
affording a good market to a good country; and let those who do not
mean to try the way of transgressors, say "Amen."
The High Council met and settled several cases of dif-
ficulty betwixt brethren.
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 221
^TJl(
ie Anti-Mormons held a convention at Carthage, the
object being to devise ways and means of ex- Anti . Mormon
pelling the Saints from the State. Among ° t on JJj|£° n
other resolutions was one appointing the 9th s
of March next as the day of fasting and prayer, wherein
the pious of all orders are requested to pray to Almighty
God that He would speedily bring the false Prophet Joseph
Smith to deep repentance, or that He will make a
public example of him and his leading accomplices . v
The ice broke up in the river.
Sunday, 18. — Beautiful day. Southwest wind.
A very large assembly of the Saints met at the stand,
near the Temple, when I preached a lengthy discourse.
Four p. m., went to my office with Hyrum and two gen-
tlemen from St. Louis. Heard Dr. Richards read my
correspondence with Senator Calhoun, and Phelps read
my "Views of the Power and Policy of the General Gov-
ernment."
At seven, attended prayer-meeting in the assembly
room.
Monday, 19. — At nine a. m. went to my office with Dr.
Bernhisel, who proposed some alterations in my views of
the government. Phelps read the same, and the doctor
seemed better pleased with it than before.
To the Editor of the Neighbor: —
Sir, — I wish to say to you, as there seems to be a prospect of peace,
that it will be more love-like, more God-like, and man-like, to say
nothing about the Warsaw Signal.
If the editor breathes out that old sulphurous blast, let him go and
besmear his reputation and the reputation of those that uphold him
with soot and dirt, but as for us and all honest men, we will act well
our part, for there the honor lies.
We will honor the advice of Governor Ford, cultivate peace and
friendship with all, mind our own business, and come off with flying
colors, respected, because, in respecting others, we respect ourselves.
Respectfully, I am
Joseph Smith.
A conference was held in Halifax, Halifax county,
222 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. I A.D. 1844
Nova Scotia, Elder Robert Dickson, president. Two
branches were represented, consisting of thirty members,
three elders, one priest, one teacher, and two deacons.
The wild geese commenced flying north.
Tuesday, 20. — At ten a. m. went to my office, where
Delegation the Twe ve Apostles and _e others met in
w^hton man council with Brothers Mitchell Curtis and
Indian Affairs Stephen Curtis, who left the pinery on Black
river, 1st January. They were sent by Lyman Wight and
Bishop Miller to know whether Lyman should preach to
the Indians, the Menominees and Chippeways having re-
quested it.
The Chippeways had given Brother Wight some wam-
pum as a token of peace, and the brethren had given them
half a barrel of flour and an ox to keep the Indians from
starving, and Wight had gone through to Green Bay with
them to make a road.
I told them to tell Brother Wight I had no counsel to
give him on the subject. He is there on his own ground
and must act on his own responsibility, and do what he
thinks best in relation to the Indians, understanding the
laws and nature of the subject as well as I can here, and
he-shall never be brought into difficulty about it by us.
<T I instructed the Twelve Apostles to send out a delegation
western and investigate the locations of California and
the V chureh ° Oregon, and hunt out a good location, where
contemplated we can remove to afler fa e temple is com-
pleted, and where we can build a city in a day, and have a
government of our own, get up into the mountains, where
the devil cannot dig us out, and live in a healthful cli-
mate, where we can live as old as we have a mind to'
Warm. The ice floating down the river.
A meeting of the citizens of Hancock county was held
a wolf Hunt at the court-house in Carthage. Passed a
Hancock r Co. resolution that the second Saturday of March
be appointed for a general wolf -hunt, being the same day
A. D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH 223
selected by the convention of the 17th instant for a day of
fasting and prayer for my destruction.
Wednesday 21. — The Rev. Mr. De Wolfe, Episcopalian,
lectured in the assembly room in the evening. I attended
and, after the sermon, at his request, spoke
to the people, showing them that to getsalva- on the Neces-
tion we must not only do some things, but phL ° obedi-
•everything which God has commanded. Men ence t0 God -
may preach and practice everything except those things
which God commands us to do, and will be damned at
last. We may tithe mint and rue, and all manner of
herbs, and still not obey the commandments of God. The
object with me is to obey and teach others to obey God in
just what He tells us to do. It mattereth not whether the
principle is popular or unpopular, I will always maintain
a true principle, even if stand alone in it.
My Pacific Inuendo, written on the 17th instant, ap-
peared in the Neighbor of to-day, in connection with Gov-
ernor Ford's letter of the 29th of January.
Ice left the west bank of the river, opposite the lower
brick house.
J^ery warm and pleasant.
<T Council of the Twelve met in my office. I insert the
minutes : —
Minutes of a Council Meeting of the Twelve.
At a meeting of the Twelve, at the mayor's office, Nauvoo, Febru-
ary 21, 1844, seven o'clock, p. m., Brigham Young, Parley P. Pratt,
Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, George A. Smith, Wil-
lard Richards and four others being present, called by previous no-
tice, by instruction of President Joseph Smith on the 20th instant, for
the purpose of selecting a company to explore Oregon and California,
and select a site for a new city for the Saints.
Jonathan Dunham, Phineas H. Young, David D. Yearsley, and
David Fullmer, volunteered to go; and Alphonzo Young, James Em-
mett, George D. Watt, and Daniel Spencer were requested to go.
Voted the above persons to be notified to meet with the council on
Friday evening next, at the assembly room,
Willard Richards, Clerk.
224 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 184
Thursday, 22. — At home.
Ice continues to run in the river. Very pleasant, cool
nights.
Friday, 23. — W. W. Phelps received a letter from John
Whitmer in relation to certain records, and a book con-
taining some of the early history of the Church which had
been written by my clerks, and was Church property, and
which had been fraudulsntly detained from my possession
by John Whitmer; to which Dr. Richards replied.
.^"""Met with the Twelve in the assembly room concerning
the Oregon and California Exploring Expedition ; Hyrum
The western an( ^ Sidney present. I told them I wanted an
Exploring exploration of all that mountain coountry.
Equipment. * J
Perhaps it would be best to go direct to San-
ta Fe. "Send twenty-five men: let them preach the Gos-
pel wherever they go. Let that man go that can raise
$500, a good horse and mule, a double barrel gun, one-
barrel rifle, and the other smooth bore, a saddle and
bridle, a pair of revolving pistols, bowie-knife, and a
good sabre. Appoint a leader, and let them beat up for
volunteers. I want every man that goes to be a king
and a priest. When he gets on the mountains he may
want to talk with his God; when with the savage nations
have power to govern, &c. If we don't get volunteers,
wait till after the election." N v >
George D. Watt said, "Gimtlemen, I shall go." Sam-
uel Bent, Joseph A. Kelting, David Fullmer, James Em-
mett, Daniel Spencer, Samuel Rolfe, Daniel Avery, and
Samuel W. Richards, volunteered to go.
Saturday, 24. — At home. Had an interview with
Brother Phelps at nine o'clock.
Seth Palmer, Amos Fielding, Charles Shumway, and John
S. Fullmer volunteered to go to Oregon and California.
Fifteen hundred copies of my "Views" out of press.
Very pleasant the past two weeks; the pleasantest
February I ever saw.
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 225
President Brigkam Young went to Knowlton's settle-
ment on Bear creek, and preached.
Sunday, 25. — I preached at the temple block. Hyrum
also preached.
Evening, I attended prayer- meeting in the assembly
room. We prayed that "General Josep Smith's Views of
the Powers and Policy of the United States," . „ ,
" , . A Prophecy of
might be spread far and wide, and be the Deliverance
means of opening the hearts of the people ^1
gave some important instructions, and prophesied that
within five years we should be out of the power of our old
enemies, whether they were apostates or of the world;
and told the brethren to record it, that when it comes to
pass they need not say they had forgotten the saying.
Some rain in the evening; cloudy and foggy.
Monday, 26. — At home. A cold wind from the north.
Rainy, dull day.
In the afternoon, held court at the Mansion. City of
Xauvoo versus Orsimus F. Botswick, on complaint of
Hyrum Smith for slanderous language con- The Case of
cerning him and certain females of Nauvoo. S, 01 ^ "^
^ Slander of Hv-
Bostwick was fined $50 and costs. Francis rum Smith.
M. Higbee, his attorney, gave notice he should appeal to
the municipal court, and then to the circuit court. I told
Higbee what I thought of him for trying to carry such a
suit to Carthage — it was to stir up the mob and bring
them upon us.
Prayer-meeting in the assembly room in the afternoon.
My uncle John Smith and lady were present, were
anointed, and received blessings; and in the evening
Father Morley was also blessed.
Ira S. Miles volunteered to join the mountain exploring
expedition.
Tuesday, 27. — At home. Cool and clear. River clear
of ice.
In the afternoon, visited the printing office.
(^Mailed my "Views of Powers and Policy," &c, to the
15 Vol. VT.
226
HISTOEY OF THE CHFECH. [A. D. 1844
President and cabinet, supreme judges, senators, repre-
sentatives, principal newspapers in the United States, (all
the German), and many postmasters and individuals.^
Almon-L. Fullmer and Hosea Stout volunteered ^6 go
on the Western Exploring Expedition.
Wednesday, 28.— At home. Rainy day.
At four, p. m., steamboat General Brooke passed up
the river: first boat this season. No ice in sight.
In the evening I sent Brother Coolidge to Brother
Phelps, to call the brethren and pray for Brother Cool-
idge's sick child, as he thought it could not live till morn-
ing. Elder John Taylor and others prayed for him.
Dr. Alphonzo Young published an appeal to his native
state of Tennessee,givinga history of our Missouri troubles,
and asking the influence of that state to obtain redress.
The Neighbor of to-day publishes the following: —
FOR PRESIDENT, JOSEPH SMITH.
Having now raised the name of our General and Prophet to the head
of our columns, it becomes us, as Latter day Saints, to be prudent and
energetic in the cause that we pursue, and not let any secondary influ-
ences control our minds or govern our proceedings.
The step that we have taken is a bold one, and requires our united
efforts, perseverance, and diligence; but important as it may be it is
no greater than others have taken, and they have conceived that they
had a right, without molestation, to pursue that course, and to vote for
that man whose election they in their wisdom thought would be most
conducive to the public weal.
As American citizens, then we presume that all will concede to us
this right; and whatever may be their views respecting the policy of
such a step, they will acknowledge that we act legally, justly, and con-
stitutionally in pursuing our present course.
Some have nominated Henry CJay, some Colonel Johnson, others
John C. Calhoun, others Daniel Webster, and others Martin Van
Buren.
Those several committees, unquestionably thought that they had
each of them made the wisest selection in naming the man of their
choice.They selected their several candidates because they thought they
were the wisest, the greatest statesmen, and the most competent to
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 227
fill the presidential chair, whilst they severally thought that the other
candidates were incompetent.
We have governed by the same principles; and if others think they
have made the wisest selection, so do we. If others think they have
nominated the greatest statesman, so do we; and while those several
committees think that none of the nominations made are so good as
their own, we think that the man of our choice is the most able, the
most competent, the best qualified, and would fill the Presidential chair
with greater dignity to the nation; and that his election would be con-
ducive of more happiness and prosperity at home and abroad than that
of any other man in these United States.
This is a thing that we, as Latter-day Saints, know; and it now
devolves upon us as an imperative duty to make others acquainted with
the same things, and to use all our influence at home and abroad for
the accomplishment of this object.
Mr. Smith is not so generally known personally as are several of the
above-named candidates; and although he has been much spoken of as
a man, he has been a great deal calumniated and misrepresented, and
his true character is very little known.
It is for us to take away this false coloring; and by lecturing, by
publishing, and circulating his works, his political views, his honor,
integrity and virtue, to stop the foul mouth of slander, and present him
before the public in his own colors, that he may be known, respected,
and supported.
Thomas S. Edwards volunteered to join the exploring
expedition to the Rocky Mountains.
Thursday, 29. — Called at my office, and gave Brother
Phelps the Zanesville Gazette of January 31, containing
the speech o Cassius M. Clay, delivered in A Reply
Scott county, Kentucky, December 30, 1843, ^cSsL m.
on annexing Texas to the United States ; and Cla 5"-
instructed him to reply to the same, and gave him the
subject matter, and directed the manner I wished it done;
and then rode out with Porter Rockwell.
The steamer Ohio went up the river.
Moses Smith and Rufus Beach volunteered to join the
Oregon exploring expedition.
Friday, March 1. — Very frosty night; showery day,
west wind.
Spent the day in counseling.
228 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
Letters from the elders show a rapid progress of the
work of the Lord in different parts of the Union. Elder
John E. Page has gone to Washington for the purpose of
proclaiming to the rulers of our nation the principles of
eternal truth. By a letter received from him, we learn he
has been preaching and baptizing in Boston and vicinity.
Ihe High Council to the Saints in Nauvoo.
The High Council of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
at Nauvoo to the Saints of this [Nauvoo'] Stake, greeting.
Beloved Brethren, — Realizing as we do, the importance of the
work in which we are engaged, we deem it expedient to lay before you
such matters from time to time as in our opinion will be beneficial
to the Saints, and the spirit in us may seem to require.
We would remind our brethren, the elders, who have at sundry
times been sent forth as flaming heralds, messengers of the everlasting
Gospel, who proclaim a message of salvation to their fellow-men,
thereby gathering and'^rTnging up to Zion the scattered elect of God,
to be taught more perfectly the principles of salvation; that whilst
their message is abroad ^ have had our mission to remain at Nauvoo
and to participate wilu the Saints in the blessing of poverty, f such it
may be called; amid sickness and distress, in the vexations and tur-
moils of the unruly and ungodly, for which no man has paid us, for
days, weeks, months, and years; that our time has been spent in en-
deavoring to settle difficulties, set in orde r the t hings needful to salva-
tion; in trying to reconcile and cement the feelings of our brethren to
each other in the spirit of the Gospel; whilst at times, circumstances of
a more painful nature have been presented.
Individuals have been brought before us charged with high crimes in
violation of the laws of heaven, on whom much patient exertion in the
labors of love have by us been bestowed, to reclaim them from the
error and evil of their doings.
We regret to have it to say that in some instances our efforts have
been fruitless; for after we have found in them an obstinate and
unyielding spirit to the principles of right, we have (reluctantly) been
compelled to sever them from the Church as withered branches.
Such persons not unfrequently manifest their wickedness by their
trifling with and bidding defiance to all and every good rule, regulation
and law, set forth for the guidance of all Saints.
One single trait of their depravity is frequently manifested by their
going to some ignorant elder and getting re-baptized into the Church,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 229
not having first made the least satisfaction (as was required) to such as
they have injured.
We have to say that baptism in such cases is not valid and cannot
profit. We here continue to say; let such expelled person first be
reconciled to his injured brother, and bring forth fruit mete for repent-
ance; or, in case of dissatisfaction with our decision, take an appeal
and reverse it, if found wrong.
Expelled persons not complying with these rules (which are in
accordance with the order of heaven), whom we have been once necessi-
tated to withdraw fellowship from, cannot be restored in any illegal
way; and we would say that all such clandestine entering into the
Church is climbing up some other way, and that such persons can onty
be considered as thieves and robbers. We would also remind the elders
that it is improper for them to re-baptize any such expelled persons
while they remain thus obstinate; and that it will subject them to cen-
sure, and bring them to trial before a proper tribunal of the Church.
We therefore hope, for the future, that certain officious, forward-
feeling elders will be more prudent in such cases hereafter.
We remain yours in the bonds of the new and everlasting covenant,
William Marks,
Charles C. Eich,
Presidents.
Samuel Bent, L. Dunbar Wilson,
David Fullmer, Thomas Grover,
Newel Knight, Leonard Soby,
James Allred, Alpheus Cutler,
George W. Harris, Aaron Johnson,
William Huntington, Sen., Henry G. Sherwood,
Counselors.
Hosea Stout, Clerk.
The Times and Seasons of March 1st presents my name to
the public as candidate for president of the United States.
Jonathan Dunham filed his bonds with the recorder,
and took the oath of office as wharf-master of the city of
Nauvoo.
Elder Wilf ord Woodruff very sick ; the 37th anniversary
of his birthday.
Saturday, 2. — Ten a. m. held Mayor's court. Reproved
Elder S. B. Stoddard for giving appearance of evil in
attempting to be bail for Orsimus F. Boswick. Brother
Stoddard afterwards explained to my satisfaction.
230 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
President Brigham Young visited Macedonia, accom-
panied by his brother, L. D. Young, and preached there
on the Sabbath.
Sunday, 3. — Ground covered with snow. Attended
prayer-meeting in the evening.
Monday, 4. — I suggested the name of James Arlington
Bennett, of Long Island, as a candidate for Vice-Presi-
dent.
At early candle-light, the First Presidency, Twelve
Apostles, temple committee, and others, met in council.
I insert the minutes.
Minutes of a Council Meeting — lioelve and 'lemple Committee.
George Coray came in, and said he was sent by Lyman Wight to
get sheep, &c, to carry to the Pine country, to receipt for them, or
agree to pay lumber.
President Joseph suggested that it was best to let the Nauvoo Honse
remain as it is until the temple is completed, as we need the temple
more than anything else.
Elder Haws said there was some dissatisfaction about being sent
from the Pinery without accounts, &c, and could not have credit on
tithing, and one month at the Pinery is only called fifteen days here.
President Joseph told them that they should have their number of
days in full. "We will let the Nauvoo house stand until the temple is
done, and we will put all our forces on the Temple, turn our lumber
towards the Temple, and cover it in this fall, and sell the remainder to
get blasting powder, fuse, rope, steel, &c.
And when the temple is completed, no man shall pass the threshold
tiil he has paid five dollars: and every stranger shall pay five dollars
towards liquidating the cash debts on the Temple, and I will not have the
house dirtied.
Let Woodworth go to the pinery, take the things wanted, and bring
back the lumber, and his wages go on as usual.
Let a special conference be called on the 6th of April, and all the
elders called home who can come. Let the people of this city come
together on Thursday, at nine o'clock in the morning. After two or
three lectures, we will call on the people to fill up the boxes with liberal
contributions, to procure cash materials for the temple.
<
I instructed a letter to be written to James Arlington
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 2'Sl
Bennett to consult him on the subject of nominating him
for Vice-President ,\l here insert the letter: —
Letter — Willard Richards to James Arlington Bennett — lhe Matter of
Bennett Becoming Candidate for Vice-President of U. S.
Nauvoo, March 4, 1844.
Dear General, — Yours of the 1st of February, was duly
received, and produced the most pleasing sensations among your
friends here, and especially with the Prophet, who said, ''Tell General
Bennett I am perfectly satisfied with his explanation; and as to temper ,
I had not even thought of it."
You suggest that Brother Joseph's correspondence with Mr. Calhoun
would appear in some degree to contradict the noble sentiments
expressed in that able document to yourself; but if you will notice that
his communication to you was written as an individual, and that to Mr.
Calhoun as the voice of the people he represents, I think you will dis-
cover no disciepancy; but if so, tell me particulars without delay, and
you shall have an explanation.
I have recently mailed to you General Smith's "Views of the Powers
and Policy of the Government of the United States," which were
drawn forth in consequence of his friends selecting him as a candidate
for the next Presidency, which he very reluctantly acquiesced in, and
it seems would not, only to support a favorite maxim — " lhe people must
govern; " but having once been prevailed upon to suffer his name to go
abroad as a candidate, it is desirable to him of course, as to every
patriot, that those who have brought him forward should use all honor-
able means to sustain him in the canvass; and if I had not felt dis-
posed to uphold him before the people, I never would have 'been the
first to urge his nomination; and during the short space since his
name has been published, his friends have been astonished at the flood
of influence that is rolling through the Western States in his favor, and
in many instances where we might have least expected it.
I need not assert what the wisest of the wise admit without argument
— that General Smith is the greatest statesman of the 19th century.
Then why should not the nation secure to themselves his superior tal-
ents, that they may rise higher and higher in the estimation of the
crowned heads of the nations, and exalt themselves through his wisdom?
Your friends here consider your letter about the Governorship of
Illinois just like every man in your quarter, mere sport, child's sport;
for who would stoop to the play of a single State, when the whole
nation was on the board? — a cheaper game!
General Smith says, if he must be President, Arlington Bennett must
be Vice-President. To this his friends are agreed — agreed in every-
thing; and in this consists our power: consequently, your name will
232 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. LA.D. 1844
appear in our next paper as our candidate for Vice-President of the
United States. You will receive our undivided support, and we expect
the same in return for General Smith for the Presidency; and we will
go it with the rush of a whirlwind, so peaceful, so gentle, that it will
not be felt by the nation till the battle is won.
Dear General, if glorv, honor, force, and power in righteous princi-
ples are desired by you, now is your time. You are safe in following
the counsel of that man who holds communion with heaven; and I
assure you, if you act well your part, victory's the prize.
Brother Arlington, look well to "General Smith's Views,'' and his
letter to Calhoun, and comprehend him fully. Say to the New York
Herald, now is the time for your exaltation; raise your standard hitrh,
sound your trumpet long and loud, support General Smith and myself
at the next election; and when we are exalted, you shall not be forgot-
ten.
Hold forth no false shadows to honest men; yet though there is but
one best piece to the fatted calf, yet there are many good slices; there-
fore you will not forget the "Advertiser,' 1 '' "Niles Begister,' n "Globe,"
&c, &c.
Get up an electoral ticket — New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
and any other state within your reach. Open your mouth wide, and
God shall fill it. Cut your quill, and the ink shall flow freely.
Commence at your own mansion and stay not, only for electioneer-
ing purposes, till by some popular route you reach Naueoo; and if you
preach Mormonism it will help you. At every stage, tavern, boat and
company, expose the wickedness of Martinism in saying, if he is elected
President, he will annihilate the Mormons, and proclaim the sycophancy
of the candidates generally, and uphold Joseph against every aspersion
and you shall triumph gloriously.
We have many thing's to say to you, which we must keep t'll we see
you face to face.
All is right at Nauvoo. We are now fitting out a noble company to
explore Oregon and California, and progressing rapidly with the great
Temple, which we expect to roof this season, though there is yet a
chance at the eleventh hour for you to bring in your thousand, and se-
cure your "penny.''
On the 6th of April is our special conference at Nauvoo. I wish you
could be here on that occasion, but the time is too short. From
that period our Elders will go forth by hundreds or thousands and search
the land, preaching religion and politics; and if God goes with them,
who can withstand their influence?
My words are the words of your friends here— Come and see us.
A.D. 1844 J HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 233
Brother Joseph's, Young's, and Bernhisel's respects to you. Mrs.
Richards' kind respects with mine to yourself and love to all yours.
Most respectfully yours,
Willard Richards.
The temple committee proposed to establish a powder
manufactory.
234 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
CHAPTER X.
URGING THE BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE — TENDERS OF PEACE
TO MISSOURI — PROPHET'S DISCOURSE ON ELIAS, ELIJAH,
MESSIAH — LYMAN WIGHT'S PROPOSAL OF A SOUTHWEST
MOVEMENT FOR THE CHURCH.
luesday, March 5, 1844. — I saw Hyrum Kimball at Bry-
ant's store, and gave him a lecture on his resisting the ordin-
ances of the city, by telling the captains of the steamboats
they need not pay wharfage, &c.
Rode out with Emma.
At two, p. m., met with the City Council. I copy the
minutes : —
Special Session of the City Council.
March 5, 1844, 2 p. m.
Names of members called. Quorum present.
Mayor stated that he had called the council, because that when the
wharf-master called on the steamboats for wharfage, the officers of the
boats declined paying, assigning as a reason that Hyrum Kimball and
Morrison had told them that they owned the land, and they need
pay no wharfage to the city; and he called the council to know
their views on the subject, as he had told Hyrum Kimball that he
should see the ordinances executed; and if the boats did not pay, he
should blow them up and all those who upheld them in resisting the
ordinances. Every measure is taken to palsy the hands of the officers
of the city; and I want to know how to remedy the evil, or whether I
shall abandon the ordinances, &c.
Alderman Harris said that it was the mayor's duty to enforce the ordi-
nances of the city, and that no man has a right to build a wharf with-
out leave from the city council.
Councilor Phelps suggested the propriety of licensing those who
owned wharves to collect a tax for the landing of the boat.
A.D. 18441 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 235
Alderman Wells concurred.
Mayor said the land on the water's edge was a street.
Alderman Wells suggested the propriety of having the street worked
as soon as may be.
Councilor Phelps said, if Water street extended round the city, then
Kimball had been constructing a nuisance.
Mayor spoke in explanation, and said that Kimball said, if the city
would make a wharf, he would give up what he had done.
Councilor Orson Spencer said he wished the mayor to execute the
law of the city.
Councilor Brigham Young concurred.
Councilor W. W. Phelps proposed that Water street be worked the
whole length.
Councilor Taylor said, "I go in for executing the laws of the city.' T
Marshal stated that Morrison said he had a bond for a deed to low-
water mark, and the city could not take his personal rights, and he
objected to the boats paying wharfage.
Councilor Orson Pratt said, if Kimball or Morrison or any one else
has built wharves since that street was laid out, they could get no dam-
ages.
Councilor Daniel Spencer considered the ordinance passed good, and
it ought to be enforced.
Councilor Hyrum Smith, believed it was our duty to stand up to the
c linances.
Moved by Brigham Young that the city council instruct the Mayor to
order the supervisor to open Water stree from Joseph Smith's store
north to the north line of the city.
Councilor Phelps approved of the motion, that the road might be
cleared from rafts, and the rafts might also pay license.
Councilor Warrington said the upper stone house was in the street.
Mayor said that was the greatest nuisance there was in the street.
Councilor Orson Spencer was in favor [i.e., of the motion to open
Water street.] Motion carried unanimously.
The governor having refused to issue commissions to the aldermen-
elect of the city, Councilor Whitney inquired who were aldermen.
The mayor explained that if the governor refuses to grant a commis-
sion, it does not disqualify the officer elect from acting in his office;
consequently, there is no virtue in the commission, but the virtue of
the office consists in the election.
Councilor Young thought they were aldermen all the \ime or none of
the time.
Mayor said he wanted all the aldermen to be added to the city
council.
#r
236 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Alderman Wells said he considered the election made the aldermen,
and not the commission.
Mayor said if he had been elected alderman and filed his bonds, he
would act as councilor and magistrate.
Noah Packard sent a memorial to the governor, senate,
Packard's and house of representatives of Massachusetts,
LeSatireof his native state, setting forth in detail the suf-
Massachusetts ferings of the Saints in Missouri, and their
expulsion from that state.
Wednesday, 6 . — Went to my office, and thence with
Brother Phelps to Mr. Bryant's, to see him about his
uniting with Hyrum Kimball and others to resist the
ordinances of the city.
The Neighbor publishes the name of James Arlington
Bennett as candidate for Vice-President.
Thursday, 7. — A splendid day; wind from the south-
west.
Minutes oj a General Meeting in the Interest of the lemple.
/[Reported by Elders Willard Richards and Wilford Woodruff.]
A vast assembly of Saints met at the Temple of the Lord at nine
o'clock a. m., by a special appointment of President Joseph Smith, for
the purpose of advancing the progress of the Temple, &c.
The Patriarch, Hyrum Smith, was present; also of the Twelve Apos-
tles, Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson
Pratt, Willard Richards, Wilford Woodruff, John Taylor, and George
A. Smith; also the temple committee and about eight thousand Saints.
A hymn was sung by the choir; prayer by Elder Parley P. Pratt,
when another hymn was sung.
Patriarch Hyrum Smith took the stand and said, The object of the
meeting is to stir up your minds by way of remembrance. It is neces-
sary to have a starting-point, which is to build the Temple.
With the assistance of the sisters, we expect to get the nails and
glass; and with the assistance of the brethren, we expect to do the
rest. I will proclaim in public and in private thet the sisters bought
the glass and nails by penny subscription. Choose ye this day whom
ye will serve.
We shall call upon this vast multitude for a donation to buy powder
and fuse-ropes to blast the rocks in the quarry. We want the brethren
to at least do as much as the sisters.
(A.D. 1814 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 237
We do not intend to finish the Nauvoo House this season, but to take
all the hands and finish the Temple this summer, or the walls of it, and
get the roof on b? December, and do off the inside nest winter:' and
about a year from this spring we will dedicate it.
We can do anything we undertake. We have power, and we can do
great things. In five years to come the work will progress more than
it has done for ten years past.
Isaiah said we should perform a marvelous work and a wonder. I
don't wonder he said so, if he saw this vast multitude; and I think this
people is abundantly able to build this temple, and much depends upon
it for our endowments and sealing powers; and many blessings depend
upon it.
President Joseph Smith then arrived, took the stand, arose, and.after
requesting Orson Pratt to come to the stand and take his post, said: —
I do not know whether the object of the meeting has been told you
or not. I apologize for noc coming sooner.
I have had so much on my mind since I saw you, that I hardly know
where to begin or what to say; but one of the grand objects I had in
view in calling this meeting was to make a few remarks relative to the
laws and ordinances of the city and the building of the temple.
The reason I want to speak of the city ordinances is that the officers
have difficulty in administering them.
We are republicans, and wish to have the people rule; but they
must rule in righteousness. Some would complain with what God
Himself would do.
The laws or ordinances are enacted by the city council on petition of
the people; and they can all be repealed, if they wish it, and petition
accordingly.
At all events, the people ought not to complain of the officers; but if S\/}
they are not satisfied, they should complain to the lawmakers by
petition.
I am instructed by the city council to tell this people that if there is
any law passed by us which you dislike, we will repeal it, for we are
your servants. Those who complain of our rights and charters are l njUtf
wicked and corrupt, and the devil is in them.
The reason I called up this subject is,jvro have a gang of simple fel-
jojvs here who do not know where their elbows or heads are. If you
preach virtue to them, they will oppose that; or if you preach a Metho-
dist God to them, they will oppose that; and the same if you preach
anything else; and if there is any case tried by the authorities of
Nauvoo, they want it appealed to Carthage to the circuit court. Mr.
Orsimus F. Bostwick's case had to go to Carthage. Our lawyers will
appeal anything to the circuit court.
238 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. TA.D. 1844
I want the people to speak out and say whether such men should be
tolerated and supported in our midst; and I want to know if the citi-
zens will sustain me when my hands are raised to heaven for and in
behalf of the people.
From this time I design to brincr such characters who act against the
interests of the city before a committee of the whole; and I will have
the voice of the people, which is republican, and is likely to be the
voice of God; and as long as I have a tongue to speak, I will expose
the iniquity of the lawyers and wicked men.
I fear not their boiling over nor the boiling over of hell, their thun-
ders, nor the lightning of their forked tongues.
If these things cannot be put a stop to, I will give such men into the
hands of the Missouri mob. The hands of the officers of the city falter
and are palsied by their conduct.
There is another person I will speak about. He is a Mormon — a
certain man who lived here before we came here; the two first letters
of his name are Hyrum Kimball. When a man is baptized and be-
comes a member of the Church, I have a right to talk about him, and
reprove him in public or private, whenever it is necessary, or he
deserves it.
When the city passed an ordinance to collect wharfage from steam-
boats, he goes and tells the captains of the steamboats that he owned
the landing, and that they need not pay wharfage.
I espise the man who will betray you with a kiss; and I am deter-
mined to use up^pstmen, if they will not stop their operations. If
this is not true, let him come forward and throw off the imputation.
When they appeal to Carthage, I will appeal to this people, which is
the highest court. I despise the lawyers who haggle on lawsuits, and
I would rather die a thousand deaths than appeal to Carthage,
Kimball and Morrison say they own the wharves; but the fact is, the
city owns them, sixty-four feet from high water mark. From the
printing office to the north limits of the city is public ground, as Water
street runs along the beach, and the beach belongs to the city and not
to individuals.
Another thing: I want to speak about the lawyers of this city. I
have good feelings towards them; nevertheless I will reprove the law-
yers and doctors anyhow. Jesus did, and every prophet has; and if I
am a prophet, I shall do it: at any rate, I shall do it, for I profess to be
a prophet.
The maritime laws of the United States have ceded up the right to
regulate all tolls, wharfage, &c, to the respective corporations who
have jurisdiction, and not to individuals.
Our lawyers have read so little that they are ignorant of this: thev
A.D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 239
have never stuck their noses into a book on maritime law in their lives,
and, as Pope says: —
Shallow draughts intoxicate the hrain;
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian Spring.
Our city lawyers are fools to undertake to practice law when they
know nothing about it.
want " ' his time forth every fool to stay at home and let the
steamboats and captairjs alone. No vessel could land anywhere, if
subject to individual laws.
The corporation owns the streets of the city, and has as much right
to tax the boats to make wharves as to tax citizens to make roads. Let
every man in this city stay at home, and let the boat-captains, peace-
officers and everybody alone.
How are we to keep peace in the city, defend ourselves against
mobs, and keep innocent blood from being shed? By striking a blow
at everything that rises up in disorder.
I will wage an eternal warfare with those that oppose me while I am
laboring in behalf of the city. I will disgrace every man by publishing
him on the house top, who will not be still and mind his own business.
Let them entirely alone, and they will use themselves up.
I was visited by an old gentleman this morning, who told me that
the spirit of mobocracy was about subsiding. A couple of merchants
in this city (I will not tell their names,) have told the country people
not to bring butter, eggs, &c, to Nauvoo for sale; at least, so the peo-
ple abroad say.
Now, if they will not let the people bring their produce, the people
will not buy their goods; aud the result will be, the merchants will get a
spirit of mobocracy.
Another man (I will not call his name,) has been writing to the New
York Iribune, some of the most disgraceful things possible to name.
He says, in that article, that there are a great many donations to the
Temple which have been appropriated to other purposes.
His object evidently was to stigmatize the trustee and excite preju-
dice against us abroad. But I pledge myself that whoever has contrib-
uted any old shoes, harness, horses, wagons, or anything else, if he will
come forward, will show that every farthing is on the book and has
been appropriated for the building of the Temple.
I pledge myself that if he finds the first farthing that we cannot show
where it has been appropriated, I will give him my head for a football.
He also states that the Temple cannot be built, it costs so much. Who
does not know that we can put the roof on the building this season, if
we have a mind to? By turning all the means from the Nauvoo House
and doubling our diligence we can do it.
240 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
There are men in our midst who are trying to build up themselves at
our expense, and others who are watching for iniquity, and will make a
man an offender for a word. The best way for such men is to be still.
If I did not love men, I would not reprove them, but would work in the
darkness as they do.
As to who is the author of the article in the Tribune, read it and you
will see for yourselves. He is not a lawyer; he is nearer related to a
doctor — a small man. (Mr. McNeil inquired if he was the man.) No;
I do not know you: you are a stranger. But I will rest myself and
give way for others.
President Hyrum Smith arose and made a few remarks. He com-
pared the lawyers to polliwogs,wigglers, and toads. He said they would
dry up next fall. "Those characters, I presume, were made in gizzard
making time, when it was cheaper to get gizzards than souls; for if a
soul cost $5, a gizzard would cost nothing: like tree toads, they change
color to suit the object they are upon. They ought to be ferreted out
like rats. You could describe them as you would a hedgehog: they
fe in every hedge, stinking like the skunk."*
Charles Foster asked if Joseph meant him.
Joseph said, "I will reply by asking you a question."
Foster: "That is no way.''
Joseph. "Yes, that is the way the Quakers do. But Jesus said,
"Whose image and superscription is this? Why did you apply the
remarks to yourself? Why did you ask if we meant you?
Foster. "Then I understand you meant me.
Joseph. "You said it."
Foster. "You shall hear from me."
Joseph. "As Mayor, I fine you $10 for that threat, and for disturb-
ing the meeting."
Doctor Foster spoke in palliation of his brother Charles, and asked
Josepe to await, &c. He said, "He has not threatened you." Joseph
said, "He has.'' Doctor Foster said: "No one has heard him threaten
you,'' when hundreds cried, "I have!" Doctor Foster continued to
speak, when the Mayor called him to order, or, said he, "I will fine
you."
William W. Phelps then read General Smith's "Views of the Powers
and Policy of the General Government of the United States;'' after
which, it was voted, unanimously, with one exception, to uphold Gen-
eral Smith for the Presidency of the United States.
* Nauvoo was unfortunate '.a being overrun with pettifogging lawyers at this
time, and it was to these, doubtless, that the disparaging remarks of both the
Prophet and Hyrum, rspecting lawyers referred. It is unfortunate that they
did not segregate the pettifoggers from the worthy men of the profession; than
whom no class of citizens, and no other profession, render more valuable service to-
the state.
A.D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 241
An article was also read by W. W. Phelps, entitled, "A Voice of
Innocence from Nauvoo," and all the assembly said "Amen'' twice.
At thirty minutes past twelve, the meeting adjourned till two p. m.
When the people assembled according to adjournment, choir sang a
hymn. Prayer by Elder Orson Pratt. Singing.
Prosident Brigham Young addressed the congregation. He said: I
wish to speak upon the duty of lawyers, as they have been spoken of
this morning. They were first among the children of Israel to explain
the laws of Moses to the common people.
I class myself as a lawyer in Israel. My business is to make peace
among the people; and when any man who calls himself a lawyer
takes a course to break peace instead of making it, he is out of the line
of his duty. A lawyer's duty is to read the law well himself, then tell
the people what it is, and let them act upon it, and keep peace; and let
them receive pay like any laboring man.
It is desirable for justices of the peace, when men call for writs, to
inquire into the merits of the case, and tell the parties how to settle it,
and thus put down lawsuits. To cure lawing, let us pay attention to
our business.
When we hear a story, never tell it again, and it will be a perfect
cure. If your brother mistreats you, let him alone; if your enemy
cheats you, let it go; cease to deal with men who abuse you. If all men
had taken the straightforward course that some have, we should not
have such disorderly men in our midst.
I have no objection to any man coming here, but I will have nothing
to do with men who will abuse me at midnight and at noonday. Our
difficulties and persecutions have always arisen from men right in our
aiidst.
It is the lust of individuals to rob us of everything, and to take
advantage of divisions that may arise among us to build themselves up. I
feel that I want every man should stay and lift up holy hands without
dubiety, wrath or doubting.
To the men who own land here I would say: Do not think you can
sell your lands here, and then go off and spend it somewhere else in
abusing the Mormons. I tell you nay; for know it, ye people, that
Israel is here; and they are the head, and not the tail; and the people
must learn it. All those who have gone from us have gone from the
head to the tail.
The grand object before us is to build the temple this season.
We have heard the effects of slander, and we want a cure and balm;
and I carry one with me all the while, and I want all of you to do the
same. I will tell you what it is: it is to mind your own business, and
let others alone, and suffer wrong rather than do wrong. If any take
16 VOL. VI
242 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
your property away, let them alone, and have nothing to do with them.
A spirit has been manifested to divide the Saints. It was manifest
in the last election. It was said, if they did not look out, the Saints on
the flat would beat the Saints on the hill.
Great God! how such a thing looks, that the Saints should be afraid
of beating one another in the election, or being beat? I would ask, who
built up this city? Would steamboats have landed here, if the Saints
had not come? Or could you, even the speculators, have sold your
lands for anything here, if the Saints had not come? They might have
sold for a few bear and wolf skins, but not for money.
If any of you wish to know how to have your bread fall butter-side
up, butter it on both sides, and then it will fall butter-side up. Oppose
this work, and it will roll over you.
When did this work ever stop since it began? Never. The only
thing the Saints now want to know is — what does the Lord want of us,
and we are ready to do it.
Well," then, build the Temple of the Lord. Keep the law of God, ye
Saints, and the hypocrite and scoundrel will flee out of your midst and
tremble, for the fire of God will be too hot for them,
I expect the Saints are so anxious to work, and so ready to do right,
that God has whispered to the Prophet, "Build the Temple, and let the
Nauvoo House alone at present." I would not sue a man, if he owed
me five hundred or a thousand dollars, should he come to me and say
he would not pay me.
Elder John Tayjjxr.-_r,e marked that it was said by some discontented
personsTEat the municipal officers of the city were acting in an arbi-
trary manner, which was false. He then went to explain the princi-
ples of Democracy, until it was announced that it would be desirable to
set a contribution on foot immediately to get fuse rope and blasting
powder, as a boat was coming down the river, and the messenger
was waiting to go down to St. Louis.
Elder Taylor paused awhile for this purpose, and a collection amount-
ing to about sixty dollars was made. He then continued his speech:
"When society was first organized they found themselves without leg-
islature, congress, house of lords, or anything of the kind, every man
was lord over his own house.
Difficulties began to arise, and the people began to contend and com-
bine together in governments. By-and-by, some two or three requested
that they might return to their original customs, and the govern-
ment said they might. This was the situation of this city in the main,
when we asked for a charter.
Of General Joseph Smith some are afraid, and think it doubtful
about his election; and, like the ostrich, stick their heads under a bush,
a.D. 1841] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 243
and leave their bodies out, so that we can all see them; and after this
it will be a by- word— "That man is an ostrich who hides his head in
this cause." He spoke also on going on with the temple.
President Bri gham Young jsaid— "Those who have not paid their
property tiflHsg^w^sha¥ : c^tnip"on, and take dinner; and we had rather
be saved that trouble, and have them come up and pay. You will want
a blessing in the temple when it is done."
President Joseph Smith remarked:— In relation to those who give in
property forlEelemple. We want them to bring it to the proper source,
and to be careful into whose hands it comes, that it may be entered into
the Church books, so that those whose names are found in the Church
books shall have the first claim to receive their endowments in the tem-
ple. I intend to keep the door at the dedication myself, and not a man
shall pass who has not paid his bonus.
As to politics, I care but little about the presidential chair. I would
not give half as much for the office of President of the United States as
I would for the one I now hold as Lieutenant-General of the Nauvoo
Legion.
We have as good aright to make a political party to gain power to
defend ourselves, as for demagogues to make use of our
religion to get pow*r to destroy us. In other words, as the world has
used the power of government to oppress and persecute us, it is right
for us to use it for the protection of our rights. We will whip the mob
by getting up a candidate for President.
When I get hold of the Eastern papers, and see how popular I am, I
am afraid myself that I shall be elected; but if I should be, I would not
say, "Your cause is jtist, but I can do nothing for you. r
What I have said in my views in relation to the annexation of Texas
is with some unpopular; the people arc opposed to it. Some of the
Anti-Mormons are good fellows. I say it, however, in anticipation
that they will repent. They object to Texas on account of slavery.
Why, it is the very reason she ought to be received, so that we may
watch over them; for, of the two evils, we should reject the greatest.
Governor Houston of Texas, says— "if you refuse to receive us into
the United Scates, we must go to the Briush Government for pro-
tection."
This would certainly be bad policy for this nation; the British are
now throughout that whole country, trying to bribe all they can; and
the first thing they would do, if they got possession, would be to set the
negroes and the Indians to fight, and they would use us up. British
officers are now running all over Texas to establish British influence in
that country.
It will be more honorable for us to receive Texas and set the negroes
244 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. t AD - 1844
free, and use the negroes and Indians against our foes. Don't let Texas
go, lest our mothers and the daughters of the land should laugh us in
the teeth; and if these things are not so, God never spoke by any
Prophet since the world began.
How much better it is for the nation to bear a little expense than to
have the Indians and British upon us and destroy us all. We should
grasp all the territory we can. I know much that I do not tell. I have
had bribes offered me, but I have rejected them.
The government will not receive any advice or counsel from me: they
are self-sufficient. But they must go to hell and work out their own
salvation with fear and trembling.
The South holds the balance of power. By annexing Texas, I can
do away with this evil. As soon as Texas was annexed, I would liberate
the slaves in two or three States, indemnifying their owners, and send
the negroes to Texas, and from Texas to Mexico, where all colors are
alike. And if that was not sufficient, I would call upon Canada, and
annex it.
Singing by the choir. Prayer by President B. Young.
The barque Fanny, Captain Patterson, arrived at New
Orleans with 210 souls, led by Elder William Kay. They
express, [the opinion] in a letter to the
wm^Kay and Millennial Star, that no people ever had a
Engush 7 ° £ more prosperous voyage than the Lord has
saints. favored this company with ; and such a cap-
tain and crew, for kindness, could scarcely be met with,
the captain frequently administering from the cabin stores
unto the necessities of all who required it.
Elder John E. Page published an address to the inhab-
itants of Washington.
Friday, 8. — Very heavy rain all night, accompanied by
thunder.
Bishop Miller arrived from the Pinery.
<^Ltten a. m., my scribe, Willard Richards, called to
j^T a. Ben- tell me that James Arlington Bennett was a
we'fo^viS- native of Ireland, and therefore was not con-
president of stitutionally e legible to be the Vice-President.'
He wanted to know who should be nominated for Vice-
President. I told him to counsel with others upon that
A.D.1844] HISTORY OF THE CHUKOH. 245
point, when he said he would call a council this evening.
At seven p. m., the First Presidency, the Twelve,
Bishop Miller, Levi Richards, W. W. Phelps, and Lucian
Woodworth assembled in the Mayor's office, when W. W.
Phelps read the following pacific communication, which I
had previously dictated him to write : —
A Friendly Hint to Missouri.
One of the most pleasing scenes that can occur on earth, when a
sin has been committed by one person against another, is, to forgive
that sin; and then according to the sublime and perfect pattern of the
Savior, pray to our Father in heaven to forgive him also.
Verily, verily, such a friendly rebuke is like the mellow zephyr of
summer's eve — it soothes, it cheers and gladdens the heart of the hu-
mane and the savage. Well might the wise man exclaim, "A soft
answer turn eth away wrath; " for men of sense, judgment, and observa-
tion, in all the various periods of time, have been witnesses, figura-
tively speaking, that water, not wood, checks the rage of fire.
Jesus said: "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called
the children of God." Wherefore if the nation, a single State, com-
munity, or family ought to be grateful for anything, it is peace.
Peace, lovely child of heaven! — peace like light from the same great
parent, gratifies, animates, and happifies the just and the unjust, and
is the very essence of happiness below, and bliss above.
He that does not strive with all his powers of body and mind, with
all his influence at home and abroad, and to cause others to do so too —
to seek peace and maintain it for his own benefit and convenience, and
for the honor of his State, nation, and country, has no claim on the
clemency of man; nor should he be entitled to the friendship of woman
or the protection of government.
He is the canker-worm to gnaw his own vitals; and the vulture to
prey upon his own body; and he is, as to his own prospects and pros-
perity in life, a telo-de-se of his own pleasure.
A community of such beings are not far from hell on earth, and should
be let alone as unfit for the smiles of the free or praise of the brave.
But the peacemaker, give ear to him! for the words of his mouth
and his doctrine drop like the rain, and distil as the dew. They are
like the gentle mist upon the herbs, and as the moderate shower upon
the grass.
Animation, virtue, love, contentment, philanthropy, benevolence,
compassion, humanity and friendship push life into bliss: and men, a
246 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D.1844.
little below the angels, exercising their powers, privileges, and know-
ledge according to the order, rules, and regulations of revelation, by
Jesus Christ, dwell together in unity; and the sweet odor that is wafted
by the breath of joy and satisfaction from their righteous communion is
like the rich perfume from the consecrated oil that was poured upon
the head of Aaron, or like the luscious fragrance that rises from the
field of Arabian spices. Yea, more, the voice of the peacemaker —
It is like the music of the spheres —
It charms our souls and calms our fears;
It turns the world to Paradise,
And men to pearls of greater price.
So much to preface this friendly hint to the state of Missouri: for,
notwithscanding some of her private citizens and public officers have
committed violence, robbery, and even murder upon the rights and per-
sons of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, yet compassion,
dignity, and a sense of the principles of religion among all classes, and
honor and benevolence, mingled with charity by high-minded patriots,
lead me to suppose that there are many worthy people in that state who
will use their influence and energies to bring about a settlement of all
those old difficulties, 'and use all consistent meant> to urge the State, for
ber honor, prosperity, "and good name, to restore every person she or
her citizens have expelled from her limits, to their rights, and pav them
all damage, that the great body of high-minded and well-disposed
Southern and Western gentlemen and ladies — the real peace-makers of
a western world, will go forth — good Samaritan-like, and pour in the oil
and the wine, till all that can be healed are made whole; and after
repentance, they shall be forgiven; for verily the Scriptures say, "Joy
shall be in heaven over one sinner that repents, more than over ninety-
and-nine just persons that need no repentance."
Rowing the fallibility of man, considering the awful responsibility of
rejecting the cries of the innocent, confident in the virtue and patriot-
ism of the noble-minded Western men, tenacious of their character and
standing, too high to'jstoop to disgraceful acts, and too proud to tol-
erate meanness in others; yea, may, I not say, without boasting that
the best blood of the West, united with the honor of the illus-
trious fathers of freedom, will move, as the forest is moved by a mighty
wind, to promote peace and friendship in every part of our wide-spread,
lovely country.
Filled with a love almost unspeakable, and moved by a desire pleas-
ant as the dew of (heaven, 1 supplicate not only our Father above, but
also the civil, the enlightened, the intelligent, the social, and the best
inhabitants of Missouri — those that feel bound by principles of honor,
justice, moral greatness, and national pride, to arise in the character of
A.D. 18441 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 247
virtuous freemen from the disgrace and reproach that might inadver-
tantly blur their good names, for want of self-preservation.
Now is the time to brush off the monster that, incubus-like, seems
hanging upon the reputation of the wnole State. A little exertion, and
the infamy of the evil will blacken the guilty only, for is it not written,
"The tree is known by its fruit?''
The voice of reason, the voice of humanity, the voice of the nation,
and the voice of Heaven seem to say to the honest and virtuous through-
out the State of Missouri, wash yourselves, make you clean, lest your
negligence should be taken by the world, from the mass of facts before
it, that you are guilty!
Let there be one unison of hearts for justice; and when you reflect
around your own firesides, remember that fifteen thousand once among
you, now not, but who are just as much entitled to the privileges and
blessings you enjoy as yourselves, like the widow before the unjust
judge, are fervently praying for their rights.
When you meditate upon the massacre at Haun's mill, forget not that
the Constitution of your State holds this broad truth to the world, that
none shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, but by the judge-
ment of his peers or the law of the land.
And when you assemble together in towns, counties, or districts,
whether to petition your legislature to pay the damage the Saints have
sustained in your State, by reason of oppression and misguided zeal, or
to restore them to their rights according to Republican principles and
benevolent designs, reflect, and make honorable, or annihilate, such
statute law as was in force in your state in 1838, — viz: "If twelve or
more persons shall combine to levy war against any part of the people
of this state, or to remove [them] forcibly out of the state or from their
habitations, evidenced by taking arms and assembling to accomplish
such purpose, every person so offending shall be punished by imprison-
ment in the Penitentiary for a period not exceeding five years, or by
a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars and imprisonment in the
county jail not exceeding six months.
Finally, if honor dignifies an honest people, if virtue exalts a com-
muity, if wisdom guides great men, if principle governs intelligent
beings, if humanity spreads comfort among the needy, and if
religion affords consolation by showing tnat charity is the first, best
and sweetest token of perfect love, then, ye good people of Missouri,
like the woman in Scripture who had lost one of her ten pieces of sil-
ver, arise, search diligently till you find the lost piece, and then make a
feast, and call in your friends for joy.
With due consideration, I am the friend of all good men,
Joseph Smith.
Nauvoo, III., March 8, 1844.
<
248 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
Brother George A. Smith brought the information that
st. Louis Brother Farnnam had just returned from St.
tV^PrTphet's Louis, ana 1 said the people in that place were
Candidacy. saying, '^Things have come to a strange pass.
If Joe Smith is elected President, he will raise- the d«vil
with Missouri; and if he is not elected, he will raise the
devil anyhow."
It was agreed that Colonel Solomon Copeland, living at
copeiand of Paris, Benry county, Tennessee, should be
considered as written \q on the subject of the Vice-Presi-
Candidatefor dency . and that E ' lder Wilford Woodruff
President. should write the letter, and invite him to visit
us, and see if he would suffer his name to run for that
office. ^> ,
Saturday, 9. — Met in the City Council, and gave my
reasons in favor of the repeal of the hog law. [The sub-
ject was discussed at some length.]
Council adjourned for one hour. In the afternoon City
Council rejected the petition to repeal the hog law.
I proposed to license Hyrum Kimball and Mr. Morrison ,
who own the land opposite to the wharf, to make wharves
and collect wharfage ; then the city can dis-
wharfage. pense with a wharf-master; that Kimball and
Morrison pay a tax for the landing of every
boat; and they could tax the boat, or not, as they liked.
The Female Relief Society met twice in the assembly
room, and sanctioned "The Voice of Innocence From
Nauvoo," and then adjourned for one week to accommo-
date others who could not get into the room at either of
the meetings.
Our worthy brother, King Follett, died this morning, )
occasioned by the accidental breaking of a
K^gFonett. rope, and the falling of a bucket of rock upon
him while engaged in walling up a well, and
the men above were in the act of lowering the rock to
him.
A.D. 1844| HISTOKY OF THE CHUECH. 243
KING FOLLETT BIOGRAPHY.
Elder Follett was one of those who bore the burden, in common
with others of his brethren, in the days when men's faith was put to
the test. He was a native of Vermont, and moved many years since
into Cuyahoga county, Ohio.
There, for the first time, he heard the Gospel preached, united with
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the spring of 1831,
and has been a sharer in the afflictions through which the Saints have
passed from that time until the time of his death.
He shared in the violence of Missouri persecution, was cast into
prison, and endured many months' imprisonment; and, after long
delay, obtained a trial on the charges preferred against him, and was
honorably discharged, being acquitted of all the crimes with which a
band of wicked persecutors could charge him
All the persecutions he endured only tended to strengthen his faith
and confirm his hope; and he died as he had lived, rejoicing in the
hope of future felicity.
Having united with the Church in the forty-first year of his age, he
filled up the prime of his life in the service of his God, and went to rest
in his fifty-sixth year, being fifty-five years, seven months, and four-
teen days old when he slept the sleep of death. — v
So the righteous pass, and so they sleep, until the mandate of Him
for whom they suffer and in whom they trust shall call them forth to
glory, honor, immortality and eternal life.
Sunday, 10. — Frost in the night; beautiful day. South
wind.
Brother King Follett was buried this day with Masonic
honors.
I attended meeting at the stand, and preached on the
subject of Elias, Elijah, and Messiah. [A sketch of which
was reported by Elder Wilford Woodruff, as follows]: —
Discourse of the Prophet. — Elias, Elijah, Messiah.
There is a difference between the spirit and office of Elias and
Elijah. It is the spirit of Elias I wish first to speak of; and in order
to come at the subject, I will bring some of the testimony from the
Scripture and give my own.
In the first place, suffice it to say, I went into the woods to inquire of
250 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. TA.D. 1844
the Lord, by prayer, His will concerning me, and I saw an angel, and
he laid his hands upon my head, and ordained me to a Priest after the
order of Aaron, and to hold the keys of this Priesthood, which office
was to preach repentance and baptism for the remission of sins, and
also to baptize. But I was informed that this office did not extend to
the laying on of hands for the giving of the Holy Ghost; that that
office was a greater work, and was to be given afterward; but that my
ordination was a preparatory work, or a going before, which was the
spirit of Elias; for the spirit of Elias was a going before to prepare the
way for the greater, which was the case with John the Baptist. He
came crying through the wilderness, "Prepare ye the way of the Lord,
make his paths straight." And they were informed, if they could
receive it, it was the spirit of Elias; and John was very particular to
tell the people, he was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of
that Light.
He told the people that his mission was to preach repentance and
baptize with water; but it was He that should come after him that
should baptize with fire and the Holy Ghost.
If he had been an imposter, he might have gone to work beyond his
bounds, and undertook to have performed ordinances which did no* -
belong to that office and calling, under the spirit of Elias.
The spirit of Elias is to prepare the way for a greater revelation of
^■^^God, which is the Priesthood of Elias, or the Priesthood that Aaron was
ordained unto. And when God sends a man into the world to prepare
for a greater work, holding the keys of the power of Elias, it was
called the doctrine of Elias, even from the early ages of the world.
John's mission was limited to preaching and baptizing; but what he
did was legal; and when Jesus Christ came to any of John's disciples,
He baptized them with fire and the Holy Ghost.
We find the apostles endowed with greater power than John: their
office was more under the spirit and power of Elijah than Elias.
In the case of Phillip when he went down to Samaria, when he was
under the spirit of Elias, he baptized both men and women. When
Peter and John heard of it, they went down and laid hands upon them,
and they received the Holy Ghost. This shows the distinction between
the two powers.
When Paul came to certain disciples, he asked if they had received
the Holy Ghost? They said, No. Who baptized you, then? We were
baptized unto John's baptism. No, you were not baptized unto John's
baptism, or you would have been baptized by John. And so Paul
went and baptized them, for he knew what the true doctrine was, and
he knew that John had not baptized them. And these principles are
A.D. 1844| HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH.
strange to me. that men who have read the Scriptures of the New Tes-
tament are so far from it.
What I want to impress upon your minds is the difference of power
in the different parts of the Priesthood, so that when any man comes
among you, saying, "I have the spirit of Elias," you can know
whether he be true or false; for any man that comes, having the spirit
and power of Elias, he will not transcend his bounds.
John did not transcend his bounds, but faithfully performed that
part belonging to his office; and every portion of the great building
should be prepared right and assigned to its proper place; and it is nec-
essary to know who holds the keys of power, and who does not, or we
may be likely to be deceived. ___^-
That person who holds the keys of Elias hath a preparatory work.
But if 1 spend much more time in conversing about the spirit of Elias,
I shall not have time to do justice to the spirit and power of Elijah.
This is the Elias spoken of in the last days, and here is the rock
upon which many split, thinking the time was past in the days of John
and Christ, and no more to be. But the spirit of Elias was revealed to
me, and I know it is true; therefore I speak with boldness, for I know
verily my doctrine is true.
Now for Elijah. The spirit, power, and calling of Elijah is, that ye
aave power to hold the key of the revelation, ordinances, oracles, powers
and endowments of the fullness of the Melchisedec Priesthood and__of
the kingdom of God on the earth; and to receive, obtain, and perform
all the ordinances belonging to the kingdom of God, even unto the turn-
ing of the hearts of the fathers unto the children, and the hearts of the
children unto the fathers, even those who are in heaven.
Malachi says, "I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming
of the great and dreadful day of the Lord: and he shall turn the heart
of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their
fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse."
Now, what I am after is the knowledge of God, and I take my own
course to obtain it. What are we to understand by this in the last
days?
In the days of Noah, God destroyed the world by a flood, and He has
promised to destroy it by fire in the last days: but before it should take
place, Elijah should first come and turn the hearts of the fathers to the
children, &c.
Now comes the point. What is this office and work of Elijah? It is
one of the greatest and most important subjects that God has revealed.
He should send Elijah to seal the children to the fathers, and the fath-
ers to the children.
Now was this merely confined to the living, to settle difficulties with
252 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A D. 1844
families on earth? By no means. It was a far greater work. Elijah!
what would you do if you were here? Would you confine your work to
the living alone? No; I would refer you to the Scriptures, where the
Subject is manifest: that is, without us, they could not be made per-
fect, nor we without them; the fathers without the children, nor the
children without the fathers.
I wish you to understand this subject, for it is important; and if you
will receive it, this is the spirit of Elijah, that we redeem our dead, and 7
connect ourselves with our fathers which are in heaven, and seaTup our
dead to comeTorth~in the first resurrection;and here we want the power
of Elijah to seal those who dwell on earth to those who dwell in
f-— heavenJ This is the power of Elijah and the keys of the kingdom of )
Jghovah.
Let us suppose a case. Suppose the great God who dwells in heaven
should reveal Himself to Father Cutler here, by the opening heavens,
and tell him, "I offer up a decree that whatsoever you seal on earth
with your decree, I will seal it in heaven; you have the power then;
can it be taken off? No. Then what you seal onearih, by the keys of
Elijah, is sealed in heaven; and this is the-power of Elijah, and this is
the difference .between the spirit and power of Elias and Elijah; for
while the spirit of Elias is a forerunner, the power of Elijah is sufficient
to make our calling and election sure; and the same doctrine, where
we are exhorted to go on to perfection, not laying again the foundation
of repentance from dead works, and of laying on of hands, ressurection
of the dead, &c.
We cannot be perfect without the fathers, &c. We must have reve-
lation from them, and we can see that the doctrine of revelation far
transcends the doctrine of no revelation; for one truth revealed
from heaven is worth all the sectarian notions in existence.
This spirit of Elijah was manifest in the days of the apostles, in
delivering certain ones to the buffetings of Satan, that they might be
saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. They were sealed by the spirit of
Elijah unto the damnation of hell until the day of the Lord, or revela-
tion of Jesus Christ.
Here is the doctrine of election thai the world has quarreled so much
about; but they do not know anything about it.
The doctrine that the Presbyterians and Methodists have quarreled
so much about — once in grace, always in grace, or falling away from
grace, I will say a word about. They are both wrong. Truth takes a
road between them both, for while the Presbyterian says "once in
grace, you cannot fall;" the Methodist says: "You can have grace
today, fall from it to-morrow, next day have grace again; and so follow
on, changing continually." But the doctrine of the Scriptures and the
A.D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 253
spirit of Elijah would show them both false, and take a road between
them both; for, according to the Scripture, if men have received the
good word of God, and tasted of the powers of the world to come, if
they shall fall away, it is impossible to renew them again, seeing they
have crucified the Son of God afresh, and put Him to an opeu shame;
so there is a possibility of falling away; you could not be renewed
again, and the power of Elijah cannot seal against this sin, for this is a
reserve made in the seals and power of the Priesthood.
* I will make every doctrine plain that I present, and it shall stand
upon a firm basis, and I am at the defiance of the world, for I will take
shelter under the broad cover of the wings of the work in which I am
engaged. It matters not to me if all hell boils over; I regard it only as
I would the crackling of the thorns under a pot.
A murderer, for instance, one that sheds innocent blood, cannot have
forgiveness. David sought repentance at the hand of God carefully
with tears, for the murder of Uriah; but he could only get it through
hell: he got a promise that his soul should not be left in hell.
Although David was a king, he never did obtain the spirit and power
of Elijah and the fullness of the Priesthood; and the Priesthood that
he received, and the throne and kingdom of David is to be taken from
him and given to another by the name of David in the last days, raised
up out of his lineage.
Peter referred to the same subject on the day of Pentecost, but the
multitude did not get the endowment that Peter had; but several days
after, the people asked "What shall we do?" Peter says, "1 would ye
had done it ignorantly,"' speaking of crucifying the Lord, &c. He did
not say to them, "Repent and be baptized, for the remission of
your sins;" but he said, "Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that
your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come
from the presence of the Lord.' ; (Acts iii. 19.)
This is the case with murderers. They could not be baptized for the
remission of sins for they had shed innocent blood.
Again: The doctrine or sealing power of Elijah is as follows: — If
you have power to seal on earth and in heaven, then we should be wise.
The first thing you do, go and seal on earth your sons and daughters
unto yourself, and yourself unto your fathers in eternal glory. * *
* * I will walk through the gate of heaven and claim what
I seal, and those that follow me and my counsel.
The Lord once told me that what I asked for I should have. I have
been afraid to ask God to kill my enemies, lest some of them should,
perad venture, repent.
r I asked a short time since for the Lord to deliver me out of the hands
_j/. the Governor of Missouri, and if it needs must be to accomplish it, to
J"
254 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
take him away; and the next news that came pouring down from there
was, that Governor Reynolds had shot himself. And I would now say,
"Beware, earth, how you fight against the Saints of God and shed
innocent blood; for in the days of Elijah, his enemies came upon him,
and fire was called down from heaven and destroyed them.
, (The spirit of Elias is first, Elijah second, and Messiah last. Elias is
a forerunner to prepare the way, and the spirit and power of Elijah is
to come after, holding the keys of power, building tbe Temple to the
capstone, placing the seals of the Melchisedee Priesthood upon the
house of Israel, and making all things ready; then Messiah comes to
His Temple, which is last of all. A-
Messiah is above the spirit and power of Elijah, for He made Ihe
world, and was that spiritual rock unto Moses in the wilderness. ^Eli-
jah was to come and prepare the way and build up the kingdom before
the coming of the great day of the Lord, although the spirit of Elias
might begin it^y
I have asked of the Lord concerning His coming; and while asking
the Lord, He gave a sign and said, "In the days of Noah I seta bow in
the heavens as a sign and token that in any year that the bow should be
seen the Lord would not come; but there should be seed time and har-
vest during that year: but whenever you see the bow withdrawn, it
shall be a token that there shall be famine, pestilence, and great dis-
tress among the nations, and that the coming of the Messiah is not far
distant.
But I will take the responsibility upon myself to prophesy in the name
of the Lord, that Christ will not come this year, as Father Miller has
prophesied, for we have seen the bow; and I also prophesy, in the
name of the Lord, that Christ will not come in forty years; and if God
ever spoke by my mouth, He will not come in that length of time.
Brethren, when you go home, write this down, that it may be remem-
bered.
Jesus Christ never did reveal to any man the precise time that He
would come. Go and read the Scriptures, and you cannot find any-
thing that specifies the exact hour He would come; and all that say so
are false teachers.
There are some important things concerning the office of the Mes-
siah in the organization of the world, which I will speak of hereafter,
May God Almighty bless you and pour out His Spirit upon you. is the
prayer of your unworthy servant. Amen.
At half-past three p. m., I met with the Twelve, Bishop
Miller and the Temple Committee, in the Nanvoo Mansion
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 255
The following letter from Lyman Wight and others was
read : —
Letter: — Lyman Wight to the First Presidency — Preaching the Gospel to
the Indians and Proposing to Migrate to Texas.
Black Kiver Falls, Feb. 15, 1844.
To the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Iwelve of the Church of
Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Dear Brethren, — Through the goodness and mercy of God, the
Eternal Father, and grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, we are
permitted to write and send by a special messenger a concise account
of our lumbering operations, together with the apparent prospects of
the introduction and spread of the Gospel among the Chippewa and
Menomanee Indians, and also the projects of our hearts in regard to
future operations in spreading the Gospel south in all the extent of
America, and the consequences growing out of the same, all of which we
beg leave to submit to your consideration that we may have your con-
currence, or such views as shall be in accordance with the mind and
will of the Lord, and govern ourselves in accordance therewith.
Since we have been here lumbering, we have had many difficulties to
encounter; but the main hindrance to our successful operations was the
feeding, clothing, and transporting a great many lazy, idle men, who
have not produced anything by their pretended labor, and thus 'eating
up all that the diligent and honest could produce by their unceasing
application to labor; and we have not yet got entirely clear of such
persons.
But under all these mighty clogs and hindrances, we have been able
to accomplish and have in progress, so that we can deliver in Nauvoo
about one million feet of lumber by the last of July next, which will be
a great deal more than what is necessary to build the Temple and the
Nauvoo House. Besides all this, we have made valuable improvements
here, — all the result of much labor done under trying circumstances.
We have recently ascertained that the lands from the falls of Black
River to its sources are the property of the Menomanee Indians, and the
general government having urged them to move off the lands in the
vicinity of Green Bay to their own lands. The Indians say they will,
provided the Government will remove all strange Indians and trespass-
ing white men off their lands; consequently, tht, agent and superintend-
ent of Indian Affairs are taking such steps as will stop all further
trespassing on the Indian lands, on the Wisconsin, Black and Chippewa
rivers, under the penalties of the laws relative to the cases.
256 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
We sent Brothers Miller and Daniels, in company with the principal
chief of the Menomanee Indians, overland to the Wisconsin river, to
ascertain more about the matter. They saw the agent; found him a
gruff, austere man, determined to stop all trespassing on Indian lands.
The Indians are willing to sell privileges to individuals for lumber-
ing and cutting timber, as they have hitherto done; but the agent is
opposed to it. Thus a difficulty arises between themselves.
Now, as regards the introduction of the Gospel of Christ among the
Indians here, it will require more exertion, to all appearances, to check
the enthusiastic ardor of these our red brethren, until the full principles
of faith in our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ shall be reasoned into their
minds, than to urge them on to receive it. They have great confi-
dence in us.
The country belonging to these northern Indians is a dreary, cold
region, and to a great extent, cranberry marshes, pine barrens, and
swamps, with a small amount of good lands, scarce of game, and only
valuable in mill privileges and facilities for lumbering purposes.
As to mineral resources, they have not been fully developed. There
is no doubt as to the abundance of iron ore, but uncertain as to quality.
; Now, under all these circumstances, a few of us here have arrived at
this conclusion in our minds (such as can undergo all things,) — that as
the Gospel has not been fully opened in all the South and Southwestern
States, as also Texas, Mexico, Brazil, &c, together with the West In-
dian Islands, having produced lumber enough to build the Temple and
Nauvoo House, — also having an influence over the Indians, so as to
induce them to sell their lands to the United States, and go to a climate
southwest, (all according to the policy of the U. S. Government), — and
having also become convinced that the Church at Nauvoo or in the
Eastern States will not build the Nauvoo House according to the com-
mandment, neither the Temple in a reasonable time, and that we have,
so far as we have made trials, got means in the south, — we have in our
minds to go to the table-lands of Texas, to a point we may find to be the
most eligible, there locate, and let it be a place of gathering for all the
South (they being incumbered with that unfortunate race of beings,
the negroes) ; and for us to employ our time and talents in gathering
together means to build according to the commandments of our God,
and spread the Gospel to the nations according to the will of our Heav-
enly Father. We, therefore, our beloved brethren, send our worthy
Brother Young, with a few of our thoughts, on paper, that you may
take the subject-matter under consideration, and return us such instruc-
tions as may be according to the mind and will of the Lord our God.
We have thought it best to sell the mills here, if you think it expedi-
ent. We feel greatly encouraged to spend and be spent in the cause
of Christ, according to the will of our Heavenly Father.
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 257
You will, therefore, after due deliberation, send us, by the hands of
Brother Young, such instructions as may be the result of your delib-
erations.
Holding ourselves ready under all circumstances in life to try to do
all things whatsoever commanded or instructed to do by those ordained
to direct the officers of the Church of Jesus Christ; subscribing our-
selves yours truly, while life shall endure,
Lyman Wight,
George Miller,
Phineas R. Bird
Pierce Hawley,
John Young.
Select Committee to write expressly the views of the branch of the
Church at Black River Falls.
Joseph Smith, P. C.
Brigham Young, P. T.
Willard Richards, Clerk.
Also a letter to myself from Lyman Wight and others —
Letter: — Lyman Wight to President Joseph Smith — Suggesting a South-
west Movement jor the Church.
Black River Falls, Wisconsin Territory,
February 15th, 1844.
To Joseph Smith, President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints, and to the Iwelve Apostles, greeting: —
Believing a concert of action in all things in this Church to be highly
important, we deem it necessary, under existing circumstances, to make
you acquainted with our views, feelings, and temporal and spiritual
prospects, as they now exist.
We wrote you last fall a full and complete description of this country
as high as the falls on Black River, without exaggeration, giving a
slight description of the Pinery.
With the exception of several renegadoes and false brethren, things
passed smoothly until some time in the month of January, when we were
vifited by three different tribes of Lamanites upon the most friendly
terms, receiving us as their counselors, both temporal and spiritual.
The names of those tribes are Menomanees, Chippewa, and Winne-
bagoes. They informed us that all the land above the falls belongs to
the Menomanee tribe, and that the agents and the governor, the gen-
17 Vol. VT.
258 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
eral agent in the northwest of all the Indian affairs, had agreed with
them to remove all the lumbermen from Black River, Chippewa, and
Lemanware rivers, by their request; but after a lengthy conversation
with them, they felt to treat us as their friends, and not their enemies.
We dispatched two mossengers — namely, George Miller and Cyrus
Daniels, to go immediately to Wisconsin, where they met with the
agent, who gave them to understand we could get the timber, which is
already cut, at a reasonable rate, and for any future prospect we will
be under the necessity of entering into a contract.
We calculate the present prospect for lumber betwixt this and the
last of July next will be from eight to twelve hundred thousand feet,
which we deem will be all sufficient to finish the two houses, which will
accomplish the mission on which we started to this country.
We, therefore, as a brahch and a member of the body of the Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints chose the following committee —
namely, Lyman Wight, George Miller, Pierce Hawley, Phineas R.
Bird and John Young, to correspond with your reverend council, giv-
ing you our views concerning matters and things, and requesting your
counsel on the same.
This committee views it inexpedient to purchase standing timber on
so rapid and unnavigable a stream for the purpose of making lumber
to gain wealth.
The Lamanites owning this land, notwithstanding their great anxiety
to receive the Gospel and the Book of Mormon, have a strong desire, if
counseled by us so to do, to go south-west, where game is more plenti-
ful as their only resource here for a living is the pitiful annuities and
proceeds from their pine timber, which timber is the only inducement
to the Government to purchase their lands.
This committe is therefore led to take a brief view of the south and
western part of North America, together with the Floridas, Texas,
West India Islands, and the adjacent islands to the Gulf of Mexico,
together with the Lamanites bordering on the United Territories from
Green Bay to the Mexican Gulf, all crying with ono voice, through the
medium of their chiefs, Give us an understanding of your doctrine and
principles, for we perceive that your ways are equal, and your right-
eousness far exceeds the righteousness of all the missionaries that we
have yet become acquainted with, — that your conduct with one another
is like that of ours, and that all your feasts and attendant ceremonies
are precisely like ours.
Your servants, the committee, have viewed the Colorado river, with
all its beautiful hills and valleys and fertile soil, with deep regret, when
viewing the countless thousands of inhabitants on either side thereof,
without the knowledge of God or the doctrine of the Church of Jesus
A.D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 259
Christ of Latter-day Saints, and say in their hearts, Would it be expe-
dient to form a mission of those true and full-blooded Ephraimites, who,
from principle, and the love of the truth, have borne the most extreme
burdens, fatigue, and hunger, to prosecute the mission, to procure lum
ber sufficient to build the two houses, to open the door to all the regions
which we have named, which regions have never yet had an opportunity
to hear the Gospel and to be made acquainted with the plan of salva-
tion? or shall they continue to suffer the fatigues of hunger, wet and
cold, in a rigid, inclement climate, for the pitiful sum that it shall
avail them, after undergoing those hazardous perils? or shall they, like
Timothy and Titus, with Paul, hazard the perils of the sea and land
through the Southern States and West India Islands, and all the Laman -
ite world, go forth and proclaim to them the Gospel of our Lord and
Savior Jesus Christ, and teach them to build up Zion?
Are there not thousands of the rich planters who would embrace the
Gospel, and, if they had a place to plant their slaves, give all the pro-
ceeds of their yearly labor, if rightly taught, for building up the king-
dom, being directed by the President of the whole Church to make the
right application? We answer, Yes, we believe they would.
Your servants, the committee, are of the opinion that a concerted and
reciprocity of action between the North and the South would greatly
advance the building up of the kingdom.
The committee is well informed of the Cherokee and the Chocktaw
nations who live between the state of Arkansas and the Colorado river
of the Texans, owning large plantations and thousands of slaves, and
that they are also very desirous to have an interview with the Elders of
this Church, upon the principles of the Book of Mormon.
This committee is of the opinion that they can choose soldiers for
this expedition who are as undeviating in the principles of the doctrine
of Christ and the Book of Mormon as the sun in his daily course, and
as indefatigable in their exertions in this cause as the earth is in its
daily revolution.
This committee views it as a matter of investigation, whether would
the Southerner, with his slaves and abundance of wealth, do better to
ake them to some slave-holding point, keep them in lively exer-
cise according to his former customs and habits turning
over his yearly proceeds into the hands of the Trustee-in-
Trust for the whole Church, or to abolish slavery and settle himself in
a climate uncongenial to his nature and entirely derogatory to his
former occupations in life?
After having procured the lumber for those two houses, the committee
is of the opinion that the preaching of the Gospel and raising funds
260 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
in the south would be a far more speedy way of accomplishing the
work than any other that could be introduced at the present time.
We, your servants, therefore, will wait patiently the result of your
council, and submit ourselves to the same with all cheerfulness, our
only object being to advance the cause and kingdom of God, stand
ready to take hold wherever your wise council may consider it to be of
the most advantage.
This committee view with deep regret the many different teachings
this Church has received concerning the distribution of their property,
such as raising funds for the printing of tracts, evidences of the Book
of Mormon, and pamphlets of various descriptions, which we consider
has not advanced the cause in the least degree, but has tended directly
to sap the foundation of building the houses.
We therefore believe that no person embracing the doctrine of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints should give any part or
parcel of the property without a direct counsel, written or oral, from
the First Presidency of the Church.
Whereas the committee having appointed George Miller and Lyman
Wight to write the views of the committee, each wrote separate and
apart, having laid the same before the committee, the committee
resolved that both productions be sent without alterations.
We, the committee, conclude by subscribing ourselves your friends
and well-wishers in the Lord, praying a speedy answer from your
worth v council, or the word of the Lord.
J Lyman Wight,
George Miller,
Phineas R. Bird,
Pierce Hawley,
John Young,
Select Committee to write expressing the views of the branch of
the Church at Black River Falls.
Joseph Smith, Sen., P. C.
Brigham Young, P. T.
Willard Richards, Clerk.
The brethren went into council on the subject matter
of the letters during the evening.
Monday 11.— At home till nine; then spent the day in
council in the lodge room over Henry Miller's house.
Special Council Meeting on Wight and Miller Letters.
Present— Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, Heber C.
Kimball, Willard Richards, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John Taylor,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 261
George A. Smith, William W. Phelps, John M. Bernhisel, Lucien
Woodworth, George Miller, Alexander Badlam, Peter Haws, Erastus
Snow, Reynolds Cahoon, Amos Fielding, Alpheus Cutler, Levi Rich-
ards, Newel K. Whitney, Lorenzo D. Wasson, and William Clayton,
whom I organized into a special council, to take into consideration the
subject matter contained in the above letters, and also the best policy
for this people to adopt to obtain their rights from the nation and insure
protection for themselves and children; and to secure a resting place in
the mountains, or some uninhabited region, where we can enjoy the
liberty of conscience guaranteed to us by the Constitution of our coun-
try, rendered doubly sacred by the precious blood of our fathers, and
denied to us by the present authorities, who have smuggled themselves
into power in the States and Nation.
262 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
CHAPTER XL
ORSON PRATT SENT TO WASHINGTON AS AGENT OF NAUVOO —
AMOS FIELDING TO ENGLAND, DITTO — COMMENT ON THE
CANDIDACY OF JOSEPH SMITH I OR PRESIDENT OF THE U.
S — CONSPIRACIES OF THE LAWS, HIGBEES, FOSTERS, ET
AL. AGAINST JOSEPH SMITH — THE PROPHET 's MEMORIAL
TO CONGRESS — OCCUPATION OF THE WEST CONTEM-
PLATED.
Tuesday, March 12, 1844. — At home in the morning.
At eleven a. m., I told Brother Cole I wanted the room
over the store for more important purposes, and wished
him to remove the school to Henry Miller's house imme-
diately; which he did.
The brethren who were in council with me yesterday
assembled there in the afternoon and evening.
Gave the following recommend to Elder Orson Pratt.
Credentials of Orson Pratt as Agent for the City of Nauvoo.
City of Nauvoo, Illinois, March 12, 1844.
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN : —
We, the mayor and recorder of said city, do hereby certify that
Orson Pratt, Esq., the bearer, a councilor in city council of said citv,
is seat as an agent by the authorities of said city or corporation to
transact such business as he may deem expedient and beneficial for the
community which he represents; and as such agent and gentlemau of
prirciple and character, he by us is recommended to the due consider-
ation of all the executive officers of the government, both houses of
Congress, and gentlemen generally of the United States.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and affixed the
seal of said corporation at the time and place aforesaid.
[corporation seal.]
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Willard Richards, Recorder.
A. L). 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 263
<w
A dull cloudy day.
A meeting of the inhabitants of the Tenth ward was
leld this evening at the schoolhouse on the hill, in Parley
street, to take into consideration the propriety
. • ■ i n Co-operative
of establishing a store en the principle of co- store
operation or reciprocity. The subject was
fully investigated, and the benefits of such an institution
clearly pointed out.
The plan proposed for carrying out the object of the
meeting was by shares of five dollars each.
The leading feature of the institution was to give em -
ployinent to our own mechanics, by supplying the raw-
material, and manufacturing all sorts of domestic goods,
and furnishing the necessaries and comforts of life on the
lowest possible terms.
A committee was appointed to draft a plan for the gov-
ernment of said institute, to be submitted for adoption or
amendment at their next meeting; after which an adjourn-
ment took place till next Tuesday evening, at half-past
six o'clock, at the same place. ^^>
Wednesday, 13. — In special council from nine to twelve
a. m. Orson Hyde, Wilford Woodruff and James Em-
mett were present, in addition to those of the preceding
day. Willard Eichards was appointed historian, and Wil-
liam Clayton clerk of the council .
It was decided that Amos Fielding should return to
England, when I and my brother Hyrum gave him the
following letter of attorney: —
Credentials of Elder Amos Fielding on Departing for England.
''This is to certify that the bearer thereof, our worthy brother Elder
Amos Fielding, hath been appointed by the First Presidency of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, our agent, to transact such
business as may be deemed necessary for the benefit of said Church,
and such as he shall see proper throughout the island of Great
Britain. •
He is hereby authorized to receive moneys for the Temple in Nauvoo,
264 HISTORY OF THE CHUKCH. [A. D. 1844
the poor, or for the Church; and the brethren will be safe should they
deposit money in his bands for any purpose pertaining to the Church
business in this place.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and placed the
corporation seal of City of Nauvoo this 13th day of March, A. D. 1844.
[corporation seal.] Joseph Smith,
Hyrum Smith,
Presiding Elders of the whole Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints.
Thursday, 14. — In special council over the store from
nine till one.
At two, went to see Brother John Wilkie. He had sent
to me to come and see him. He wanted to know what he
should do. I told him of the order of tithing, &c, and he
wanted I should come again.
At four, went to assembly room again. Lucien Wood-
worth sent on a mission to Texas. At seven, adjourned
to next Tuesday, at nine, a. m.
Friday 15. — Dull, cloudy day, north wind. Frosty
night. Spent the day in council.
Beiug in a strait to raise money to assist the hands in
the Pine country, I sent Elders Brigham and Willard
Richards to borrow some money from Mr. Orme, who, it
is believed, had a large sum of money lying idle, but they
did not get any.
I copy from the Law of the Lord : —
John Wilkie. The Blessing of the Prophet upon Him.
"This day President Joseph Smith rode over to Brotner John Wil-
kie's at his special request, to give him some instructions relative to his
duty in regard to tithing and consecration.
Brother Wilkie has for a long time back been struggling with his
feelings, designing to do right, but laboring under many fears and pre-
judices, in consequence of having in some degree given way to believe
the base reports circulated by individuals for the purpose of injuring:
the authorities of the Church, and also from various other causes. His
faithful companion has persevered diligently, and with fervent prayer
has called upon God in his behalf, until she has realized her utmost
wishes.
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 265
Brother Wilkie now feels anxious to do right in all things, and espe-
cially to pay his tithing to the fall. President Joseph showed him the
principles of consecration and the means whereby he might realize the
fullness of the blessings of the celestial kingdom; and as an evidence
that he desired to do right, he paid over to the Trustee-in-Trustthe sum
of three hundred dollars in gold and silver for the benefit of the Tem-
ple, and which is now recorded on consecration.
He also signified his intention of paving more as soon as he could get
matters properly arranged. The president then pronounced a blessing
upon him and his companion, that they should have the blessing of God
to attend them in their basket and in their store — that they should have
the blessing of health and salvation and long life, inasmuch as they
would continue to walk in obedience to the commandments of God.
May the Lord grant his Spirit and peace to abide upon Brother "Wil-
kie and his companion through the remainder of their days; may their
hearts expand and become enlarged to receive the fullness of the bless-
ings of the kingdom of heaven; may ttiey have the light of eternal
truth continually springing up in them like a well of living water; may
they be shielded from the powers of Satan and the influence of design-
ing men, and their faith increase from day to day until they shall have
power to lay hold on the blessings of God and the gifts of the Spirit
until they are satisfied: and, finally, may they live to a good old age;
and when they have lived while they desire life, may they die in peace
and be received into the mansions of eternal life, and enjoy a celestial
glory forever and ever! Even so, amen.
The editors of the Times and Seasons published a short
account of "Our City and the Present Aspect of Affairs,"
which we insert.
STATUS OF XAUVOO IN THE SPRING OF 1844.
Believing that our patrons and friends are pleased to hear of our
prosperity, we feel happy in apprising them of the same, through the
columns of our paper.
Owing to the scarcity of provision and the pressure in the money
market daring the past winter, commercial business has been some-
what dull; consequently, those who were not previously prepared have
been obliged to employ the principal portion of their time in obtaining
the necessary means for the sustenance of their families: there-
fore little improvement has been made. But old Boreas is now on his
receding march, and spring has commenced its return with all its pleas-
antness.
266 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Navigation is open, and steamboats are almost continually plying up
and down our majestic river. They have already brought several fam-
ilies of emigrants to this place, who have cordially joined with their
friends and brethren in the great work of the upbuilding of Zion and
the rolling forth of the kingdom of God.
The work of improvement is now actively begun, and in every direc-
tion may be heard the sound of the mason's trowel, the carpenters's
hammer, the teamster's voice, or, in other words, the hum of industry
and the voice of merriment. Indeed, to judge from the present appear-
ance, a greater amount of improvement will be done the ensuing sum-
mer than in the preceding one.
Almost every stranger that enters our city is excited with astonish-
ment that so much has been done in so short a time; but we natter our-
selves, from the known industry, perseverance, and diligence of the
Saints, that by the return of another winter so much more will be
accomplished, that his astonishment will be increased to wonder and
admiration.
Quite extensive preparations are being made by the farmers in this
vicinity for the cultivation of land; and should the season prove favor-
able, we doubt not that nearly, if not a sufficient amount of produce will
be raised to supply the wants of the city and adjacent country.
We are also pleased that we can inform our friends abroad that the
Saints here of late have taken hold of the work on the Temple with the
zeal and energy that in no small degree excites our admiration. Their
united efforts certainly speak to us that it is their determination that
this spacious edifice shall be enclosed, if not finished, this season.
And a word we would say to the Saints abroad, which is, that the
Temple is being built in compliance with a special commandment of God
not to a few individuals, but to all. Therefore we sincerely hope you
will contribute of your means as liberally as your circumstances will
allow, that the burden of the work may not rest upon a few, but pro.
portionately upon all.
Where is the true-hearted Saint that dues not with joy and delight
contemplate the endowment of the servants of God and the blessings
He has promised to His people on condition that they speedily build the
Temple? Certainly you cannot reasonably expect to enjoy these bless-
ings if you refuse to contribute your share towards its erection.
It is a thing of importance, and much depends upon its accomplish-
ment: therefore we wish to forcibly impress the matter upon your
minds, hoping you will become aroused to a sense of your duty — that
every company of Saints, every Elder that comes here, and every mail
may bring money and other property for this important work, — which,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 267
•when completed, will stand, in one sense of the word, as a firm pillar in
Zion, and which will greatly facilitate the prosperity of the great cause
of truth which we all are actively engaged in,
Saturday, 16. — At home. At one p. m., I sat in coun-
cil with Willard Richards, Orrin P. Rockwell, and Bishop
George Miller.
The Female Relief Society had two meetings in the
assembly room, as it would not hold all at once, and
sanctioned the "Voice of Innocence from Nauvoo."
Sunday, 17. — Last night, Nauvoo was visited by a very
strong wind from the west. It blew down a
portion of the west wall of the new hall (28 by a t Nauvoo?"
40 feet on the ground,) which the Seventies
had commenced on Bain street, and they had raised for
the roof.
The wind continued very strong all day. In the even-
ing, had a smart snowstorm, which covered the ground,
was succeeded by a frosty night.
Attended prayer meeting.
Monday, 18. — The frost of last night was so severe as
to form ice inside the houses.
I stayed at home to recite German with Brother
Neibaur.
Tuesday, 19. — Met in council in the assembly room.
Elder Samuel Bent, Uriah Brown, Samuel James, John
D. Parker, Orrin P. Rockwell, Sidney Rigdon, William
Marks, and Orson Spencer met in council, in addition to
the former names.
In the afternoon, heavy, driving rain. Northwest wind.
Dull, cold day.
Wednesday, 20. — Severely cold northwest wind, with a
snow and hail storm until ten a. m. Afternoon dull. West
wind.
Spent the morning and afternoon in the assembly room,
studying the languages.
268 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. TA.D. 1844
Elder Woodruff read me a letter which he had written
to Colonel Solomon Copeland concerning his
and the vice- nomination to be a candidate for the Vice-
President of the United States.
The Illinois Springfield Register has the following: —
GENERAL JOSEPH SMITH A CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT.
It appears by the Nauvoo papers that the Mormon Prophet is actually
a candidate for the presidency. He has sent us his pamphlet, contain-
ing an extract of his principles, from which it appears that he is up to
the hub for a United States bank and a protective tariff. On these
points he is much more explicit than Mr. Clay, who will not say that he
is for a bank, but talks all the time of restoring a national currency.
Nor will Mr. Clay say what kind of a tariff he is for. He says to the
south that he has not sufficiently examined the present tariff, but
thinks very likely it could be amended.
General Smith posesses no such fastidious delicacy. He comes right
out in favor of a bank and a tariff, taking the true Whig ground, and
ought to be regarded as the real Whig candidate for President, until
Mr. Clay can so far recover from his shuffling and dodging as to declare
his sentiments like a man.
At present we can form no opinion of Clay's principles, except as
they are professed by his friends in these parts.
Clav himself has adopted the notion which was once entertained by
an eminent grammarian, who denied that language was intended as a
means to express one's ideas, but insisted that it was invented on pur-
pose to aid us in concealing them. X
The Iowa Democrat publishes the following: —
A New Candidate in the Field.
T^e see from the Nauvoo Neighbor that General Joseph Smith, the
great Mormoi. Prophet, has become a candidate for the next presidency.
We do not know whether he intends to submit his claims to the National
Convention, or not; but, judging from the language of his own organ,
we conclude that he considers himself a full team for all of them.
All that we have to sav on this point is, that if superior talent, gen-
ius, and intelligence, combined with virtue, integrity, and enlarged
views, are any guarantee to General Smith's being elected, we think
that he will be a "full team of himself."
I
A. D. 18441 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 269
The Missouri Republican believes that it will be death to Van Buren,
and all agree that it must be injurious to the Democratic ranks, inas-
much as it will throw the Mormon vote out of the field.
A traveler, having visited Nauvoo for a few days, wrote to the limes
and Seasons —
"Mr. Editor, — Before I take my departure, permit me to express my
views relative to the leading men of your city, where I have been these
few days.
I have been conversant with the great men of the age; and, last of all
I feel that I have met with the greatest, in the presence of your
esteemed Prophet, General Joseph Smith. From many reports, I had
reason to believe him a bigoted religionist, as ignorant of politics as
the savages; but, to my utter astonishment, on the short acquaintance, ;
I have found him as familiar in the cabinet of nations as with his Bible
and in the knowledge of that book I have not met with his equal in
Europe or America. Although I should beg leave to differ with him in
some items of faith, his nobleness of soul will not permit him to take
offense at me. No, sir; I find him open, frank, and generous, — as
willing others should enjoy their opinions as to enjoy his own.
The General appears perfectly at home on every subject, and his
familiarity with many languages affords him ample means to become in-
formed concerning all nations and principles,which with his familiar and
dignified deportment towards all must secure to his interest the affec-
tions of every intelligent and virtuous man that may chance to fall in
his way, and I am astonished that so little is known abroad concern-
ing him.
Van Buren was my favorite, and I was astonished to see General
Smith's name as a competitor; but, since my late acquaintance, Mr.
Van Buren can never re-seat himself in the Presidential chair on my
vote while General Smith is in the field. Forming my opinions alone
on the talents of the two, and from what I have seen, I have no reason
to doubt but General Smith's integrity is equal to any other individual;
and I am satisfied he cannot easily be made the pliant tool of any polit-
ical party. I take him to be a man who stands far aloof from little
caucus quibblings and squabblings, while nations, governments, and
realms are wielded in his hand as familiarly as the top and hoop in the
hands of their little masters.
Free from all bigotry and superstition, he dives into every subject,
and it seems as though the world was not large enough to satisfy his
capacious soul, and from his conversation one might suppose him as
well acquinted with other worlds as this.
So far as I can discover, General Smith is the nation's man, and the
man who will exalt the nation, if the people will give him the opportu-
270 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1844
nity; and all parties will find a friend in him so far as right is
concerned.
General Smith's movements are perfectly anomalous in the estima-
tion of the public. All other great men have been considered wise in
drawing around them wise men; but I have frequently heard the Gen-
eral called a fool because he has gathered the wisest of men to his cab-
inet, who direct his movements; but this subject is too ridiculous to
dwell upon. Suffice it to say, so far as 1 have seen, he has wise men at
his side — superlatively wise, and more capable of managing the affairs
of a State than most men now engaged therein, which I consider much
*o his credit, though I would by no means speak diminutively of my
old friend.
From my brief acquaintance, I consider General Smith (independent
of his peculiar religious views, in which by-the by, I have discovered
neither vanity nor folly,) the sine qua non of the age to our nation's
prosperitv. He has learned the all-important lesson "to profit by the
experience of those who have gone before; " so that, in short, General
Smith begins where other men leave off. I am aware this will appear
a bold assertion to some; but I would say to such, call, and form your
acquaintance, as I have done; then judge.
Thus, sir, you have a few leading items of my views of General
Smith, formed from personal acquaintance, which you are at liberty to
dispose of as you think proper. I anticipate the pleasure of renewing
my acquaintance with your citizens at a future day.
Yours respectfully,
A Traveler
A writer in the Quincy Herald reflects very strongly
upon the conduct of the Quincy Whig, New York Trib-
une, and other newspapers, for publishing slanderous
falsehoods against the Saints.
Ten, p. m., commenced snowing again.
Thursday, 21. — A cold snow-storm through the night.
In council in the assembly room, discussing the propri-
. ety of petitioning Congress for the privilege
Memorial to of raising troops to protect the making of set-
ments in the uncivilized portions of our
continent.
Willard Richards was appointed a committee to draw
up a memorial to Congress.
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 271
Friday, 22. — Snow on the ground; cold, bleak north
wind; cloudy.
At ten a. m., held Mayor's court, and afterwards read
German in the reading room.
In the afternoon, met with the Twelve in prayer at
President Brigham Young's house.
I advised the Seventies to pull down the remainder of
the walls and rebuild the Seventies' hall on The seventies'
a permanent basis from the foundation, and Sons <5n Ke UC
not erect for themselves a trap, but build one biiildin s-
two stories high, and strong enough to stand for a gener-
ation />
Saturday, 23. — Day warmer. Rode out with Clayton
to endeavor to raise money to furnish the hands in the
Pinery with Supplies. Visited the Temple and public
works
Also called with William Clayton and Alexander Nei-
baur at Dr. Foster's. He was gone to Appanoose, and
Mrs. Foster was at Mr. Gilman's.
I here extract from William Clayton's journal: —
President Smith's Interview With Mrs. Foster.
We went down there and saw her, [Mrs. Foster] . President Joseph
asked Sister Foster if she ever in her life knew him guilty of an im-
moral or indecent act. She answered, ''No." He then explained his
reasons for asking; which were, he had been informed that Dr. Foster
had stated that Joseph made propositions to his wife calculated to lead
her astray from the path of virtue; and then asked if ever he had used
any indecent or insulting language to her. She answered, "Never." He
further asked if he ever preached anything like the "pluralitj 7 of wife"
doctrine to her other than what he had pleached in public? She said,
"No." He asked her if he ever proposed to have illicit intercourse with her,
and especially when he took dinner during the doctor's absence. She
said, "No.'' After some further conversation on the subject, we left.
Mrs. Gillman was present all the time. President Joseph and Neibaur
then went on foot to the farm. \
Sunday, 24. — At ten, a. m., met at the stand near the
272 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Temple. [The following very brief outline of the speeches
is from the journal of Wilford Woodruff] : —
Discourse of President Smith — Conspiracies in Nauvoo.
President Joseph Smith addressed the people. The following: is the
substance of what I heard him say: —
I have been informed by two gentlemen that a conspiracy is got up
in this place for the purpose of taking the life of President Joseph
Smith, his family, and all the Smith family, and the heads of the
Church. One of the gentlemen will give his name to the public, and
the other wishes it to be hid for the present: they will both testify to it
on oath, and make an affidavit upon it. The names of the persons re-
vealed at the head of the conspiracy are as follows: — Chancey L. Hig-
bee, Dr. Robert D. Foster, Mr. Joseph H. Jackson, William and Wilson
Law. And the lies that C. L. Higbee has hatched up as a foundation
to work upon are — he says that I had men's heads cut off in Missouri,
and that I had a sword run through the hearts of the people that I
wanted to kill and put out of the way. I won't swear out a warrant
against them, for I don't fear any of them: they would not scare off an
old setting hen. I intend to publish all the iniquity that I know of
them. If I am guilty, I am ready to bear it. There is sometimes
honor among enemies. I am willing to do anything for tiie good of
the people. I will give the name of one of the gentlemen who have
divulged the plot: his name is M. G. Eaton. He will swear to it: he is
a bold fellow. Joseph H. Jackson said a Smith should not be alive in
two weeks, — not over two months anyhow. Concerning the character
of these men, I will say nothing about it now; but if I hear anything
more from them on this subject, I will tell what I know about them.^
Elder Orson Spencer addressed the people as follows: —
While listening to President Smith's remarks, I thought of a figure,
i.e., if a physician was going to dissect a body, he would not be likely to
begin at the limbs but cut the head off first. So the adversary of the
Saints has laid a plan to cut off the head of the Church with the inten-
tion of scattering and destroying the whole body. It was so in the days
of Jesus Christ; the enemies of the truth sought to kill Him, that the
body might be destroyed; which was also the case in the days of Elijah,
Daniel, and many of the ancients.
I once heard a man say, who was opposed to this work, "That it
might be true, but it gave Joseph Smith power." True, said I; but if
his power be subordinate to the power of God, it is right. If a man set
up a kingdom by the power of God, then let others seek power from
the same source. God sets up kingdoms and pulls down kingdoms:
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OK' THE CHURCH. 273
this makes men mad who will not submit to the kingdom of God. We
all know the result of the power of Moses, who was the representa-
tive of (iod.
Judging from what is past, how will it be when God sets up His king-
dom in che last days? Whether there is a conspiracy now, or not, I
don't know; but no doubt there will be, if not now, for it has
always been so. In the days of the Nephites, they had their Gadian-
ton robbers, I have not any doubt but that the apostates will join with
the other wicked powers to try to put down the power of God, and I am
glad to have the power of the kingdom of God tested; I care not what
sacrifice I am called to make for such a kingdom. If it is friends,
wealth, or even life, at the purchase of such a kingdom, it is cheap. Did
the ancient Apostles, Prophets, or Saints who died pay too much for
that kingdom? They did not. It is necessary that men be put in pos-
session of the knowledge and mysteries of the kingdom of God, in order
to sin as far as they wish, that they may go to the highest pitch. How
often men lay down their lives for their country and other purposes.
How much better, then, to die for the cause of Zion! Good and
righteous men will administer justice and rebuke evil. The Church
should be cleansed from bad men, and the Lord will take His own way
to cleanse the Church.
We should lift up our voice against wickedness of all kinds. But
will the rulers of our land do it? No, they will not; they will be cow-
ards until there is no man to fight, and then be brave. When Govern-
ment will not do it, some man should take the helm of government that
will do it. Will it be called treason, if the God of heaven should set up
a kingdom? May the Lord give you more and more of His Spirit, light
and intelligence, until you are cemented together in union and love.
Amen.
Elder Sidney Rigdon addressed the meeting,
resident Joseph Smith again arose and said — In relation to the
power over the minds of mankind which I hold, I would say, It is in
consequence of the power of truth in the doctrines which I have been
an instrument in the hands of God of presenting unto them, and not
because of any compulsion on my part. I wish to ask if ever I got any
of it unfairly? if I have not reproved you in the gate? I ask, Did I ever
exercise any compulsion over any man? Did I not give him the liberty
of disbelieving any doctrine I have preached, if he saw fit? - x Why do
not my enemies strike a blow at the doctrine? They cannot do it: it is
truth, and I defy all men to upset it. I am the voice of one crying in
the wildtrness, "Repent ye of your sins and prepare the way for the
coming of the Son of Man; for the kingdom of God has come unto you,
18 VOL. VI
274 HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
and henceforth the ax is laid unto the root of the tree: and every tree
that bringeth not forth good fruit, God A-lmighty (and not Joe Smith)
shall hew it down and east it into the fire.'^
After meeting, I rode out with Emma. The trees begin
to bud forth.
In the evening, held a conversation with a large com-
pany of friends at my door.
Elder R. H. Kinnamon writes that during the last 22
months he has baptized over 100 persons while on a mis-
sion in Virginia and North Carolina, organized two
branches in Virginia, and calls are continually made for
preaching in every direction.
Monday, 25. — At home in the morning. After dinner
rode up to the upper landing to see the St. Louis Oak
steamer. Learned that a company of emi-
Progress on *s
Memorial grants from England were expected soon.
to OoD£TI*GSS«
Called at my office on returning, and heard
read the draft of a memorial to Congress which my clerk
had been writing, as a committee appointed by the coun-
cil on Thursday last, and was pleased with the instru-
ment.
Millions of wild pigeons flying north, and millions of
gnats dancing in the air. Dull day. At night thunder,
1 ightning and rain.
Tuesday, 26. — Dull day. From nine to twelve, noon,
in council; also from two to five p. m.
The memorial drawn up by Dr. Richards was read, dis-
cussed, and approved by the general council.
Started this morning to go to Ramus with Brother
Amasa Lyman. Rode as far as the Temple, and found it
so muddy that we turned back.
Issued a warrant on the complaint of Vernon H. Bruce,
against lanthus Rolfe, for stealing two stone-cutter's
tools.
I wrote the following: —
A-L>- 1844! HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 275
The Prophet's Memorial to Congress.
To the Honorable the Senate and House oj Representatives of the United
States of America, in Congress Assembled:
Your memorialist, a free-born citizen of these United States, respect-
fully showeth that from his infancy his soul has been filled with the
most intense and philanthropic interest for the welfare of his native
country; and being 1 fired with an ardor which floods cannot quench,
crowns cannot conquer, nor diplomatic intrigue corrupt, to see those
principles which emanated from the bosoms of the fathers of seventy-
six, and which cost the noblest talents and richest blood of the nation,
maintained inviolate and perpetuated to future generations; and the
proud eagle of American freedom soar triumphant over every party prej-
udice and local sinistry, and spread her golden pinions over every
member of the human family, who shall stretch forth their hands for
succor from the lion's paw or the oppressor's grasp; and firmly trust-
ing in the God of liberty, that He has designed universal peace and
goodwill, union, and brotherly love to all the great family of man, your
memorialist asks your honorable body to pass the following: —
ORDINANCE.
An Ordinance for the Protection of the Citizens of the United States Emi-
grating to the Territories, and for the Extension of the Principles of
Universal Liberty.
PREAMBLE.
Whereas, many of the citizens of these United States have migrated
and are migrating to Texas, Oregon, and other land; contiguous to this
nation; and whereas, Texas has declared herself free and independent,
without the necessary power to protect her rights and liberties; and
whereas Oregon is without anv organized government, and those who
emigrate thither are exposed to foreign invasion and domestic feuds;
and whereas the Oregon, by geographical location and discovery more
rightfully belongs to these United States than any other general gov-
ernment; and whereas it is necessary that the emigrants of that newly
settling teriitory should receive pi'otection; and whereas the Texan
Government has petitioned the United States to be received into our
Union, but yet retains her national existence; and whereas the United
States remember with gratitude the seasonable support they received in
a like situation from a LaFayette; and ichereas the United States desire
to see the principles of her free institutions extended to all men, espe-
276 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 184*
cially where it can be done without the loss of blood and treasure to the
nation; and whereas there is an almost boundless extent of territory on
the west and south of these United States, where exists little or no
organization of protective Government; and whereas the lands thus
unknown; unowned, or unoccupied, are among some of the richest and
most fertile of the continent; and whereas many of the inhabitants of
the Union would gladly embrace the opportunity of extending their
researches and acquirements so soon as they can receive protection in
their enterprise, thereby adding strength, durability, and wealth to the
nation; and whereas the red man, the robber, and the desperado have
frequenty interrupted such research and acquisition without justifiable
cause; and whereas Joseph Smith has offered and does hereby offer
these United States, to show his loyalty to our Confederate Union and
the Constitution of our Republic; to prevent quarrel and bloodshed
our frontiers; to extend the arm of deliverance to Texas; to on
protectXthe inhabitants of Oregon from foreign aggressions and
domestic broils; to prevent the crowned nations from encircling
us as a nation on our western and southern borders, and save
the eagle's talon from the lion's paw; to still the tongue of slander,
and show the world that a Republic can be, and not be ungrate-
ful; to open the vast regions of the unpeopled west and south to
our enlightened and enterprising yeomanry; to protect them in their
researches; to secure them in their locations, and thus strengthen
the Government [and enlarge her borders; to extend her influence; to
inspire the nations with the spirit of freedom and win them to her
standard; to promote intelligence; to cultivate and establish peace
among all with whom we may have intercourse as neighbors; to settle
all existing difficulties among those not organized into an acknowledged
government bordering upon the United States and Territories; to save
the national revenue in the nation's coffers; to supercede the necessity
of a standing army on our western and southern frontiers; to create and
maintainable principles of peace and suppress mobs, insurrections, and
oppression in Oregon and all the lands bordering upon the United
Statesfand not incorporated into any acknowledged national govern-
ment; to explore the unexplored regions of our continent; to open new
fields for^enterprise to our citizens, and protect them therein; to search
out the antiquities of the land, and thereby promote the arts and sci-
ences, and general information; to amalgamate the feelings of all with
whom he: may have intercourse on the principles of equity, liberty, jus-
tice, humanity and benevolence; to break down tyranny and oppression
and exalt the standard of universal peace, provided he shall be pro-
tected in those rights and privileges which constitutionally belong to
every citizen of this Republic; therefore, that the said memorialist may
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 277
have the privilege, and that no citizen of the United States shall
obstruct, or attempt to obstruct or hinder, so good, so great, so noble an
enterprise to carry out those plans and principles as set forth in this pre-
amble, and be shielded from every opposition by evil and designing men.
Section 1. Be it ordained by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America, in Congress Assembled, that Joseph Smith,
of the city of Nauvoo, in the State of Illinois, is hereby authorized and
empowered to raise a company of one hundred thousand armed volun-
teers in the United States and Territories, at such times, and places
and in such numbers, as he shall find necessary and convenient for the
purposes specified in the foregoing preamble, and to execute the same.
Sec. 2. And be it further ordained that if any person or persons
shall hinder or attempt to hinder or molest the said Joseph Smith from
executing his designs in raising said volunteers, and marching and
transporting the same to the borders of the United States and Territor-
ies, he, or they so hindering, molesting, or offending, shall be punished
by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars each for every offense, or
by hard labor on some public work not exceeding two years, or both, at
the discretion of the nearest District Court of the United States, where
the hindrance or offense shall be committed, having jurisdiction.
See. 3. And be it further ordained, the more fully to remove all
obstructions and hindrances to the raising, enlisting, and marching the
volunteers as aforesaid, the said Joseph Smith is hereby constituted a
member of the army of these United States, and is authorized to act as
such in the United States and Territories, and on all lands bordering
upon the United States and Territories, for the purposes specified in the
foregoing preamble, provided said land shall not be within the acknowl-
edged jurisdiction of any acknowledged national government.
Sec. 4. And be it further ordained that nothing in this ordinance
shall be so construed by any individual or nation to consider the volun-
teers aforesaid as constituting any part of the army of the United
States; neither shall the said Joseph Smith, as a member of the United
States army, disturb the peace of any nation or government acknowl-
edged as such, break the faith of treaties between the United States
and any other nation, or violate any known law |of nations, thereby
endangering the peace of the United States.
Sec. 5. A nd be it further ordained, that the said Joseph Smith shall
confine his operations to those principles of action specified in the pre-
amble to this ordinance, the perpetuity of which shall be commensurate
with the circumstances and specifications which have originated it.
And your memorialist will ever pray, &c.
Joseph Smith.
City of Nauvoo, Illinois, March 26, 1844.
278 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. I A.D. 1844
Dr. Willard Richards wrote to the Saints at Augusta,
Lee County, Iowa, requesting a brief history of the set-
tling of that branch, and also asking a donation of lum-
ber for his house.
In the afternoon, Abiathar B. Williams made the fol-
lowing affidavit before Daniel H. Wells, Esq: —
Affidavit of Abiathar B. Williams, Concerning a Conspiracy against the
Prophet.
State of Illinois, f
Hancock County, J
Personally appeared before me, Daniel H. Wells, Acting Justice of
the Peace in and for the said county, Abiathar B. Williams, who, being
duly sworn according to law, deposeth and saith that on or about the
15th day of March, A. D., 1844, Joseph H. Jackson came to my house
and requested me to walk with him; which I did. During the time we
were walking, said Joseph H. Jackson said that he was then coming
direct from Mr. Law's; that there was going to be a secret meeting in
the city of Nauvoo, probably tomorrow evening: but, as it was not
decided, he could not say positively as to the time; but he would
inform me in season. The said Joseph H. Jackson said that Doctor
Foster, Chauncey L. Higbee, and the Laws were red hot for a con-
spiracy, and he should not be surprised if in two weeks there should
not be one of the Smith family left alive in Nauvoo. After we arrived
at Mr. Loomis',near the Masonic hall, in the city of Nauvoo, he related
some things which he stated that Dr. Foster had said relative to his
family. This he did in the presence of Mr. Eaton and myself, and
strongly solicited myself and Mr. Eaton to attend the secret meeting
and join them in their intentions. The said Joseph H. Jackson further
said that Chauncey Higbee had said that he, the said Chauncey Higbee,
had seen men tied hand and foot, and run through the heart with a
sword, and their heads taken off, and then buried; and he durst not say
a word. This the saidJJackson said in Mr. Loomis' room. And further
this deponent saith not.
A. B. Williams.
Sworn to and subscribed before me this 27th day of March, A. D.
1844.
[L. S.] Daniel H. Wells, J. P.
Also M. G. Eaton made affidavit as follows: —
A D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 279
Affidavit of M. G. Eaton — A conspiracy Against Joseph Smith.
State of Illinois, )
Hancock County, j
Personally appeared before me, Daniel H. Wells, an acting Justice
of the Peace, in and for the said county, M. G. Eaton, who being duly
sworn according to law, deposeth and saith that on or about the fif-
teenth day of March, A. D. 1844, Joseph H. Jackson came to me sev-
eral times and requested me to go on the hill with him. I finally consented
went with him to the Keystone Store, in the city of Nauvoo. Dr. Foster
and one of the Higbees (I think Chauncey L. Higbee) were in the store.
The said Joseph H.Jackson, together with the said R. D. Foster and said
Higbee, went into the back room of the store. They appeared to enter into
private council. Soon after they went into the said room, the said
Joseph H. Jackson invited me into the room where they were sitting.
I immediately complied.
Soon after I went in, the said Higbee commenced talking about the
spiritual wife system. He said he had no doubt but some of the
Elders had ten or twelve apiece. He said they married them, whether the
females were living or not; and they did it by recording the marriage
in a large book, which book was sealed up after the record was made,
and was not to be opened for a long time, — probably not till many of
the husbands of those who were thus married were dead. They would
then open the book and break the seals in the presence of those females,
and when they saw their names recorded in that book they would
believe that the doctrine was true and they must submit. He said this
book was kept at Mr. Hvrum Smith's. I asked the Chauncey L Higbee.
*****
[Here follows some expressions too indecent for insertion.]
The aforesaid R. D. Foster then asked me what I would think, if,
during my absence from home, a carriage should drive up to my house,
a person alight, and the carriage then drive off again; this person
should then go into my house and begin to tell my wife a great many
things against me to prejudice her mind against me, and use every pos
sible means to do this, and finally would introduce and preach the
spiritual wife doctrine to her, and make an attempt to seduce her;
and further, this person should sit down to dine with my wife,
bless the victuals, &c; and while they were thus engaged, I should
come home and find them thus associated, this person should rise up
and say, "How do you do?" and bless me in a very polite man-
ner, &c; and also if, upon these appearances, I should feel
jealous that something was wrong, and when the person was
280 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. \A. D. 1844
gone I would ask my wife what had been the conversation between
her and this person, but she would refuse to tell me; I then
draw a pistol and present it to her head and threaten to shoot
her if she did not tell me all, but she would still refuse: I then would
give her a double-barrelled pistol, and say to her, "Defend yourself;
for if you don't tell me, either you or I would shoot:" she would then
faint away through fear and excitement, and when she came to again,
she would begin and tell how this person had been trying to poison
your wife's mind against you, and, by preaching the spiritual wife sys-
tem to her, had endeavored to seduce her. I replied, I should think he
was a rascal: but who has had such a trial as that 1 ? The said R. D.
Foster answered that he was the man who had had that trial, and who
had been thus abused.
The said Dr. Foster, Higbee, and Joseph H. Jackson then remarked
that they were about to hold a secret meeting to oppose and try to put a
stop to such things. The said Joseph H. Jackson also said that if any
person undertook to arrest him, he should begin to cut them.
The said R. D. Foster further said he was afraid of his life, and
dared not be out at nights.
The said Higbee said he had not a doubt but there had been men
killed in Missouri who had secrets that they were afraid they would
divulge. He said he was afraid of his life.
The said Jackson further said he should not be surprised if there
should be a real muss and an insurrection in the city in less than two
months; and that if a disturbance should take place, the Carthagenians
and others would come and help them.
He mentioned some names of persons who would come from
Carthage, which names I do not remember. The same day, when in
Mr. Loomis' room, I heard the said Jackson say that the Laws were
ready to enter into a secret conspiracy, tooth and nails.
The said Higbee also said, while at the Keystone Store, that if ever he
was brought before the Mayor's court again, and the Mayor told him to
hold his tongue, he should get up and tell him he had a right to speak,
and should do so; and then if any man attempted to put him out of
court, he would shoot him through. And further this deponent saith
not.
M. G. Eaton.
Sworn to and subscribed before me, this 27th day of March, A. D.,
1844.
[L. S.] Daniel H. Wells, J. P.*
*In addition to these affidavits the Prophet was apprised by two young men
Dennison L. Harris and Robert Scott, the latter living in the family of William Law
of a secret movement then on foot to take his life, and the lives of several other
leading men in the Church, among them the Prophet's brother, Hyrum. These
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 281
This evening, Dr. Reynolds, of Iowa City, lectured on
astronomy in the assembly room.
Thursday, 28. — Dull day, drizzling rain, cold north-
east wind.
Transferred the trial of Ianthus Rolfe to Aaron Johnson,
J. P.
This afternoon, had the assembly room and office plas-
tered where the same had been knocked off, &c.
Friday, 29. — Xight boisterous : about eight, a. m., hail-
storm, northeast wind, nipping frost; frost, hail, and
strong wind all day.
Spent the day at home.
Saturday, 30. — This morning I heard there was some
disturbance on the hill ; I rode up and found it reported
that a robbery had been committed at the
Keystone Store, kept by Mr. Rollasson, of 2lJE*55
some $-t00 or $500, and some goods, and they x£™j£
were suspicious of a certain black man. I
issued a search-warrant and returned to my office, where
I found the black man, Chism, with his back lac-
erated from his shoulders to his hips, with twenty or more
lashes. My clerk. Dr. Richards, kept him secreted, and
called Aaron Johnson, a justice of the peace, who issued
a warrant for — , a Missourian, who had
boarded at mv house a few days, and on testimony fined
him $5 and costs for whipping Chism. One
Eastori, a witness, said he could not testify without
implicating himself, and he was apprehended and held in
custody. W. H. J. Marr, Esq., refused to testify,
because he was counsel.
I got prepared a memorial to his Excellency John Tyler,
oec
young men were invited to the secret meetings by the conspirators, but before
going conferred with the Prophet, who told them to go, but to take no part in the
proceedings of these wicked men against himself. They carried out his instruc-
tions, and at the risk of their lives attended the secret meetings three times, and
brought to President Smith a report of what they had witnessed. A full account of
this conspiracy written by Horace Cummings — the narrative being detailed to him
by Dennison L. Harris — was published in the Contributor, for April, 1884.
282 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. LA.D. 1844
the President of the United States, embodying in it the
same sentiments as are in my Petition to the
Se m preaident Senate and House of Representatives of the
states United United States, dated 26th March, 1844, ask-
ing the privilege of raising 100,000 men to
extend protection to persons wishing to settle Oregon and
ether portions of the territory of the United States, and
extend protection to the people in Texas.
Sunday, 31. — Cold, fine day.
At home this morning until nine, when I went over to
my reading-room, again heard read and signed my me-
morial to Congress for the privilege of raising 100,000 vol-
unteers to protect Texas, Oregon, &c, dated 26th instant;
and also a memorial to the President for the same pur-
pose, if the other fail.
Also signed an introductory letter to Elder Orson Hyde,
who is going to carry the memorials* to Washington as
follows : —
* President Smith's memorial to Congress, of the 26th of March, asking to be
appointed "a member of the army of these United States," to be authorized "to
raise 100,000 armed volunteers" to police the inter-mountain and Pacific slope
we3t, was presented to the House of Representatives by Mr. John Wentworth, of
Chicago, where the following occurred with reference to it:
mormons :
"Mr. Wentworth asked permission to present a memorial from Gen. Joseph
Smith, the head of the Mormons, and required that it might be read by the clerk
for the information of the House.
"The Clerk commenced the reading of the memorial.
"Before the reading was concluded.
'•Mr. J. R. Ingersoll interposed, and objected to the reception at first, and still
objected.
"Mr. Weber observed that if memorials of this kind were to be read, he was
entrusted with the presentation of one of a peculiar character, from certain citizen*
of Frederick county, Md.
"Mr. Wentworth said he would move a suspension of the rules to enable him to
have the paper read; and he wished to inquire of the chair whether it would be in
order for him to assign his reasons for making such a motion.
"Mr. Duncan observed, if the gentleman would yield him the floor, he would
move to suspend the rules, to go into committee of the whole on the Oregon bill.
"Mr. Wentworth said that, as he had the floor, he would make the motion. Mr.
Wentworth then moved that the rules be suspended, for the purpose of going into
committee of the whole on the Oregon Bill.
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 283
Credentials 0/ Orson Hyde, Agent to Present the Prophet's Memorial
to Congress.
City of Nauvoo, Illinois, March 30, 1844.
To ivhom it may concern: We, the Mayor and Recorder of said city,
do certify that Orson Hyde, Esq., the bearer, a Councilor in the City
CouDcil of said city, is sent as our agent, by the authorities of said city,
to transact such business as he may deem expedient and beneficial for
the party whom he represents; and such agent and gentleman of prin-
ciple and character, he by us is recommended to the due consideration
of all the executive officers of the Government, both houses of Con-
gress, and gentlemen generally of the United States.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and affixed the
seal of said corporation at the time and place aforesaid.
[corporation seal.]
Joseph Smith, Mayor.
Willard Richards, Recorder.
About this time, Brother Alexander Mills, one of the
police, informed me that Chauncey L. Higbee drew a pistol
on him the night before, and threatened to shoot him. I
instructed him to make complaint to Esquire Wells, and
have him apprehended.
"The Speaker said that the question would be put on suspending the rules to go
into committee of the whole. If that motion prevailed, the gentleman could move
to take up any bill he pleased.
"Mr. Vance called for the yeas and nays on the question; which were ordered.
"Mr. McKay inquired if the House should refuse to go into committee of the
whole, if it could by postponement of the previous orders, take up the naval appro-
priation bill which had been reported from the committee of the whole.
"The Speaker said a morion to that effect would require a vote of two-thirds.
"The question was put on suspending the rules and rejected— yeas 79, nays 86."
("Congressional Globe" for May 25th, 1844. Vol. 13, No. 39, p624.)
284 HISTOEY Ot THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
CHAPTER XII.
THE AUTHORITIES OF NAUVOO VS. THE HIGBEES, ET. AL — DED-
ICATION OF THE MASONIC HALL — THE CHURCH CONFER-
ENCE OF APRIL, 1844 — ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT SIDNEY
RIGDON; DITTO PATRIARCH HYRUM SMITH — HISTORICAL
RESUME, AND BUILDING THE TEMPLE.
Monday, April 1, 1844. — In the the court-room in the
Mansion, Mr. J. Easton was brought up as being acces-
sory to whipping Chism, [a negro]. Referred the case to
Alderman Wells. On investigation, it appeared to the
satisfaction of the court that he had been on trial for the
same offense before Robert D. Foster, and acquitted.
I extract from the Neighbor: —
Comment on the Negro Chism's Case.
After the court dismissed the case, General Smith fearlessly stated
that he believed that it was a plot on the part of those who were instru-
mental in getting up the previous trial to thwart the ends of justice and
screen the prisoner from the condemnation he justly deserves. Mr.
Foster then stated, by wav of an apology, that at the time he issued the
warrant he did not know that the prisoner was under an arrest, or
that there was any process out against him.
We hope, for the honor of such a man as Mr. Foster, that his
statement is true. Mr. Foster, however, called upon one of his jurors,
Mr. Cam, to corroborate what he had said; but, to our astonishment, he
replied that when Mr. Foster summoned him to appear and act as a
juryman, he was not informed what case he was to act upon, nor did
he learn until he entered the office, where he acted according to the
evidence given; but believed then, as well as now, that it was a sham
trial, and a mere mockery of justice. We state facts as they are,
and let the public judge for themselves.
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 285
The statement of the negro was that Messrs. Easton, Townsend, and
Lawyer W. H. J . Marr were the persons engaged in this diabolical
affair. Mr. Gibbs, one of the witnesses against Townsend, believed
the above persons were engaged in it; but as a negro knows nothing in
this state, and Mr. Gibbs could not positively swear to it, of course
we don't know; but we have our opinion, and so have the public. We
don't remember ever having seen more indignation manifest than was
manifested on this occasion, and the public mind is not satisfied at the
turn affairs have taken. Lynch law will not do in Nauvoo, and those
who engage in it must expect to be visited by the wrath of an indig-
nant people, not according to the rule of Judge Lynch, but according
to law and equity.
It was thought best to acquit Easton and leave the case
to the Circuit Court.
Francis M. fligbee and Chauncey L. Higbee were
brought up before Esquire Wells for assaulting
,. , • -, ™ T T-r- , The Higbee
the police, and acquitted. Chauncey L. Higbee Brothers in
a lawyer, was brought before Daniel H. Wells
Esq., on the charge of using abusive language to and
insulting the city marshal while in the discharge of his
official duty. He was fined ten dollars.
Also Robert D. Foster, Esq. , was taken before Isaac
Higbee, J. P., and fined ten dollars, for a breach of the
ordiuance pertaining to gambling, &c.
We are sorry to find that our lawyers and magistrates
should be taking the lead among gamblers and disorderly
persons, and be numbered among the law-breakers,
rather than supporting virtue, law, and the dignity of the
city.
Tuesday, 2. — At home, somewhat unwell, and kept my
house this fine day. John P. Greene, mar-
-,-,-, 7 Counter move
shal; Andrew Ly tie, and John Lvtle, police- of the
men, were arrested by a warrant issued by
Robert D. Foster, on complaint of Frauds M. Higbee,
for false imprisonment. As the case was going to trial,
the prisoners were taken by John D. Parker, with a writ
of habeas corpus before the Municipal Court; and tomor-
row, at one, p. m., was fixed for trial.
286 HISTORY 01 THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Wednesdey, 3. — At one, p. m. , presided in a special
session of the Municipal Court, with Aldermen William
Marks, Newel K. Whitney, Orson Spencer, George W.
Harris, Gustavus Hills, George A. Smith, and Samuel
Bennett as Associate- Justices. John P. Greene, Andrew
Lytle, and John Lyttle were brought up on habeas corpus
having been taken from the officer who held them on a
writ issued by Robert D. Foster, before whom they had
been arraigned on the complaint of Chauncey L. Higbee,
charged with false imprisonment.
Joel S. Miles, Andrew Lytle, John Lytle, John P.
Greene, and Robert D. Foster were sworn, gave testimony
in the case, and the court decided that Greene and the
two Lytles be discharged, and that Chauncey L. Higbee is
a very disorderly person; that this case on habeas corpus
originated in a malicious and vexatious suit, instituted by
Chauncey L. Higbee against the petitioners now dis-
charged; and that said Higbee pay the costs.
Warm and cloudy.
A conference was held in the city of New York ; Elder
William Smith presiding, and Elder William
New York? ln 2. Miles, clerk. Fifteen branches were repre-
sented, containing 566 members, including 3
High Priests, 26 Elders, 15 Priests, 16 Teachers, and 9
Deacons.
Thursday, %4. — In a general council in the assembly
room from nine to twelve, a. m. , and from one to four,
p. m.
I was visited by eleven Indians, who wanted counsel,
and had an impressive interview.
Mjjlder Orson Hyde was in the council, and left immedi-
ately for Washington.*
*The object of his mission was to assist Elders Orson Pratt and John E. Page in
getting President Smith's Memorial, asking to be appointed "a member of the U-
S. Army" and to be authorized to raise one hundred thousand armed volunteers to
police the inter-mountain and Pacific coast west from Oregon to Texas. V^
(A.D. 1844 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 287
A company of Saints arrived on the steamer St. Croix.
^--Showery day.
^Friday, 5. — Attended the dedication of the Masonic
Temple, which was attended by abont 550
. - ■-•■■ . „ Dedication
members of the Masonic fraternity from var- Masonic
ious parts of the world. A procession was
formed at Henry Miller's house, and was accompanied by
the Nauvoo Brass Band to the hall. The dedicatory cer-
emonies were performed by the Worshipful Master Hyrum
Smith. Elder Erastus Snow delivered an able Masonic
address. Dr. Groforth and I also addressed the assembly.
All the visiting Masons were furnished a dinner at the
Masonic Hall at the expense of the Nauvoo Lodge. The
building is admitted to be the most substantial and best
finished Masonic Temple in the Western States. It has,
been erected under the direction of Mr. Lucius N. Scovil.
In consequence of ill health, I deferred preaching th e
funeral sermon of King Follett until Sunday. Elder
Amasa Lyman addressed a very large assembly at the
stand.
General Conference Minutes of the Church, April, 1844.
Conference met pursuant to adjournment. Present — President Joseph
Smith, Hyrum Smith, Sidney Rigdon, and William Marks. Of the
Twelve — Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Wiilard Richards, Wil-
ford Woodruff, John Taylor, and George A. Smith.
The members of. the High Council, an immense number of Elders,
and a very large concourse of people.
Presidents Joseph and Hyrum Smith came to the stand at a quarter-
past ten o'clock, when the meeting was called to order by Elder Brig-
ham Young. The choir sang a hymn, after which
Opening Address of President Joseph Smith.
President Joseph Smith rose to state to the congregation the nature
of the business which would have to come before them. He stated that
it had been expected by some that the little petty difficulties which have
existed would be brought up and investigated before this conference, but
288 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. [A.D. 1844
it will not be the case : these things are of too trivial a nature to occupy
the attention of so large a body. I intend to give you some instruction
on the principles of eternal truth, but will defer it until others have
spoken, in consequence of the weakness of my lungs. The Elders will
give you instruction; and then, if necessary, I will offer such corrections
as may be proper to fill up the interstices. Those who feel desirous of
sowing the seeds of discord will be disappointed on this occasion. It
is our purpose to build up and establish the principles of righteousness,
and not to break down and destroy. The Great Jehovah has ever been
with me, and the wisdom of God will direct me in the seventh hour. I
feel in closer communion and better standing wich God than ever I felt
before in my life, and I am glad of this opportunity to appear in your
midst. I thank God for the glorious day that He has given us. In so
large a congregation it is necessary that the greatest order and decorum
be observed. I request this at your hands, and believe that you will
all keep good order.
Prayer was offered by W. W. Phelps, after which the choir sang a
hymn.
Elder Sidney Eigdon.
Elder Sidney Rigdon then rose and said: It is with no ordinary
degree of satisfaction I enjoy this privilege this morning. Want of
health and other circumstances have kept me in silence for nearly the
last five years. It can hardly be expected that when the violence of
sickness has used its influence, and the seeds of disease have so long
preyed upon me, that I can rise before this congregation, only in
weakness. I am now come forth from a bed of sickness, and have
enough of strength left to appear here for the first time in my true
character. I have not ^ome before a conference for the last five years
in my true character. I shall consider this important privilege sacred
in my family history during life. I hardly promise myself lungs to
make this congregation hear me. I shall do the best I can, and the
greatest can do no more.
The circumstance by which we are now surrounded point out the
principles of my discourse — the history of this Church, which I have
known from its infancy. My text is — "Behold the Church of God of
the last days.'' I do not know that I can find it in the Bible. I do not
think it necessary to have Paul to make a text for me; I can make a
text for myself. I recollect in the year 1830 I met the whole Church
of Christ in a little old log-house about 20 feet square, near Waterloo,
N. Y., and we began to talk about the kingdom of God as if we had
the world at our command. We talked with great confidence, and
A D, 1844 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 289
talked big things. Although wo were not many people, we had big
feelings.
We knew fourteen years ago that the Church would become as large
as it is today. We were as big then as we ever shall be. We began
to talk like men in authority and power. We looked upon the men of
the earth as grasshoppers. If we did not see this people, we saw by
vision the Church of God, a thousand times larger. And when men
would say we wanted to upset the Government, although we were not
enough to well man a farm, or meet a woman with a milk-pail, all the
Elders, all the members met in conference in a room twenty feet
square.
I recollect Elder Phelps being put in jail for reading the Book of
Mormon. He came to see us, and expressed great astonishment, and
left us, apparently pondering in his hear*. He afterwards came to
Kirtland, Ohio, and said he was a convert. Many things were taught,
believed, and preached then, which have since come to pass. We knew
the whole world would laugh at us; so we concealed ourselves, and there
was much excitement about our secret meetings, charging us with
designs against the Government, and with laying plans to get money,
&c, which never existed in the hearts of any one else [i. e., but in the
hearts of their accusers]. And if we had talked in public, we should
have been ridiculed more than we were. The world, being entirely
ignorant of the testimony of the Prophets, and without knowledge of
what God was about to do, treated all we said with pretended contempt
and much ridicule, and had they heard all we said, it would have made
worse for us.
We talked about the people coming as doves to the windows; and
that nations should flock unto it; that they should come bending to the
standard of Jesus, saying, "Our fathers have taught falsehoods and
things in which there is no profit,'' and of whole nations being born in
one day. We talked such big things that men could not bear them,
and they not only ridiculed us for what we did say in public, but
threatened and inflicted much personal abuse; and if they had heard all
we said, their violence would have been insupportable. God had great
things to say for the salvation of the world, which, if they had been
told the public, would have brought persecution upon us unto death: so
we were obliged to retire to our secret chamber and commune ourselves
with God. If we had told the people what jur eyes behold this day,
we should not have been believed; but the rascals would have shed our
blood if we had only told them what v> e believed. There we sat in
secret and beheld the glorious visions and powers of the kingdom of
heaven pass and repass. We had not n mighty congregation to shelter
us. If a mob came upon us, we had to run and hide ourselves to save
our lives.
1Q.9rt Vnl VI
290 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A. L>. 1844
The time has now come to tell why we held secret meetings. We
were maturing plans fourteen years aero which we can now tell. Were
we maturing plans to corrupt the world, to destroy the peace of society?
No. Let fourteen years' experience of the Church tell the story. The
Church never would have been here if we had not done as we did in
secret. The cry of "False prophet and irnposter!" rolled upon us. I
do not know that anything has taken place in the history of this
Church which we did not then believe. It was written upon our hearts
and never could be taken away. It was indelibly engraved; no power
beneath yonder heavens could obliterate it. This was the period when
God laid the foundation of the Church, and He laid it firmly, truly, and
upon eternal truth.
If any man says it is not the work of God, I know he lies. Some of
you who know you have a house, how long would it take to make you
reason yourselves into a belief that you have no house where you now
reside with your family? Neither have we any power whereby we can
ever persuade ourselves that this is not the Church of God. We do not
care who sinks or swims, or opposes, but we kuow here is the Church
of God, and I have authority before God for saying so. I have the testi-
mony of Jesus, which is the spirit of prophecy. I have slept with it, —
I have walked with it. The idea has never been out of my heart for
a moment, and I will reap the glory of it when I leave this world. I
defy men and hell and devils to put it out of my heart. I defy all, and
will triumph in spite of them.
I know God. I have gazed upon the glory of God, the throne, vis-
ions and glories of God, and the visions of eternity in days gone by.
What is a man of God to do, when he sees all the madness, wrath and
follies of our persecutors? He will do as God does — he will sit and
laugh. * * * These were the beginning of good days — shut up in
a room eating nothing but dry johnny-cake and buttermilk. E^ery man
who had a little farm or clothes, sold them and distributed what he had
among the rest, and did the best he could. I had a little to eat — little
to wear, and yet it was the beginning of good days.
Some say ''I want plenty to eat, plenty to drink, plenty to wear, and
a good house to live in ; and, say they then I will believe. But God
will not give it until you have proved yourselves unto Him.
No wonder, then, that we should be joyful today. If the people
will do as they are told, I will tell you what to do. Get the visions of
heaven, and seek not what you shall eat or what you shall drink, but
seek the will of God. Get ink) the presence of God, and then you will
have johnny-cake and milk- a: id-water no more. Would you not be
astonished if even now we should tell the glories and privileges of the
Saints of God to you and to the world? We should be ridiculed; and
A. D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 291
no wonder we shut it up in secret. If we were to tell you when
Jehovah is looked upon, lo it is beauty, it is heaven, it is felicity to
look upon Jehovah. I should marvel if it were otherwise. If a man
tells you one glory or one message, he is learning another at the same
time. Do not be astonished, then, if we even yet have secret meetings,
asking God for things for your benefit.
Do not be afraid. Go back to the commencement of this Church,
and see what was concocted then. There was no evil concocted when
we first held secret meetings, and it is the same now. Has God for-
gotten to be gracious, to be merciful to mankind? Did He ever con-
coct anything that was devilish for mankind? He could not do it. I
never am afraid of God or man concocting anything to hurt me. I have
faith to detect men, even if they did. I would ask God to detect them,
and hold them fast before they should do it. I am not afraid of men or
devils. I have none of those fears, jealousies, dreads, forebodings, sur-
misiugs, &c. I put my trust in God, and whatever God does for me is
only for my salvation.
A man is a bad teamster who runs his team in the worst road. What
I have already said is only to prepare the way. [Here five of the Pot-
tawattomie tribe appeared with their interpreter, and were assisted to
the stand by the President.] I am going to tell of something that sur-
prised me at the beginning of the Church. I have handled, heard, seen
and known things which I have not yet told.
After the Church began to grow, it was favored with rnarvelously
wise men. They had so much wisdom that they could dispute what
God said, and what His servant said. They were opposed to virtue.
They would say they had revelations and visions, and were as certain
that the Lord had given it as I was that the devil had.
He referred to the children of Isi'ael who were snivelling and mur-
muring about their leeks and onions, &c, &c; and so it is in these last
days; some men are always yelling about what the Church believes and
opposing every good thing.
I want devils to gratify themselves; and if howling, yelling and yelp-
ing will do you any good, do it till you are all damned.
If calling us devils, &c, will do you any good, let us have the whole
of it, and you can then go on your way to hell without a grunt.
We hear these things ever since the Church existed. They have
come up with us; they have had so much more wisdom, they knew all
about the kingdom before God revealed it, and they know all things
before they were heard; they understand more than God knows. We
gather of all kinds. If we get all nations, we get all wisdom, cunning,
and everything else.
The sectarians cannot be as wise as we are, for they have only got
292 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
man's plans, the devil's plans, and, the best of all, we have God's
plan.
I do not know whether there are any of these wise men here this
morning or not; I have merely given this as a part of the history of this
Church. I am disposed to give some reasons why salvation only
belongs to the kingdom of God, and to that alone.
I will endeavor to show why salvation belongs to us more pecul-
iarly, in contradistinction to all other bodies. Will this be clear
enough?
I discover one thing: Mankind have labored under one universal
mistake about this— viz., salvation was distinct from government; i. e.,
that I can build a Church without government, and that thing have
power to save me!
When God sets up a system of salvation, He sets up a system of
government. When I speak of a government, I mean what I say.
I mean a government that shall rule over temporal and spiritual
affairs.
Every man is a government of himself, and infringes upon no govern-
ment. A man is not an honorable man, if he is not above all law and
above government.
I see in our town we have need of government. Some study law
only for the purpose of seeing how many feuds, how many broils they
can kick up, how much they can disturb the peace of the public without
breaking the law, and then say — "I know my rights, and will have
them;" "I did not know it was the marshal, or I would not have
done it."
He is no gentleman. Gentlemen would not insult a poor man in the
street, but would bow to him, as much as those who appear more
respectable. No marshal or any one else, should pull me up. We
ought to live a great way within the circle of the laws of the land. I
would live far above all law.
The law of God is far more righteous than the laws of the land. The
kingdom of God does not interfere with the laws of the land, but keeps
itself by its own laws. (Reported by Elder Thomas Bullock.)
Elder Rigdon stopped to refresh himself. The choir sang hymn 104.
Elder John Taylor, being called upon to address the congregation,
said — It gives me pleasure to meet and associate with so large an
assemblage of the Saints. I always feel at home among the brethren .
I consider them the honorable of the earth; and if I can do anything to
conduce to their happiness, or that will in anywise tend to their edifica-
tion, I am satisfied.
I therefore address this congregation with cheerfulness and pleasure,
and if by unfolding any of the principles of truth that I am in posses-
A. D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. 293
sion of, or laying before you anything pertaining to the kingdom — if
my ideas will enlarge your minds, or produce beneficial results to any,
I shall consider myself on this, as on all other occasions, amply
repaid.
Many things have been spoken by Elder Rigdon concerning the early
history of this Church. There is no person who has searched the oracles
of eternal truth, but his mind will be touched with the remarks made
by our venerable friend, which unfold the dispensation of Jehovah, and
have a tendency to produce the most thrilling feelings in the bosoms of
many who are this day present, and to promote our general edifica-
tion. He traces with pleasure on the historic page — the rise of nations,
kingdoms and empires. Historians dwell with great minuteness on the
heroic deeds, the chivalrous acts, the dangers and deliverances, the
tact, bravery, and heroism of their chieftains, generals and govern-
ments.
We, as Republicans, look back to the time when this nation was
under the iron rule of Great Britain, and groaned under the power,
tyranny and oppression of that powerful nation. We trace with delight
the name of a Washington, a Jefferson, a LaFayette, and an
Adams, in whose bosoms burned the spark of liberty. These themes
are dwelt upon with delight by our legislators, our governors and
presidents; they are subjects which fire our souls with patriotic
ardor.
But if these things animate them so much, how much more great,
noble and exalted are the things laid before us! They were engaged in
founding kingdoms and empires that were destined to dissolution and
decay; and although many of them were great, formidable and pow-
erful, they now exist only in name. Their cloud-capped towers, their
solemn temples, are dissolved, and nothing now remains of their former
magnificence or ancient grandeur but a few dilapidated buildings and
broken columns. A few shattered fragments remain to tell to this
and to other generations the perishable nature of earthly pomp and
worldly glory.
They were engaged in founding empires and establishing kingdoms
and powers that had in themselves the seeds of destruction, and were
destined to decay. We are laying the foundation of a kingdom that
shall last forever — that shall bloom in time and blossom in eternity.
We are engaged in a greater work than ever occupied the attention of
mortals. We live in a day that prophets and kings desired to see, but
died without the sight.
When we hear the history of the rise of this kingdom from one who
has been with it from its infancy — from the lips of our venerable friend
who has taken an active part in all the history of the Church, can we
294 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
be surprised if he should feel animated, and that his soul should
burn with heavenly zeal? We see in him a man of God who can con-
template the glories of heaven, the visions of eternity, and yet who
looks forward to the opening glories which the great Elohim has mani-
fested to him pertaining to righteousness and peace — a man who now
beholds the things roll on which he has long since beheld in prophetic
vision.
Most men have established themselves in authority by laying desolate
other kingdoms and the destruction of other powers. Their kingdoms
have been founded in blood, and supported in tyranny and oppression.
The greatest chieftains of the earth have obtained their glory — if glory
it can be called — by blood, carnage and ruin. One nation has
been built up at the expense and ruin of another, and one man has
been made at the expense of another; and yet these great men were
called honorable for their inglorious deeds of rapine. They have
slain their thousands, and caused the orphans to weep and the widows
to mourn.
Men did these things because they could do it — because they had
power to desolate nations, and spread terror and desolation. They have
made themselves immortal as great men. The patriots of this country
had indeed a laudable object in view — a plausible excuse for the course
they took. They stood in defense of their rights, liberty and freedom.
But where are now those principles of freedom 1 ? Where are the laws
that protect all men in their religious opinions'? Where the laws that
say, *'A man shall worship God according to the dictates of his own
conscience"? What say ye, ye Saints — ye who are exiles in the land of
liberty? How came you here 1 ? Can you in this land of equal rights
return in safety to your possessions in Missouri? No. You are exiles
from thence, and there is no power, no voice, no arm to redress your
grievance. Is this the gracious boon for which your fathers fought
and struggled and died? Shades of the venerable dead, could you but
gaze upon this scene, and witness tens of thousands of Americans in
exile on Columbia's soil — if pity could touch your bosoms, how you
would mourn for the oppressed! If indignation, how would you curse
the heartless wretches that have so desecrated and polluted the temple
of liberty? "How uas the gold become dim, and the fine gold, how has
it changed." Let it not be told among the monarchs of Europe, lest
they laugh and say, l, Ha; so would we have it."
Ye Saints, never let it go abroad that ye are exiles in the land of
liberty, lest ye disgrace your republic in the eyes of the nations of the
earth; but tell it to those who robbed and plundered and refused to give
you your rights. Tell your rulers that all their deeds of fame are tar-
nished, and their glory is departed.
A.D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 295
Are we now, indeed, in a land of liberty, of freedom, of equal rights?
Would to God I could answer, Yes. But no, no, 1 cannot! They
have robbed us, we are stripped of our possessions, many of our friends
are slain, and our government says, "Your cause is just, but we can do
nothing for you."
Hear it, ye great men, we are here in exile! Here are thousands of
men in bondage in a land of liberty— of freedom! If ye have any
patriotism, shake off your fetters and come and proclaim us free, and
give us our rights. I speak of this government as being one of the best
of governments— as one of the greatest and purest; and yet, what a
melancholy picture! ye venerable fathers who fought for your lib-
erty, blush for your children, and mourn, mourn over your country's
shame! We are now talking about a government which sets herself up
as a pattern for the nations of the earth,and yet, oh, what a picture! If
this is the best, the most patriotic, the most free, what is the situation
of the rest?
Here we speak with national pride of a Washington, a LaFayette, a
Monroe aud a Jefferson, who fought for their liberties, achieved one of
tlie greatest victories ever won; and scarcely has one generation passed
away before fifteen thousand citizens petition government for redress
of their wrongs, and they turn a deaf ear to their cry.
Let us compare this with the Church of Christ. Fourteen years ago
a few men assembled in a log cabin; they saw the visions of heaven,
and gazed upon the eternal world; they looked through the rent vista
of futurity, and beheld the glories of eternity; they were planting those
principles which were concocted in the bosom of Jehovah; they were
laying a foundation for the salvation of the world, and those principles
which they then planted have not yet begun to dwindle; but the fire
still burns in their bones; the principles are planted in different nations
and are wafted on every breeze.
When I gaze upon this company of men, I see those who are actuated
by patriotic and noble principles, who will stand up in defense of the
oppressed, of whatever country, nation, color or clime. I see it in their
countenances. It is planted by the Spirit of God. They, have
received it from the great Elohim, and all the power or influence
of mobs, priestcraft or corrupt men cannot quench it. It will burn. It
is comprehensive as the designs of God, and as expansive as the uni-
verse and reaches to all the world. No matter whether it was an
Indian, a negro, or any other man or set of men that are oppressed, you
would stand forth in their defense.
I say unto you, continue to cherish those principles. Let them
expand. And if the tree of liberty has been blasted in this nation— if
it has been gnawed by worms, and already blight has overspread it, we
296 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
will stand up in defense of our liberties, and proclaim ourselves free in
time and in eternity.
The choir, by request, sang, "0 stop and tell me, Red Man." After
prayer by Elder John P. Greene, the meeting was adjourned for
one hour.
A. D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 297
CHAPTER XIII.
CONFERENCE OF THE CHURCH, APRIL, 1844, CONTINUED —
ADDRESS OF PATRIARCH HYRUM SMITH — THE BUILDING OF
THE TEMPLE.
Saturday, April 6, 1844, [Conference Report Continued.]
The President arrived at the stand at half -past two o'clock, p. m.
The choir sang a hymn; after which prayer by Elder John P. Greene,
when the choir sang another hymn.
Elder Rigdon resumed his history of the Church.
A little before five o'clock the assembly was dismissed without cere-
mony, until next morning, on the appearance of a shower. The people
had scarcely time to retire before a heavy shower of rain, wind, thun-
der and lightning followed. A splendid double rainbow seen in the
heavens.
Sunday, 7.
Very pleasant morning. The President arrived at ten o'clock, the
largest congregation ever seen in Nauvoo having assembled. The choir
sang the hymn, "Ye slumbering nations that have slept."
President Rigdon offered an affectionate appeal for the prayers of the
Saints on behalf of the sick, and then prayer by Elder George J.
Adams.
Choir sang the hymn, "The Spirit of God like a fire is burning,'' &c.
President Joseph Smith.
The Mayor requested the people to keep good order, and observed to
the police, who were round the outskirts of the congregation to keep
order, "Policemen, I want you to exercise your authority; and don't
say you can't do anything for us, for the constitutional power calls you
to keep good order, and God Almighty calls you, and we command you
to do it."
Elder Sidney Rigdon arose and continued his subject of yesterday.
Choir sang. Benediction. Intermission.
298 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
During the intermission, thirty-five were baptized in the Mississippi
river for the remission of their ans.
Address of Elder Hyrum Smith, Patriarch to the Church.
At 2 o 'clock p. m.
Patriarch Hyrum Smith arrived at the stand, and said he wanted to
say something about the temple.
"We want 200,000 shingles, as we shall resume the work on the Tem-
ple immediately. All who have not paid their tithing, come on and do
it. We want provisions, money, boards, planks, and anything that is
good; we don't want any more old guns or watches. I thought some
time ago I would get up a small subscription, so that the sisters might
do something. In consequence of some misunderstanding, it has not
gone on as at first. It is a matter of my own; I do not ask it as a tith-
ing. I give a privilege to any one to pay a cent a week, or fifty cents a
year. I want it by next fall to buy nails and glass. It is difficult to
get money. I know that a small subscription will bring more than a
large one. The poor can help in this way. I take the responsibility
upon myself, and call again upon the sisters. I call again until I get
about $1,000. It only requires two thousand subscribers.
I have sent this subscription plan to England and the branches . I a m
not to be dictated to by any one except the Prophet and God. I want
you to pay in your subscriptions to me, and it shall always be said
boldly by me, the sisters bought the glass in that house, and their names
shall be written in the Book of the Law of the Lord. It is not a tax,
but a free will offering to procure something which shall ever be a
monument of your works. No member of the Relief Society got it up.
I am the man that did it. They ought not to infringe upon it. I am
not a member of the Female Relief Society! I am one of the commit-
tee of the Lord's House.
I wish to accomplish something, I wish all the Saints to have an
opportunity to do something. I want the poor with the purse of five dol-
lars to have a chance. The widow's two mites were more in the eyes of
the Lord than the purse of the rich; and the poor woman shall have a
seat in the house of God — she who pays her two mites as well as the
rich, because it is all she has. I wish to have a place in that bouse.
I intend to stimulate the brethren. I want to get the roof on this
season. I want to get the windows in, in the winter, so that we may
be able to dedicate the House of the Lord by this time next year, if
nothing more than one room. I will call upon the brethren to do some-
thing.
I cannot make a comparison between the House of God and anything
now in existence. Great things are to grow out of that house. There
A.D. 1844] HISTOBY OF THE JHURCH. 299
is a great and mighty power to grow out of it. There is an endowment.
Knowledge is power. We want knowledge. We have frequently diffi-
culties with persons who profess to be Latter-day Saints. When the
sacrament will be administered in the Lord's House it will do away with
a great deal of difficulty that is now in existence. If we can have a
privilege and confess our faults unto God and one another every Sab-
bath day, it will do away with these. * * * You sisters shall have a seat
in that house. I will stand on the top of that pulpit and proclaim to
all what the sisters have done. When you offer up your sacraments
every Sabbath, you will feel well a whole week; you will get a great
portion of the Spirit of God, enough to last you a week — and you will
increase. We are now deprived of the privilege of giving the neces-
sar}* instruction; hence we want a house.
All the money shall be laid out for what you design it. It shall not
be paid for anything else. I am one of the committee. The committee
tells me the quarry is blockaded; it is filled with rock. The stone cut-
ters are wanting work. Come on with your teams as soon as conference
is over. It is not necessary for me to tell who will come and do it. I
will prophesy that you will do it. There is not one in the city but what
will do right if he knows it, with only oue or two exceptions, and they
are not worth notice. God will take care of them, and if He doesn't,
the devil will. I described them once, and you will always know them
while you see them. They will keep hopping till they hop out of town.
Some of them are tree toads, who climb the trees and are continually
croaking.
We are now the most noble people on the face of the globe, and we
have no occasion to fear tadpoles. We are designated by the All-seeing
Eye to do good, not to stoop to anything low. We are apt to suffer
prejudice to get into our hearts on hearing reports. We never should
allow it — never should pass our judgment until we hear both sides.
I will tell a Dutch anecdote: A certain Dutchman had a case brought
before him, and heard one side, and he gave in his decision — "Sure you
have got the case;" and when the other party brought their witnesses,
he said again, "Sure, you have got the case, too." If you hear of any
one in high authority, that he is rather inclined to apostasy, don't let
prejudice arise, but pray for him. God may feel after him, and he may
return. Never speak reproachfully nor disrespectfully; he is in the
hands of God. I am one of those peacemakers who take a stand above
these little things. It has been intimated we should have investigations
this conference. Do you think I would trouble this conference with
it? If I have a difficulty with a man, I will go and settle it. Let
them settle their difficulties. There is not a man who has had a difficultv
300 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
who would trouble this congregation about it. We ask no favors ; we
can settle it ourselves. Don't think anything about persons who are on
the eve of apostasy; God is able to take care of them. Let God judge,
do your duty and let men alone.
Never undertake to destroy men because they do some evil thing. It
is natural for a man to be led, and not driven. Put down iniquity by
good works. Many men speak without any contemplation; if they had
given the matter a little contemplation it would not have been spoken.
We ought to be careful what we say, and take the example of Jesus,
cast over men the mantle of charity, and try to cover their faults.
We are made to enlighten, and not to darken one another; save men,
not destroy them. Do unto others what you would have them do unto
you. It is well enough to root out conspiracy. Do not fear, but if
you are in the right track, having God to guide you, He will save
you; for God will save you, if He has to destroy the wicked so as
by fire.
I want to put down all false influence. If I thought I should be saved
and any in the congregation be lost, I should not be happy. For this
purpose Jesus effected a resurrection. Our Savior is competent to save
all from death and hell. I can prove it out of the revelation. I would
not serve a God that had not all wisdom and all power.
The reason why I feel so good is because I have a big soul. There
are men with small bodies who have got souls like Enoch. We have.
We have gathered our big souls from the ends of the earth. The
Gospel picks the big souls out of all creation, and we will get the big
souls out of all the nations, and we shall have the largest city in the
world.
We will gather all the big souls out of every nation. As soon as the
Gospel catches hold of noble souls, it brings them all right up to Zion.
There is a thing called guiding star. The Gospel is similar. We will
have a people great enough to be saved.
Popery could not write what Enoch preached. He told the people
that the Spirit of God took him up into a high mountain, showed him
the distress of the people — the destruction of the world, and he said his
heart swelled wide as eternity. But adherents of Popery could' not
receive anything as large as that, and every man-made society is just
like them. Men's souls conform to the society in which they live, with
very few exceptions, and when men come to live with the Mormons,
their souls swell as if they were going to stride the planets as I stride
the Republic of America. I can believe that man can go from planet
to planet — a man gets so high in the mansions above.
A certain good sister came to my house, and she was troubled because
she heard so many big things. She thought it weakened her faith. I
A.D. 18U] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 301
told her she had too much faith. She believed too n.iuch. I will tell
you how you may know whether the thing is true or not. When any
one comes to you with a lie, you feel troubled. God will trouble you,
and will not approbate you in such belief. You had bettar get some
antidote to get rid of it. Humble yourself before God, and ask Him for
His Spirit and pray to Him to judge it for you. It is better not to have
so much faith, than to have so much as to believe all the lies.
Before this conference closes, I want to get all the Elders together.
I shall make a proclamation. I want to take the line and ax and hew
you, and make you as straight as possible. I will make you straight
as a stretched line. Every Elder that goes from Nauvoo to preach the
Gospel, if he preaches anything else, we will silence him through the
public print. I want all the Elders to meet and to understand; and if
they preach anything but the pure truth, we will call them home.
At a quarter-past three p. m., President Smith having arrived, the
choir sang a hymn. Elder Amasa Lyman offered prayer.
President Joseph Smith delivered a discourse before twenty thousand
Saints, being the funeral sermon of Elder King Follett.
I
318 J HISTORY OF 1HE CHURCH. |A. D. 1844
J
CHAPTER XIV.
GENERAL CONFERENCE FOR APRIL, 1844, CONCLUDED — THE
ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE WHOLE LAND OF AMERICA IS
ZION — INSTRUCTIONS TO ELDERS SET APART FOR MISSIONS
— A GENERAL CONFERENCE IN ENGLAND.
Monday, April 8, 1844. — [Conference Report Continued.]
At three-quarters past 9 a. m., President Joseph Smith took his seat
on the stand and reqnested the choir to sing a hymn. He called upon
Elder Brigham Young to read 1st Corinthians, 15th chapter, as his own
lungs were injured.
Elder Brigham Young said — to continue the subject of President
Smith's discourse yesterday, I shall commence by reading the 15th
chapter of 1st Corinthians, from an old Bible; and requested W. W.
Phelps to read it.
Prayer by Elder Brigham Young, after which the choir sang a hymn.
President Joseph Smith's Remarks — The Whole of America Zion.
President Joseph Smith said: — It is just as impossible, for me to
continue the subject of yesterday as to raise the dead. My lungs are
worn out. There is a time to all things, and I must wait. I will give it
up, and leave the time to those who can make you hear, and I will con-
tinue the subject of my discourse some other time. \I want to make a
proclamation to the Elders. I wanted you to stay, in order that I might
make this proclamation. You know very well that the Lord has led
this Church by revelation. I have another revelation in relation to
economy in the Church — a great, grand, and glorious revelation. I
shall not be able to dwell as largely upon it now as at some other time;
but I will give you the first principles. You know there has been great
discussion in relation to Zion — where it is, and where the gathering of
the dispensation is, and which I an now going to tell you. The proph-
ets have spoken and written upon it; but I will make a proclamation
that will cover a broader ground, .'he whole of America is Zion itself
Please note that the pagination in this
volume jumps from p. 301 to p. 318. This
is a printing error only. There are no
missing pages.
A. D. 1814] HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 319
from north to south, and is described by the Prophets, xoho declare that it is
the Zion where the mountain of the Lord should be, and that it should be
in the center of the land. When Elders shall take up and examine the
old prophecies in the Bible, they will see it.
^-sThe declaration this morning is, that as soon as the Temple and bap-
tismal font are prepared, we calculate to give the Elders of Israel their
washings and anointings, and attend to those last and more impressive
ordinances, without which we cannot obtain celestial thrones. But
there must be a holy place prepared for that purpose. There was a
proclamation made during the time that the foundation of the Temple
was laid to that effect, and there are provisions made until the work is
completed, so that men may receive their endowments and be made
kings and priests unto the Most High God, having nothing to do with
temporal things, but their whole time will be taken up with things per-
taining to the house of God. There must, however, be a place built
expressly for that purpose, and for men to be baptized for th^ir dead.
It must be built in this the central place; for every man who wishes to
save his father, mother, brothers, sisters and friends, must go through
all the ordinances for each one of them separately, the same as for
himself, from baptism to ordination, washings and anointings, and
receive all the keys and powers of the Priesthood, the same as for himself. ^V
Cjhave received instructions from the Lord that from henceforth wherever
the Elders of Israel shall build up churches and br-anehes unto the Lord
throughout the States, there shall be a stake of Zion. In the. great cities, as
Boston. New York. <fec., there shall be stakest\ It is a glorious proclama-
tion, and I reserved it to the last, and designed it to be understood that
this work shall commence after the washings, anointings and endow-
ments have been performed here.
The Lord has an established law in relation to the matter: there
must be a particular spot for the salvation of our dead. I verily believe
there will be a place, and hence men who want to save their dead can
come and bring their families, do their work by being baptized and
attending to the other ordinances for their dead, and then may go back
again to live and wait till they go to receive their reward. I shall leave
my brethren to enlarge on this subject: it is my duty to teach the doe-
trine. I would teach it more fully — the spirit is willing but the flesh is
weak. God is not willing to let me gratify you; but I must teach the
Elders, and they should teach vou. God made Aaron to be the mouth-
piece for the children of Israel,* and He will make me be god to you in
* The scripture alluded to in the text is as follows: — Moses pleaded to be
excused from the appointment to deliver Israel on the plea that he was not elo-
quent; whereupon the Lord said: "Is not Aaron the Levite thy brother? I know
that he can speak well. And also, behold, he corneth forth to meet thee; and when he
320 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. TA.D. 1844
His stead, and the Elders to be mouth, for me; and if you don't like it,
you must lump it. I have been giving Elder Adams instruction iu some
principles to speak to you, and if he makes a mistake, I will get up and
correct him.
Elier G. J. Adams preached a discourse which occupied three hours,
and which could be heard a great distance.
President Joseph Smith turned over the conference into the hands
of the Twelve.
Choir sang a hymn. Prayer.
President Hyrum Smith called the conference to order at twenty-five
minutes to four p. m., and spoke to the assembly one hour and a half.
He treated upon the subject of Elders preaching abroad. He said it
was a matter of consequence that the Elders of Israel should know
what they were about when they go to preach the Gospel. They should,
like Paul, be ready to give a reason for the hope of their calling. When
they are sent to preach the Gospel, they should preach the Gospel and
nothing else, if they wish to stand approved themselves. The Elders are
sent into the world to preach faith, repentance, baptism for the remis"
sion of sins, and the laying on of hands for the reception of the Holy
Ghost and they should let the mysteries alone.
God has commanded you to preach repeutance to this generation;
and if this generation will not receive the first principles of the Gospel
and the Book of Mormon, they will receive nothing greater. Just go
and do as you are told and God will bless you.
It is the power of God that is going to convert the world, and noth-
ing but the power of God. Every man who knows me knows that I
have taught these principles from the beginning. It is the honest and
pure in heart that will harken to the everlasting covenant. They are
those who are noble and good; they will feed and clothe you and receive
your testimony; and we want the Elders to gather out the good seed
to Nauvoo. The day will come when you will see the wicked flee
when no man pursueth. I want you to be wise as serpents and harm-
less as doves. Preach principles that will stand the test of ages;
teach them good precepts and save souls, go forth as men of God, and
you will find friends wherever you go. Drink deep of the Spirit of Truth
and a great and mighty work shall be wrought in the world; hundreds
seeth thee.he will be glad in his heart. And thou shalt speak unto him, and put words
in his mouth; * * * And he shall be thy spokesman unto the people :
* * * * he shall be to thee instead of a mouth, and thou shalt be to him
instead of God" (Exodus iv: 14-16.)
Somewhat later this passage occurs: "And the Lord said unto Moses, See, I have
made thee a god to Pharaoh; and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet" (Exo-
dus vii: 1.)
A.D. 1844J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 321
and tens of thousands shall flock to the standard and go up to Zion
Many other remarks were made bv the speaker
After which Sidney Rigdon madJ a few remarks, and concurred in
what Brother Hyrum had said.
Twelve minutes to six, adjourned to April 9th, at eight o'clock, a. m.
Special Meeting oj Elders.
Tuesday, 9 .-[Conference Report Continued-]. At 8 a. in., the Elders
assembled at the stand, (President Brigham Young presiding,) and
were addressed by Elder Jtrnasa Lyman ; after which : President Brigham
loungsaid —
Address oj Brigham Young.
What has been given is correct; the speech and conduct of Elders
one towards another is frequently wrong; one Elder will speak evil
ot another; and while you trample others you will sink yourself. A
man has smking principles; but if his feelings are elevated, he will
build up others and build up himself. Just as sure as one Elder tries
to build himself upon the destruction of another, he will surelv sink
himself.
I would like to sit and hear the brethren teach for a week- but as
business is pressing, we must hurry through. Preach repentance to
this generation. Faith must go before repentance, and of course all
men must follow the course and obey the laws and ordinances for the
remission of sins, so as to receive the gift of the Holy Ghost, and then
your mission is done. Let a man who goes into the vineyard build up
all he can. If a man preaches anything in error, pray to God that no
man may remember it any more. No Elder will correct another in
public before unbelievers unless he has the sinking principle. I call all
the Eiders together to witness that I always use charity, for it covers a
multitude of sins.
North and South America Zion.
Let us obey the proclamation of Joseph Smith concerning the Elders
going forth into the vineyard to build up the Temple, get their endow-
ments, and be prepared to go forth and preach the Gospel. You may
build up Zion, and learn to be men, and not children. It was a perfect
sweepstakes when the Prophet called North and South America
Zion. Let us go to and build the Temple with all our might, that
we may build up the kingdom when established and her cords length-
ened. It is a perfect knock-down to the devil's kingdom. There is'not
a faithful Elder who cannot, if he is humble and diligent, build up the
Church. There are many men who will give you large sums to build a
21 VOL. VI
322 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
Stake of Zion where they live. It proves the words of the Prophet of
the last days.
The Priesthood is fitted to every capacity in the world. There are
blessings and conditions in that Priesthood that suit every man. This
will suit the condition of thousands, because it is as broad as the heav-
ens, deep as hell, and wide as eternity.
I am asked all sorts of questions about making gods and devils, and
organizing the eternal worlds; but we could not get it precisely into
our understandings so as to make them. The God we serve is the God
of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. There is no need of breaking the^ law
of the land if you keep the law of the Lord. I want a wife that can
take care of my children when I am away, who can pray, lay on hands,
anoint with oil, and baffle the enemy; and this is a spiritual wife.
The sweepstakes is a perfect knock-down to the devil. We will build
up churches and establish Zion and her stakes. This is a fire which,
cannot be put out: it has spread far faster than ever it did before. If
you kick us and cuff us, we will turn the world upside down, and make
the cart draw the horse. We want to build the Temple and have the
roof on this fall, in the name of Israel's God. There are hundreds of
Elders who will sell their property to build up the Temple. Let us pay
up our tithing. If there are any men who have not paid their tithing,
they will not get in there. Let the branches send teams with provisions
to work all the year.
We are aquainted with the views of Gen. Smith, the Democrats and
Whigs and all factions. It is now time to have a President of the
United States. Elders will be sent to preach the Gospel and election-
eer. The government belongs to God. No man can draw the dividing
line between the government of God and the government of the chil-
dren of men. You can't touch the Gospel without infringing upon the
common avocations of men. They may have helps and governments
in the Church, but it is all one at last.
Address oj Hyrum Smith the Patriarch.
Patriarch Hyrum Smith said: I never knew a proclamation to be un-
derstood at once. President Brigham Young wished to draw the atten-
tion of the brethren, first to build the Temple and get your washings,
anointings, and endowments; after that to build up branches through-
out the nations. We must do all we can to build up the
Temple, and aftei that to build churches. The gathering will
continue here until the Temple is so far finished that the Elders
can get their endowments; and after that the gathering will be
from the nations to North and South America, which is the land of
Zion. North and South America, are the symbols of the wings. The
A.D. 1844| HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 323
gathering from the old countries will always be to headquarters, and I
have no doubt this conference will do a great deal of good.
We have every power and principle to teach the people. Say what
God says, and say no more. Never deviate one fraction from what God
tells you. Elder Rigdon's remarks were very correct. Give out the
simple principles. A man never fails who only says what he knows;
and if any man says more, and can't give reasons, he falls short. Preach
the first principles of the Gospel — preach them over again: you will find
that day after day new ideas and additional light concerning them will
be revealed to you. You can enlarge upon them so as to comprehend
them clearly. You will then be able to make them more plainly under-
stood by those who teach, so that you will meet with scarcely any hon-
est man but will obey them, and none who can oppose. Adduce suffi-
cient reason to prove all things, and you can convert every honest man
in the world. The knowledge of the Gospel of Jesus Christ is not preval-
ent in the world, although it is written in the Holy Book. You can
prove it by the Holy Book they profess to believe in,' and your argu-
ments will be so strong and convincing, that people will hear and obey it
by thousands. The Savior says that to you it is given to know the mys-
teries of God, but to the world it is not given. You have power; you
are authorized to put down every foolish thing you hear. A wise man
will put it out of existence as he goes along; for light cleaveth unto
light, knowledge to knowledge, and intelligence to intelligence.
We engage in the election the same as in any other principle: you
are to vote for good men, and if you do not do this it is a sin: to vote
for wicked men, it would be sin. Choose the good and refuse the evil.
Men of false principles have preyed upon us like wolves upon helpless
lambs. Damn the rod of tyranny; curse it. Let every man use his
liberties according to the Constitution. Don't fear man or devil; elec-
tioneer with all people, male and female, and exhort them to do the
thing that is right. We want a President of the U. S , not a party
President, but a President of '.he whole people; for a party President
disfranchises the opposite party. Have a President who will maintain
every man in his rights.
I wish all of you to do all the good you can. We will try and convert
the nations into one solid union. I despise the principle that divides
the nation into party and faction. I want it to grow up like a green
bay tree. Damn the system of splitting up the nation into opposite
belligerent parties. Whatever are the rights of men guaranteed by the
Constitution of these United States, let them have them. Then, if we
were all in union, no one dare attempt to put a warlike foot on our soil.
I don't like to see the rights of Americans trampled down. I am
opposed to the policy of all such persons as would allow Great Britain
324 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
or any other power to take from us Oregon or any portion of our
national territory; and damn all who attempt it. Lift up your voices
like thunder: there is power and influence enough among us to put in a
President. I don't wonder at the old Carthagenian lawyer being
afraid of Joseph Smith being elected.
[A unanimous vote was passed by the immense assembly for Joseph
Smith to be the candidate for the next President.]
Address of Heber C. Kimball.
Elder Heber C. Kimball arose and said — What Brother Hyrum has
told you is God's truth, and will eventually come to pass. As he was
making his observations to the Elders, it made me think of the first
time that I went out into the vineyard to preach. I dwelt on one sub-
ject till it branched like unto a tree that was cultivated, until the
branches shot forth in all directions. Suppose you had only one seed
to plant, and that^eed was an acorn, and you spend your time in cul-
tivating it till it comes forth a great and mighty tree, branching forth
with many branches, and bearing fruit abundantly after its own kind.
So it is with the first principles of the Gospel, they branch out in all
directions, unfolding new light continually. They are eternal princi-
ples. I never preached anything else but the first principles. When
first we went to England, we preached nothing else, and never even
touched on the gathering, as there was no place of gathering, the
Church having been driven from Jackson County and also from Kirt-
land, and the Prophets, Patriarchs, Apostles and Saints were wander-
ing in the wilderness seeking for a home; but as soon as the people
were baptized and received the Holy Ghost, the most of them had the
spirit of prophecy, and prophesied of coming to this land, as being the
land of Zion; and the time would come that they should come here.
Yet we never taught the doctrine of the gathering or Book of Doctrine
and Covenants.
If you tell the people to stay, they will gather here stronger than
ever. If you want to cut anything off, you should know how to restore.
You should never cut off the ears of the people until you are able to make
them others. It is no matter what way you convert them so you do convert
them to believe the doctrines of the very Bible they have always professed
to believe. It is no use attempting to teach them other things until you
can make them believe the principles contained in the Bible which they
have been taught to reverence and believe from their infancy. It
teaches the gathering and all the principles of the Gospel necessary to
be taught to the unbelieving world. This is the thrashingfloor, where
the wheat is gathered to be thrashed. There are a great many green
heads, and they of course have to be pelted a little harder. After the
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 325
wheat is thrashed, it has to go through the farming-mill, and then the
screen, and then the smut-mill; then it has to be ground and to be
bolted: but many bolt away and leave. If you get a cudgeling, don't
be mad, for your heads are green. We are going to arrange a plan for
Conferences, and we design to send Elders to all the different States to
get up meetings and protracted meetings, and electioneer for Joseph to
be the next President.
A great many of the Elders will necessarily have to leave their fami-
lies, and the mothers will have to assume the responsibility of govern-
ing and taking care of the children to a much greater extent than when
their husbands were at home. I therefore exhort them to be humble,
faithful, and diligent, seeking to the Lord for wisdom to rear up their
children in righteousness and prepare them to roll on the work of the
Lord when their fathers shall have been worn out in the ministry. The
mothers, therefore, are the persons who will more or less have to train
the children.
Twenty minutes toll: A call was made for the volunteers to go
preaching to pass out to the green. A great company moved out and
returned to the right of the stand, and were numbered 244.
Twenty minutes to 1: Adjourned for one hour.
Met according to adjournment. The names of the volunteers were
called, and places assigned to each.
Brigham Young's Instruction to the Elders.
President Brigham Young said: Take care of yourselves, be wise,
be humble, and you will prosper. I curse all who degrade themselves
with corruption and licentiousness, as many have done. Magnify your
calling, keep yourselces pure and innocent, and your path shall be
clear as the horizon. We have all manner of prejudices to contend
with. We thank God for the Gospel, the Book of Mormon, and the
Temple, and sing glory to God; and yet there are characters among us
who from mere covetousness will squeeze a sixpence two inches long,
and we have all their iniquity to bear.
We have the honor to be the first fruits of this dispensation, and have
to contend with floods of oppression. Go humbly and prayerfully,
trusting and believing in God, and what you desire to do you will
accomplish. Cease not to ask the Father what you shall do, and He will
give you the Spirit. You know not the day of your visitation. What
is asked for in the name of Jesus Christ will be granted. J. C. Ben-
nett's power fell like the lightning. God was asked not to let Joe Dun-
can be governor, and it was so. We asked the Lord to deliver us from
Governor Revnolds. of Missouri; and he shot himself, and has
326 HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D. 1844
gone to hell. As for Squire Warren, of Quincy, it takes two of
him to make a shadow.
The Lord is cutting off the bitterest branches. Look at the explosion
of the big gun on board of the Princeton war-steamer at Washington.
God will deliver His faithful Saints. You will be innocent, and do a
good work: you will come back, and bring your sheaves with you,
rejoicing. Every man has the privilege of practicing godliness and vir-
tue, and of manifesting himself as a servant of the Most High God. Doc-
tor Foster lost his money by gambling, and joined blacklegs. Those
men who say there is evil in the Church are evil themselves. This doc-
trine is the best for any man to practice, and will do him good. Ask of
God that you may have wisdom to do all things. If you hear anything
of an Elder preaching false doctrine, ask of God in full faith that it may
be taken off the minds of the people.
A contribution was taken up for President Joseph Smith, $100 was
raised, and another $100 loaned.
Tuesday, April 9th, [ Continued] ?\-The weather has
been beautiful for the conference ; and they have been the
comment of greatest, best, and most glorious five consec-
smuh e on the utive days ever enjoyed by this generation,
conference. Much good was done. Many spectators were
present from Quincy, Alton, Warsaw, Fort Madison, and
other towns. When we consider the immense number
present, and the good order that was preserved, it speaks
much in favor of the morality of the city. j>
In the afternoon I rode out with Emma, Dr. Goforth,
and others to the mound. The peach trees look beautiful.
The Mayor and Marshal received a notification to pro-
duce docket and other papers in case of O. F. Bostwick,
before the circuit court at Carthage ; also a similar notifi-
cation to produce papers in case of Amos Davis,
appealed before Circuit Court.
A General Conference in England Beginning April 6th, and Continu-
ing Until April 9th, 1844.
According to previous announcement, the general conference of the
various branches of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
commenced its sittings in the Music Hall, Liverpool, on the 6th of April,
A.D. i844| HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 327
1844, Elder Reuben Hedlock, president of the mission, presiding, and
Elder J. S. Cantwell, acting as clerk.
Morning Session.
After opening meeting by singing and prayer, it was voted unani-
mously that Elder Reuben Hedlock preside over the conference and
that Elder J. S. Cantwell, act as clerk.
The number of officers present at the opening are as follows:— High
Priests, 10; Elders, 23; Priests, 5; Teachers, 3; Deacons, 2. The rep-
resentation of ihe various conferences was then called for: —
Manchester Conference represented by Elder Charles Miller,
including the branches of Manchester, Stockport, Ashton, Duckenfield*
Newton Moor, Mottram, Bolton, Edgeworth Moor, Edgerton, Leitb,
Chewmoor, Breightmet Fold, Bradshaw, Tottington, Summerseat, Bury.
Haslingden, Royton, Oldham, Rochdale, Eccles, Pendlebury, Heatons,
Ratcliffe, Halfare. Crossmoor, Didsbury, Middleton, Crompton Fold r
Marble Bridge, Ashworth Tops, Vale House. Comprises 1583 mem-
bers, 2 High Priests, 41 Elders, 100 Priests, 56 Teachers, 19 Dea-
cons. Baptized since last general conference, 194.
Liverpool Conference represented by Elder Mitchelson, including
Liverpool, the Isle of Man, Chester, part of Wales, Warrington, St.
Helens, and Graseby. Comprises 596 members, 3 High Priests, 29
Elders, 39 Priests, 19 Teachers, 11 Deacons. Baptized since last,
general conference, 107.
Preston Conference represented by Elder John Banks, including
Preston, Lancaster, Kendal, Brigsteer Holme, Heskin, Hunter's HilL
Euxton, Leyland, Southport, and Longton. Comprises 594 members,
1 High Priest, 16 Elders, 23 Priests, 17 Teachers, 4 Deacons. Bap-
tized since last general conference, 21.
London Conference represented by Elder John Cairns, including
London, Newbury, Woolwich, Dover, and Luton. Comprises 324 mem-
bers. 1 High Priest, 11 Elders, 21 Priests, 5 Teachers, 5 Deacons.
Baptized since last general conference, 47.
Macclesfield Conference represented by Elder Galley, including Mac-
clesfield, Bollington, Middlewich, Northwich, Plumbley, and Crewe.
Comprises 219 members, 1 High Priest, 10 Elders, 22 Priests, 14
Teachers, 7 Deacons. Baptized since last general conference, 15.
Birmingham Conference represented by Elder Crook, including
Birmingham, Gritsgreen, Oldbury, Wolverhampton, Dudley, Brittle-
lane, Bilston, Kidderminster, Leamington, Bloxwich, Stratford-upon-
Avon, Catthorpe, Westbromwich, Penydarren, Abersychan, Beaufort,
Rumny, Tredegar, Merthyr Tydvil,Aberdare. Comprises 707 members.
328 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
38 Elders, 49 Priests, 27 Teachers, 12 Deacons. Baptized since last
general conference, 200.
Wooden Box represented by Elder Robert Crook, including Wooden
Box, Dunstall, Branstone, Barton, and Colebille. Comprises 96 mem-
bers, 9 Elders, 10 Priests, 6 Teachers, 5 Deacons. Baptized since last
general conference, 60.
Staffordshire Conference represented by Elder George Simpson,
including Burslem, Hanley, Stoke-upon-Trent, Newcastle, Baddely
Edge, Bradley Green, Knutton Heath, Longton, Coxbank, Prees, Tun-
stall, Leek, Longport, Hassell Green, Allsager's Bank. Comprises 370
members, 1 High Priest, 29 Elders, 48 Priests, 20 Teachers, 11 Dea-
cons.
Edinburgh Conference represented by Elder George P. Waugh, includ-
ing Edinburgh, Wemyss,Sterling,and Pathead. Comprises 330 members,
11 Elders, 16 Priests, 7 Teachers, 3 Deacons. Baptized since Novem-
ber, 1843, 37.
Garaway Conference represented by Elder Blakey, including Gara-
way, Llanfoist, Buckle, Ewaisbarold, Llanthony, and Llanvano. Com-
prises 172 members, 4 Elders, 9 Priests, 8 Teachers, 1 Deacon.
Glasgow Conferennce represented by Elder James Houston, including
Glasgow, Paisley, Kilbirnie. Bridge of Weir, Thorny Bank and Shaws,
Campsie, Renfrew, Greenock, Ayr, Bonhill, Balfrone, Johnstone, Air-
drie, Irvine, and Calry. Comprises 833 members, 1 High Priest, 26
Elders, 39 Priests, 30 Teachers, 19 Deacons.
Sheffield Conference represented by letter, including Sheffield, Wood-
house, Dennington, and Brampton. Comprises 201 members, 5 Elders,
9 Priests, 5 Teachers, 3 Deacons.
Bradford Conference represented by Elder William Speakman,
including Bradford, Idle, Leeds, Doncaster. Comprises 206. members,
9 Elders, 15 Priests, 8 Teachers, 6 Deacons. Baptized since last gen-
eral conference, 44.
Ireland represented by Elder Sloan, including Hillsborough, Craw-
fordsburn, and Melusk, Comprises 52 members, 5 Elders, 1 Priest, 1
Teacher.
Lincolnshire Conference represented by letter. Comprises 27 mem-
bers, 2 Elders, 2 Priests, 1 Teacher, 1 Deacon. Baptized since last gen-
eral conference, 17.
Worcestershire Conference represented by Elder Thomas Smith,
including Earls Common, Pinvin, Flyford Plavel, Worcester, Broms-
grove, Randan Woods, Barford, St. John's, and Milton. Comprises 140
members, 6 Elders, 10 Priests. 3 Teachers, 3 Deacons. Baptized since
last general conference, 28.
Clitheroe Conference represented by Elder William Snalatn, including
A J). 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 329
Clitheroe, Chatburn, Downham. Waddington, Ribchester, Chaigley, and
Settle. Comprises 299 members, 16 Elders, 22 Priests, 18 Teachers, 4
Deacons. Baptized since last general conference, 14.
Leicester Conference represented by Elder Thomas Margetts, includ-
ing Leicester and Nottingham. Comprises 127 members, 5 Elders, 10
Priests, 1 Teacher, 2 Deacons.
Cheltenham Conference represented by letter, consisting of 18
branches. Comprises 532 members, 17 Elders, 30 Priests, 13 Teach-
ers, 5 Deacons. Baptized since last General Conference, 90.
Bath represented by letter, comprising 31 members, 1 Elder, 2
Priests.
Wolverton represented by letter. Comprises 8 members, 1 Elder, 2
Priests.
Carlisle represented by letter. Comprises 160 members, 8 Elders,
19 Priests, 8 Teachers, 3 Deacons; and contains four branches.
Littlemoor represented by letter. Comprises 6 members, 1 Priest.
Bedfordshire Conference represented by letter, including 12 branches
Comprises 184 members, 14 Elders, 20 Priests, 9 Teachers, 2 Deacons.
The number of members and authorities of each conference being
ascertained as nearly as possible, it was determined that the delegates
should represent the condition of each conference, and what alterations
or measures were necessary to be adopted for the wellbeing of each
other.
Elder Charles Miller having remarked that he had been challenged
to discussion, and had accepted it, it led to some remarks from Elder
Ward as to the very little good effected in general by discussions; and
that it was beneath the servants of God to turn aside from the path of
duty to wrangle and dispute like the people of the world; and that
while the professors of modern religion were in a manner devouring
each other, the path of the Saints ought to be onward in the proclama-
tion of the principles of truth.
Elder Hedlock agreed with the remarks of Elder Ward, and stated
that they were in perfect accordance with the advice of the First Presi-
dency, and that the evil ought to be guarded against as much as
possible.
[The remaining sessions of the conference were devoted to hearing
reports from the several conferences comprising the mission, giving
instruction relative to ordaining men to the ministry, and the manner
of conducting the ministry of the Church to make it effective. Among
other items of interest was a communication from the Twelve in Nau-
voo making the nomination of Elders Reuben Hedlock and Thomas
Ward to preside over the British Mission, which nomination was
accepted by the conference, and these brethren were unanimously
330 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. IA.D. 1844
sustained as the presidency of the mission. The publication of the
Millennial Star had been ordered suspended by the Twelve, but the
conference voted by unanimous acclamation that this conference request
the quorum of the Twelve to permit the continued publication of that
periodical. The minutes of the conference state that —
"Elder Hedlock addressed the assembly on the subject of the publica-
tions, and was desirous of taking the sense of that meeting on the same.
It was true that the quorum of the Twelve had advised that the publi-
cation of the Millennial Star be stopped, and had given him authority
to publish a circular as occasion might require; but he believed most
sincerely that the stoppage of the Star would have a most injurious
tendency.
"Several having spoken to the same effect, Elder Ward remarked
that, if a publication was to be issued at all, it appeared trifling with
the interest of the cause to change the name, inasmuch as the office had
received the name of the Millennial Star Office, and many letters came
to them with that address."
[Then followed the action of the conference upon the subject noted
above. Permission must have been given soon afterwards to renew the
publication of the Star, since it missed but one issue, that of May, 1844
— it was then published monthly. See vols, v and vi.]
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 331
CHAPTER XV.
DIFFICULTIES WITH THE HIGBEES AND FOSTERS — CONFER-
ENCES APPOINTED BY THE TWELVE THROUGHOUT THE
UNITED STATES — INSTRUCTIONS TO REUBEN HEDLOCK,
PRESIDENT OF THE BRITISH MISSION — PREPARATIONS FOR
ENLARGEMENT OF THE WORK — FRANCIS M. HIGBEE's
SUIT AGAINST PRESIDENT SMITH — THE PROPHET RELEASED.
Wednesday, May 10, 1844.— The Twelve were in coun-
cil arranging a plan for appointing conferences.
Thursday, 11. — In general council in Masonic Hall,
morning and afternoon. Had a very interesting time.
The Spirit of the Lord was with us, and we closed the
council with loud shouts of Hosanna!
Friday, 12. — The Twelve met in council. Rode out
with Brothers Parker and Clayton to look at some land.
A conference was held at Cypry, Tuscaloosa County,
Alabama. Elder Benjamin L. Clapp, president, and
John Brown, clerk. Seven branches were represented,
consisting of 192 members, 12 Elders, 5 Priests, 4 Teach-
ers, and 2 Deacons, all in good standing.
Saturday, 13. — At 10 a. m. met in City Council. George
P. Styles was appointed City Attorney. I advise that the
council take such a course as would protect the innocent :
that in many cases the attorney would get his pay off the
individual emplojing him ; that the appointment would be
a valuable consideration, and for one year a salary of $100
would be sufficient; perhaps 8160 the next year, &c,
increasing as the city increases ; and if $100 would not
satisfy, we had better have no attorney. "I would
332 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
rather give my services as counselor, &c, than levy a tax
the people are not able to pay; and that every man ought
to be willing to help prop the city by bearing a share of
the burden till the city is able to pay a higher salary. My
opinion is that the officers of the city should be satisfied
with a very small compensation for their services. I have
never received twenty-five dollars for my services; [as
counselor] but the peace I have enjoyed in the rights and
liberties of the city has been ample compensation."
I suggested the propriety of inserting a clause in the
ordinance to be made relating to the City Attorney, auth-
orizing him to claim fees of parties in certain cases, and
the small salary satisfy the attorney in cases where he can
get no fees from his client. "I would rather be docked
$100 in my salary than have the $200 given to the City
Attorney by the city."
I also proposed that the Council take into consideration
the payment of the police ; also proposed that a public
meeting be called in each ward to see if they will not,
then the council will take the case into consideration.
At 1 p. m. , the Municipal Court sat in the assembly
room, where I asked Dr. R. D. Foster if he bore my
expenses to Washington, or any part thereof.
Foster replied he did not.
I stated that Dr. Goforth had said that he was taken in
a secret council when Foster told him he had paid my
expenses.
Dr. Foster replied he never had a secret interview with
Dr. Goforth, and gave his version of the meeting.
I then asked him — "Have I ever misused you anyway?
Foster said — "I do not feel at liberty to answer this
question, under existing circumstances?"
I again asked him — "Did I ever misuse you?"
He again replied — "I do not feel at liberty to answer
under existing circumstances"
I then asked — "Did I ever wrong you in deal, or per-
sonally misuse you in any shape?"
A. D. 1844] HISTOEY OF THE CHUKCH. 333
Foster said, "I do not feel at liberty to answer. I have
treated you Christianly and friendly too, so far as I have
had the ability."
I then asked him to tell me where I had done wrong,
and I will ask his forgiveness ; for I want you to prove to
this company by your testimony that I have treated you
honorably.
Foster then said — "I shall testify no further at
present."
I then asked Justice Aaron Johnson — "Did I ever make
oath before you against Simpson!"
He replied — "Not before the prosecution."
I then told the whole story.
Andrew Colton then came up before the Municipal Court
on habeas corpus, and was discharged on the insufficiency
of the papers.
After which, I preferred the following charge before
the High Council against Dr. Robert D. Foster "for
unchristianlike conduct in general, for abusing my char-
acter privily, for throwing out slanderous insinuations
against me, for conspiring against my peace and safety,
for conspiring against my life, for conspiring against the
peace of my family, and for lying."
A charge was preferred against Harrison Sagers for
teaching spiritual wife doctrine and neglecting his family,
which was handed over to the High Council to act upon.
At 2 p. m., Elder John Taylor delivered a political
discourse.
About 5 p. m., the "Maid of loiva" arrived at the
Nauvoo House wharf, filled with passengers from
England, led by William Kay. 210 souls started from
Liverpool, and nearly all arrived in good health and spir-
its, one smaller company having previously arrived.
Sunday, 14. — Rainy day. No meeting at the stand. I
preached on board the "Maid of Iowa."
Committee of the Council met in the afternoon at my
office.
334 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Monday, 15. — At home settling with Dan Jones for
steamboat '"''Maid of Iowa.'''' She has returned in debt
about $1,700. After much conversation and deliberation,
I agreed to buy out Jones, by giving him property in the
city worth $1,231, and assuming the debts.
I rode out in the afternoon.
The Twelve Apostles arranged the appointments for the
general conferences in the United States as follows:
Quincy, 111., Sat. and Sun. May4 and 5
Princess Grove, 111., "
Ottowa, 111 v "
Chicago, 111., "
Comstock, Kallamazoo county, Mich.,
Pleasant Valley, Mich....... '"
Frankland, Oakland county, Mich "
Kirtland, Ohio "
G. A. Neal's six miles west of Lockport,N.Y. "
Batavia, JST. Y,, "
Portage, Alleghany county, N. Y., "
Hamilton, Madison county, N. Y., "
Oswego, N. Y., "
Adams, Jefferson county, N. Y„ "
London, Caledonia county, N. Y
Northfield, Washington county, ten miles
of Montpeliev, at Lyman Houghton's, N.Y.
Fairfield, Essex Co., at Elder Tracy's, N. Y. "
Boston, Mass., "
Salem, " "
New Bedford, Mass "
Peterboro.N.H., "
Lowell, Mass., "
Scarboro, Maine, "
VinalHaven"
Westfield, Mass., "
Farmington, Mass.,
New Haven, Conn., "
Canaan, Conn., "
Norwalk, "
New York City, N. Y., "
Philadelphia, Pa.,
Dresden, Weekly county, Tenn.,
1 4
" 11
12
( I
': is
19
((
" 25
26
II
June 1
2
4 i
" 8
9
. .
" 15
16
11
" 22
23
41
" 29
30
i 1
July 6
7
4 1
" 13
14
. 4
'• 20
21
4 4
June 29
30
( 1
July 6
7
II
June 15
16
It
" 29
30
II
July 13
14
II
June 29
30
II
July 6
7
4 1
" 13
14
1 1
" 13
14
. 4
" 27
28
II
11 G
7
• '
" 13
14
4 4
" 27
28
4 4
Aug. 3
4
4 4
" 10
11
4 4
'• 17
18
1 .
4. U
25
4l
" 17
18
1 •
Aug.31Sep. 1
'•
May 25
26
Ji.D. 1844]
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
335
Eagle Creek, Benton county, Tenn., Sat and
Dyer county, C. H.,
Rutherford county, C. H., Tenn.,
Lexington, Henderson county, Tenn.,
New Albany, Clinton county, Ky.,
Alquina, Fayette county, la.,
Pleasant Garden, la.,
Fort Wayne, la.,
Northfield, Boon county, la.,
Cincinnati, Ohio,
Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Leechburg, "
Running Water Branch, Noxuble Co., Miss.,
Tuscaloosa, Ala.,
Washington City, D. C, Sept. 7, 8, 9, 10,
We also publish the names of the Elders who are
appointed to the several states, together with their
appointments. Those who are numbered with the figures
1 and 2 will take the presidency of the several states to
which they are appointed.
Sun June 8
9
4* l« rto
23
*
' July 20
21
*
Aug. 3
4
c
June 29
30
•
" 1
2
i «
" L5
16
» •
" 29
30
4
July 13
14
t i
May 18
19
4
June 1
2
4
" 15
16
I
" 1
2
" " 22
23
LI,
12, 13, 14,
15.
MAINE.
J. Butterfield, 1st
Jonathan H. Hale
Elbridge Tufts, 2nd
Henry Herriman,
S. B. Stoddard
John Moon
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
W. Snow, 1st
Harley Morley
Howard Egan, 2nd
Israel Barlow
Alvin Cooley
David Clough, Sen.
John S. Twiss,
Calvin Reed
Charles A. Adams,
Chilion Mack
Bethuel Miller
Isaac Burton
A. D. Boynton.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Daniel Spencer, 1st
George Lloyd
Milton F. Bartlett
Orlando D. Hovey
Daniel Loveland
Nathaniel Ashby
Joseph J. Woodbury
Samuel P. Hoyt
W. H. Woodbury.
Daniel W. Gardner
John R. Blanchard
336
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
[A. D. 1844
William Seabury, 1st
Thomas McTaggart
E. H. Davis, 1st
Erastus Snow, 1st
William Hyde
Denman Cornish,
Jeremiah Hatch
Martin Titus
William Haight
John D. Chase
Josiah H. Perry
Amo?; Hodges.
C. W. Wandell, 1st
Marcellus Bates, 2nd
Truman Gillett
A. A. Farnham
Edmund Ellsworth,
Gregory Bentley
Homer C. Hoyt
Isaac Chase,
Simeon A. Dunn
Daniel Shearer
James W. Phippin
J. H. Van Natta
Samuel P. Bacon
Bradford W, Elliott
J. R. G. Phelps
Joseph P. Noble
John Tanner
Thomas Fuller
O. M. Duel
Samuel White
W. R. R. Stowell
William D. Pratt
Marcellus McKeown
Horace S. Eldredge
RHODE ISLAND.
Melvin Wilbur
CONNECTICUT.
Quartus S. Sparks
VERMONT.
Warren Snow
Dominicus Carter
Levi W. Hancock
Alfred Cordon
Charles Snow
James C. Snow
A. M. Harding
Isaac Houston
NEW YORK.
William Newland
Allen Wait
William H. Parshall,
C. H. Wheelock
Timothy B. Foote
George W. Fowler
Henry L. Cook
William W. Dryer
Elijah Reed
Solon Foster
Hiram Bennett
Chandler Holbrook
Lyman Hall
William Felshaw
Daniel Fisher,
D. H. Redfield
Martin H. Tanner
G. D, Goldsmith
Charles Thompson
B. C Elsworth
Archibald Bates
David Pettigrew
Ellis Eames
A.D. 1844J
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
337
Ezra T. Benson, 1st
D. D. Yearsley, 1st
Edson Whipple, 2nd
John Duncan
Stephen Post
G. W. Grouse
Jacob Shoemaker
Stephen Winchester
Hyrum Nyman
J. M. Cole
Charles Warner.
John Jones
Warren Snow
Jacob Hamblin
Lyman Stoddard.
B. Winchester, 1st
S. C. Shelton, 2nd
Geo. D. Watt. 3rd
Chapman Duncan
Joseph King
Peter Fife
Robert Hamilton
A. McRae, 1st
Aaron Razer, 2nd
Thomas Guymon
George Watt.
Alonzo LeBaron, 1st
John M. Emell
William D. Lyman.
Morgan L. Gardner
Isaac Beebe
22 Vol. VI
NEW JERSEY.
John Pack
PENNSYLVANIA.
Wm. P. Mclntyre
Jacob Zundall
Orrin D. Farlin
Henry Mouer
G. Chamberlain
Thomas Hess
A. J. Gl*efke
Henry Dean
James Downing
DELAWARE.
Jonathan 0. Duke
Justus Morse
MARYLAND.
Patrick Norris
VIRGINIA.
James Park
A. W. Whitney
Pleasant Ewell
W. E. Higginbottom
John F. Betts
Alfred B. Lambson
David Evans
NORTH CAROLINA.
John Holt
John Houston
James Sanderson
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Ekells Truly
William Smith
GEORGIA.
Miles Anderson
S. E. Carpenter
338
John D. Lee, 1st
D. H. Rogers
Samuel B. Frost
John 0. Angus
Charles Spry
John H. Reid
William Watkins.
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH.
KENTUCKY.
D. D. Hunt
M. B. Welton
Horace B. Owens
Joseph Holbrook
Hiram W. Mikesell
Garret W. Mikesell
A O. 1844
A. O. Smoot, 1st
Alphonzo Young, 2nd
W. W. Riley
Amos Davis
L. T. Coon
Jackson Smith
W. P. Vance
H. D. Buys
A. D. Young
Joseph Younger
G. W. Langley
G. Penn
B. L. Clapp, 1st
G. W. Brandon
J. B. Walker
Ethan Barrus.
J. B. Bosworth, 1st
H. H. Wilson
Wm. Nelson
A. A. Simmons
Darwin Chase
Lorenzo Snow, 1st
L. Brooks, 2nd
Alfred Brown
J. J. Riser
TENNESSEE.
J. J. Castell
J. A. Kelting
J. Hampton
Alfred Bell
Armstead Moffitt
D. P. Rainey
James Holt,
Warren Smith
J. J. Sasnett
H. B. Jacobs
John L. Fullmer
Joseph Mount
ALABAMA.
L. D. Butler
T. J. Brandon
MISSISSIPPI-
Daniel Tyler
LOUISIANA.
John Kelly
George Pew
Lorenzo Moore
ARKANSAS.
J. A. Mcintosh
Nathaniel Leavitt
OHIO.
William Batson
G. C. Riser
Clark Lewis
B. W. Wilson
A. D. 1844|
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH
339
J. Carroll
L. 0. Littlefteld
J. M. Powers
Milo Andrus
John Lovelace
W. H. Folsom
John Cooper
S. Carter
John Nichols
David Jones
Nathaniel Childs
Jesse Johnson
J. A. Casper
Joseph Rose
W. Brothers
Jared Porter
John W. Roberts
Amasa Lyman, 1st
G. P. Dykes, 2nd
A. L. Lamoreaux
Charles Hopkins
F. M. Edwards
Salmon Warner
F. D. Richards
S. W. Richards
John Mackey
James Newberry
Abraham Palmer
John G. Smith
Charles C. Rich, 1st
Harvey Green, 2nd
Thomas Dunn
R. C. Sprague
Joseph Curtis
Zebedee Coltrin
Reuben W. Strong
L. N. Kendall
E. H. Groves, 1st
A. W. Condit
Loren Babbitt
Elijah Newman
Milton Stow
Edson Barney
Hiram Dayton
Jacob Morris
Ezra Strong
J. M. Emmett
Allen Tulley
P. H. Young
S. P. Hutchins
J. H. Foster
Nathan T. Porter
Ezra Vincent
Lysander Dayton
INDIANA.
U. V. Stewart
Washington Lemon
Edward Carlin
L. D. Young
Wm. Snow
Nathan Tanner
Wm. Marlndale
Henry Elliott
A. F. Farr
John Jones
Frederick Ott
MICHIGAN.
Wm. Savage
David Savage
Graham Coltrin
Samuel Parker
Jeremiah Curtis
C. W. Hubbard
S. D. Willard
Wm. Gribble
ILLINOIS.
Morris Phelps, 2nd
340
HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH.
[A. D. 1844
John Vance
H. Olmstead, Galena
H. W. Barnes, do.
Hiram Mott,
David Candland
W. A. Duncan
Wm. 0. Clark
Almon Bathrick
P. H. Buzzard
Zachariah Hardy
John Hammond
G. W. Hickerson
Daniel Allen
David Judah
Thomas Dobson
James Nelson
David Lewis
A. H. Perkins. 1st
John Lowry 2nd
Wm. G. Rule
F. Nickerson, 1st
S. Mulliner
John Gould
Zenus H. Gurley
Jefferson Hunt
Jacob L. Burnham
D. J. Kershner
N. Leavitt
John Laurence
Nathan A. West
Levi Jackman
Abel Lamb
Howard Coray
Stephen Markham
Levi Stewart
James Graham
Timothy S. Hoit
Duncan McArthur
MISSOURI.
Wm. Coray
0. M. Allen
Wm. H. Jordan
WISCONSIN TERRITORY.
■
S. H. Briggs
FREE.
A. C. Nickerson
L. S. Nickerson
Those Elders who are numbered in the foregoing list to preside over
the different states will appoint conferences in all places in their several
states where opportunities present, and will attend all the confer-
ences, or send experienced and able Elders, who will preach the truth
in righteousness, and present before the people "General Smith's Views
of the Powers and Policy of the General Government," and seek dili-
gently to get up electors who will go for him for the Presidency. All
the Elders will be faithful in preaching the Gospel in its simplicity and
beauty, in all meekness, humility, long-suffering and pray erf ulness; and
the Twelve will devote the season to traveling, and will attend as many
conferences as possible.
Elder B. Winchester is instructed to pass through Mississippi, Ala-
bama, Georgia, North and South Carolina and Virginia, to visit the
churches, hold conferences, and preside over them.
Brigham Young, President
W. Richards, Clerk of the Quorum of the Twelve.
A. D. 1844.] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 341
Tuesday, 16. — Bode out to Brother Green wood's, but
he had not returned. Five p. m. had a long talk with
Chauncey L. Higbee and Esq. Marr, in front of my house,
and read to them Dr. A. B. Williams' and M. G. Eaton's
affidavit before Esq. Wells.
The Twelve Apostles met in council.
Wednesday 17. — Rode out with Brother Heber C. Kim-
ball and William Clayton to the steamboat landing.
Remainder of the day at home.
Thursday, IS. — Nine a. m. went into general council
until noon and introduced J. W. Coolidge, D. S. Hollister,
and added Lyman Wight's name.
While at Hinner I made mention of the report that Fos-
ter, Higbee, et al. were paying someone's board at my
table so as to catch something against me; so that, if the
report is true, they may have something to carry back.
Two to five thirty p. m. in council.
ig, Willard Richards, John
Heber C. Kimball, Wilford
Woodruff, of the Twelve Apostles ; Alpheus Cutler, Sam-
uel Bent, George W. Harris, A. Johnson, William Marks,
of the City Council; Charles C. Rich, Amasa M. Lyman,
of the High Council; William W. Phelps, Newel K. Whit-
ney, John Smith, John M. Bernhisel, Joseph Fielding,
George J. Adams, Erastus Snow, Reynolds Cahoon, J.
W. Coolidge, John Scott, JohnD. Lee, LeviW. Hancock,
S. Williams, Jos. Young, John P.Greene, John D. Parker,
Alexander McRae, George D. Watt, and William Clayton
held a council and unanimously cut off Robert Eicommuui-
D. Foster, Wilson Law, William Law and the^Laws,
Jane Law, of Xauvoo, and Howard Smith of Fosters - et aL
Scott county, Illinois, from the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-day Saints, for unchristianlike conduct; and
their names were published in the Times and Seasons. ^>
Friday, 19. — A company of about eighty Saints arrived.
In the evening rode to the upper steamboat landing.
iwo to nve tnirty p. m. in i
\A.t 6 p. m. Brighain Youn|
Taylor, George A. Smith, E
342 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
Saturday, ^.-Emma started for St. Louis to purchase
goods.
I rode out with Dr. Bernhisel and my boys Frederick
and Alexander to the prairie, which is now very green.
Elders Brigham Young and Wilford Woodruff rode to
Lima and spent the night with Father Morley.
Sunday, 21.— At home; rainy day. A meeting at the
Stand. Elder Erastus Snow preached on "The Law of
•Nature.' 1
Elders Young and Woodruff attended a conference and
preached to the Saints in Lima, where twenty-six Elders
volunteered to go out preaching.
Elder Kimball attended a conference at Ramus.
Monday, 22.— All night lightning, thundering, raining,
with strong east wind which continued through the day.
The river very high; all the mills in the city stopped on
account of the high water.
This morning a man, who had put up at my house told
me he wanted to see me alone. I went into my room with
him, when he told me he was a prophet of G-od, that he
came from Vermont, and he prophecied that this Govern-
ment, was about to be overthrown, and the kingdom
which Daniel speaks of was about to be established some-
where in the West, and he thought in Illinois.
My brother William arrived from New Jersey with some
forty or fifty Saints. I spent some time with him in the
evening.
Elders Young and Woodruff started for Nauvoo; but
on account of a tremendous storm of hail and rain, they
were glad to take shelter at Brother William Draper's,
where they spent the night.
Tuesday, 9.— From 9 to 12 a general meeting of citi-
zens friendly to my election, was held in the hall, to elect
a delegate to go to the Baltimore Convention, to be held
on the first Monday in May. D. S. Hollister was
elected.
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 343
From 3 to 5 p. m. again assembled, and many speeches
were made, &c; and appointed the second Monday in
May to hold a State Convention at Nauvoo.
In the evening, visited Agnes, my brother Carlos'
widow, and Dr. Richards, with Hyrum.
Wednesday, 24.— Rode up to the steamboat landing,
where we found Elder J. M. Grant, who introduced me to
Judge William Richards, of New Jersey, took him to
Brother Winchester's.
In the evening Brother Ezra Thayer, Dr. Richards, and
Dr. Williams were in my room, and a man who boarded
at the Masonic Hall. At their request, I gave them a his-
tory of the Laws' proceedings, in part, in trying to make
a difficulty in my family, &c.
Gave recommendations to Elders Amasa M. Lyman and
D. S. Hollister.
Thursday, 25. — Emma returned from St. Louis.
A brother who works in the St. Louis Gazette office came
up at the same time, and wanted to know by what prin-
ciple I got so much power, how many inhabitants and
armed men we had, &c. I told him I obtained power on
the principles of truth and virtue, which would last when
I was dead and gone, &c.
In general council from 10 till 12, and from 2 to 5,
when they adjourned sine die, after appointing a State
Convention to meet in Nauvoo on 17th May. The coun-
cil then dispersed to go abroad in the nations.
Instructed Dr. Richards to make out a writ of habeas
corpus for Mr. Jeremiah Smith, of Iowa, who was expect-
ing to be arrested by the U. S. Marshal for getting money
which was due him, as he says, at Washington.
A play on rational amusement was to commence this
evening, but a most tremendous shower of rain and large
hail from the southwest commenced about six p. m. which
prevented it. The small creeks rose over four feet high,
overflowed their banks, sweeping away fences, and doing
considerable damage.
344 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
The Mississippi river is higher at this place than ever
known by the oldest inhabitant.
^Friday 26. — At home. At 10 a. m. the Marshal went
up on the hill to arrest Augustine Spencer for an assault
on his brother, Orson Spencer, in his own house. Robert
D. Foster, Charles Foster and Chauncey L. Higbee came
down. Charles Foster drew a pistol pointed
Violence of -i i i -i
the Fosters towards me, and threatened to shoot while
standing on the steps of my office. I
ordered him to be arrested and the pistol taken from him,
when a struggle ensued, in which Charles Foster, Robert
D. Foster and Chauncey L. Highbee resisted, and I
ordered them to be arrested also, and I as the Mayor
ordered the policemen to be called ; then went on to try
Augustine Spencer. He was fined $100, and required to
give bonds in $100 to keep the peace for six months. He
appealed the case at once to the Municipal Court.
Robert D. Foster, Chauncey L. Higbee, and Charles
Foster were also tried for resisting the authorities of the city.
O. P. Rockwell sworn. Marshal John P.Greene sworn: —
Said Dr. Foster swore by (rod that he would not assist
the Marshal, and swore by God they would see the Mayor
in hell before they would go; and that Charles Foster
drew a pistol and presented at the Mayor, which was
being wrested- from him when Dr. Robert D. Foster in-
terfered. Charles Foster and Chauncey L. Higbee said
they would be G — d d if they would not shoot the
Mayor. They breathed out many hard threatenings and
menacing sayings. They said they would consider them-
selves the favored of God for the privilege of shooting
or ridding the world of such a tyrant (referring to the
Mayor) . ^s*
Joseph W. Coolidge sworn, and confirmed the Marshal's
testimony.
Elbridge Tufts sworn, and confirmed the foregoing
statements.
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 345
Robert D. Foster, Charles Foster and Chauncey— L.
Higbee were each fined $100. Tney immediately took
an appeal to the Municipal Court.
I issued a warrant for Robert D. Foster, on complaint
of Willard Richards, for a breach of ordinance, in that
Foster said to Richards: "You," shaking his fist in the
doctor's face, "are another d— ned black-hearted villain!
You tried to seduce my wife on the boat, when she was
goiug to Xew York and I can prove it; and the oath is
out against you. "
Saturday, 27. — A large company of gentlemen from St.
Louis and other places on the river, called at the Man-
sion. After spending some time, they returned to the
boat, but it was gone, when they again returned to the
Mansion.
At 9 a. m. the case of Dr. Robert D. Foster came up
for trial before the Municipal Court. I had a conversation
with Foster in which he charged me with many crimes,
and said that Daniteism was in Xauvoo; and he used a
great variety of vile and false epithets and charges.
The court adjourned to Monday, the 29th at 9 a. m.
Foster agreed to meet me on the second Monday in
May, at the Stand, and have a settlement, and he would
publish the result of it in the Warsaw papers. I told him
if he did not agree to be quiet, and not attempt to raise a
mob, I would not meet him; if he would agree to be quiet,
I would be willing to publish the settlement in thp Neigh-
bor. But Foster would not agree to be quiet. I then
told him 1 had done my duty ; the skirts of my garments
were free from his (Foster's) blood; I had made the last
overtures of peace to him; and then delivered him into
the hands of God, and shook my garments against him as
a testimony thereof.
I continued in the office some time afterwards in con-
versation, and then went into the big room and read in
the Warsaw Signal a vile article against the Saints.
345 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. fA.D.1844
Elder Hiram Smith arrived from Liverpool accompanied
by one hundred and fifty immigrating Saints.
There was a meeting at the Stand at one o clock,
to give instructions to the Elders going out electioneer-
They were addressed by President Rigdon and Wil-
ing
liam Smith.
Dr. Richards prosecuted Robert D. Foster for slan-
der t^c.
Sunday, 28. -At home. A beautiful clear day.
My brother Hyrum preached at the Stand in the morn-
ing, and among other things, said the time will shortly
come that when one man makes another an offender tor a
word, he shall be cut off from the Church of Jesus Christ
There were prophets before, but Joseph has the spirit and
power of all the prophets.
President Brigham Young also spoke very pointedly
and very truly about Dr. Foster and others. Dr. Foster
was cursed, and the people cried "Amen.''
Several persons were baptized in the river at the foot ot
Main street.
There was a meeting of the Twelve Apostles, Seventies
and others, in the Seventies' Hall, in the afternoon.
Prayer meeting in the evening: the brethren prayed for
the sick, a deliverance from our enemies, a favorable
termination to lawsuits, &c, &c. I had been suddenly
taken sick, and was therefore unable to attend.
A conference of Elders assembled at Yelrome, or
Morley Settlement, Lima, Isaac Morley presiding, when a
quorum of High Priests was organized, consisting ot
thirty-one members. Horace Rawson president, Philip
Gardner and Joseph S. Allen, his counselors, and James
C. Snow, clerk.
/There was a meeting at Wilson Law's, near the saw-
^M of those who had been cut off from the Church, and
their dupes. Several affidavits which they had taken
against me and others were read. William Law, Wilson
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 347
Law, Austin A. Cowles, John Scott, Sen., Francis M.
Higbee, Kobert D. Foster, and Robert Pierce were
appointed a committee to visit the different families in
the city, and see who would join the new church; i. e.,
as they had decided that I was a fallen prophet, &c. ; and
they appointed William Law in my place, who chose Aus-
tin Cowles and Wilson Law as his counselors. Robert D.
Foster and Francis M. Higbee to be two of the Twelve
Apostles, &c, «&:c., as report says. ^>
Elder James Blackeslee preached in the forenoou,
bearing a faithful testimony of the truth of the work and
my being a true prophet, and in the afternoon joined the
"Anties.' ; They chose Charles Ivins Bishop.
A conference was held in Sheffield, England, repre-
senting 215 members, 7 Elders, 19 Priests, 5 Teachers,
and 3 Deacons.
Monday , 29 . — At home; received a visit from L. R.
Foster of New York, who gave me a good pencil case,
sent me by Brother Theodore Curtis, who is now in New
York; and the first words I wrote with it were, "God
bless the man!"
At 11 a. in., Robert D. Foster came up for trial. I
transferred the case to Alderman William Marks. Fos-
ter objected to the jurisdiction of the court, also to an
informality in the writ, &c.
The court decided he had not jurisdiction. Esquire
Noble, from Rock river, assisted the City Attorney.
Esquire Patrick was present.
I called a special session of the City Council at 3:30 p.
m., when it was voted that W. W. Phelps take the place
of John Taylor during his absence this season ; also Aaron
Johnson in place of Orson Hyde; Phineas Richards in
place of Heber C. Kimball; Edward Hunter in place of
Daniel Spencer; Levi Richards in place of Brigham
Young as councilors in the City Council ; and Elias Smith
as alderman in place of George A. Smith.
Lieutenant Williams filed his affidavit versus Major-
348 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
General Wilson Law, and he was suspended from office to
await his trial before a court-martial of the Nauvoo Le-
gion for nngentleinanly conduct, &c; and he was notified
of his command in the Legion being suspended, and Charles
C. Rich was notified to take command, and also notified
seven officers to sit as a court-martial.
William Law was supended for trial about the same
time.
Steamer Mermaid touched at Nauvoo House, landing at
5 p. m. for a short time when going down.
John P. Greene published the following in the
Neighbor: (Impression of May 1st.)
The Foster-Higbee Embroilment.
All is peace at Nauvoo, among the Saints:
But, Mr. Taylor, I wish you to give the following outrage an inser-
tion in the Neighbor, that the public mind may be disabused, and the
disgrace and shame fall on those who have justly deserved it and merited
the people's rebuke!
On Friday morning, the 26th inst.,I was informed by Mr.Orrin P.Rock-
well that one Mr. Augustine Spencer had committed an assault on the
person of Alderman Orson Spencer, and the Mayor of the city had sent
t'oi Augustine Spencer, and found him in Mr. Marr's law office, made
him a prisoner, and informed him he must go with me to the Mayor's
office, when he said he would not go.
I then called upon Robert D. Foster, Chauncey L. Higbee, and Charles
A. Foster to assist me in taking said Spencer to the Mayor's office; but
they swore they would not, and used many threatening oaths and asper-
sions, saying they would see the Mayor and the city damned, and then
they would not; but soon followed me and Mr. Augustine Spencer
to the office door, when the Mayor ordered me to arrest these three
men for refusing to assist me in the discharge of my duty: and when
attempting to arrest them, they all resisted, and with horrid impreca-
tions threatened to shoot.
I called for help, and there not being sufficient, the Mayor laid hold on
the two Fosters at the same time. At that instant Charles A. Foster drew
a double-barrel pistol on Mr. Smith, but it was instantly wrenched from
his hand; and afterwards he declared he would have shot the Mayor, if
we had let his pistol alone, and also he would thank God for the privil-
edge of ridding the world of a tyrant! Chauncey L. Higbee responded
to Foster's threats, and swore that he would do it.
A. D. 1844.] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 349
However, the three were arrested and brought before the Mayor,
whereupon Orrin P. Rockwell, Joseph Coolidge, John P. Greene and E.
Tufts testified to the amount of the above statements; upon which evi-
dence the court assessed a fine of one hundred dollars to each of the
above-named aggressors, who appealed to the Municipal Court.
I wish the public to know who it is that makes insurrections and dis-
turbs the peace and quiet of the people of the city of Nauvoo; and in
order to do this I need only to tell the world that this Robert D. Foster
is a county magistrate, and the same Robert D. Foster that was fined
for gambling a few weeks since; and that this Chauncey L. Higbee is
a lawyer and notary public of Hancock county, and the same Chauncey
L. Higbee that was fined for insulting the city officers (the marshal and
constable) when in the discharge of their official duties, a frw weeks
since.
"When the wicked rule the people mourn, but righteousness exalteth
any nation" — Solomon.
J. P. Greene, City Marshal.
N. B. — We wish it to be distinctly understood that neither of the
three above-named individuals are members of the Church of Latter-day
Saints, but we believe Charles A. Foster is a Methodist. — J. P. G.
Tuesday, 30. — At home counseling the brethren about
many things; received much company, &c.
In the afternoon in council with Hiram Clark and
Brigham Young, at Brigham Young's house, on the affairs
of the Church in England.
A complaint was commenced against William and Wil-
son Law in the Masonic Lodge, &c.
Sent notification to two more officers to sit in the court-
martial on the trial of William and Wilson Law.
The Osprey steamer touched at the Nauvoo House land-
ing in the evening.
Wednesday, May 1. — Heavy rain and wind last night.
At home counseling the brethren, and rode out a short
time in the afternoon with a gentleman from Quincy.
Elder Lyman Wight and Bishop George Miller arrived
from the Pine country.
Mr. Thomas A. Lyne,a tragedian from New York, assisted
by George J. Adams and others, got up a theatrical exhibi-
tion in the lower room of the Masoni 3 Hall, which was fitted
350 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. IA.D. 1844
up with very tasteful scenery. They performed ' 'Pizarro,"
"The Orphan of Geneva," "Douglas," "The Idiot Wit-
ness," "Damon and Pythias," and other plays with
marked success. The Hall was well attended each
evening, and the audience expressed their entire
satisfaction and approbation.
Thursday, 2. — Very windy all night, breaking down
large trees; a thunder storm also.
At home and counseling the brethren.
Sent William Clayton to Wilson Law to find out why he
refused paying his note, when he brought in some claims
as a set-off which Clayton knew were paid, leaving me no
remedy but the glorious uncertainty of the law. •
At 10 a. m. the Maid of Ioiva steamer started for
Rock River for a load of wheat and corn to feed the lab-
orers on the Temple.
William Clayton and Colonel Stephen Markham started
to attend court at Dixon, on the case of "Joseph Smith
vs. Harmon T. Wilson and Joseph H. Reynolds."
In the afternoon I rode to the prairie to sell some land,
and during my absence Lucien Woodworth returned from
Texas/
Lieut. Aaron Johnson made the following affidavit:
Nauvoo, May 2nd, 1844.
State of Illinois, Hancock Co., )
City op Nauvoo. I
Personally appeared before me, John Taylor, Judge-Advocate of the
Nauvoo Legion, Aaron Johnson; and being duly sworn deposes and
says that on or about the 28th day of April, 1844, at the dwelling house
of Wilson Law in Nauvoo aforesaid, Colonel R. D. Foster, Surgeon- in-
Chief, and Brevet Brigadier-General of said Nauvoo Legion, while talk-
ing about General Joseph Smith, said that General Smith kept a gang
of robbers and plunderers about his house for the purpose of robbing
and plundering, and he (Smith) received half the spoils; also that said
General Joseph Smith tried to get him (Foster) to go and kill Boggs,
with many other ungentlemanly and unofficer-like observations concern-
ing said General Smith and others. Aaron Johnson,
2nd Lieut., 1st Comp,, 1st Regiment, 2nd Cohort, Nauvoo Legion.
Personally appeared, Aaron Johnson, the signer of the above com-
A.D. 1844J HISTOKY OF THE CHDECH. 351
plaint, and made oath the same was true according to the best of his
knowledge and belief, the day and year above written before me.
John Taylor,
Judge- Advocate of the Nauvoo Legion.
Friday, 3. — At home giving advice to brethren who
were constantly calling to ask for counsel. Several thun-
der showers during the day.
In general council from 2 to 6, and from 8 to 10 p. m.
Lucien Woodworth gave an account of his mission.
Wrote a letter to Uncle John Smith, and requested him
to attend general council next Monday.
The following letter was written:
Letter: Brigham Young and Willard Richards to Reuben Hedlock — In-
' s'tructions on Immigration Matters.
Nauyoo, May 3rd, 1844.
Elder Reuben Hedlock:
Dear Brother — Your long communication by Elder Kay was
received two weeks last Saturday, also the one by Elder Clark last Sat-
urday, and we feel to thank you for the care you have taken to write us
so particularly. We are glad to receive such communications, and wish
you to continue the same course as opportunities present. The brethren
have all had good passages (four ships). Elder Clark was only five
weeks and three days to New Orleans. All things safe.
All things are going on gloriously at Nauvoo. We shall make a great
wake in the nation. Joseph for President. Your family is well, and
friends generally. We have already received several hundred volun-
teers to go out electioneering and preaching and more offering. We go
for storming the nation. But we must proceed to realities.
The whisperings of the Spirit to us are that you do well to content
yourself awhile longer in old England, and let your wife remain where
she is. We hope the Temple may be completed, say one year from this
spring, when in many respocts changes will take place. Until then,
who can do better in England than yourself! But we will not leave
you comfortless; we will send Elders to your assistance. For three or
four months we want all the help we can get in the United States; after
which you may expect help.
In the meantime you are at liberty to print as many Stars, pamphlets
hymn books, tracts, cards, &c, as you can sell; and make all the
money you can in righteousness. Don't reprint everything you get
from Nauvoo. Many things are printed here not best to circulate in
England. Select and write doctrine, and matter, (new) such as will be
352 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
useful to the Saints in England and new to us; so that when we
exchange papers all will be edified. God shall give you wisdom, if you
will seek to Him, aud you shall prosper in your printing.
We also wish you to unfurl your flag on your shipping office, and send
all the Saints you can to New York, or Boston, or Philadelphia or any
other port of the United States, but not at our expense any longer. We
have need of something to sustain us in our labors, and we want you to
go ahead with printiug and shipping, aad make enough to support your-
self and help us a bit. You will doubtless find it necessary to employ
Brother Ward. Keep all your books straight, so that we in the end
can know every particular.
Ship everybody to America you can get the money for — Saint and
sinner — a general shipping-office. And we would like to have our
shipping-agent in Liverpool sleep on as good a bed, eat at as respectable
a house, keep as genteel an office, and have his boots shine as bright,
and blacked as often as any other office-keeper. Yes sir; make you
money enough to wear a good broadcloth, and show the world that you
represent gentlemen of worth, character and respectability.
We will by-and-by have offices from the rivers to the ends of the
earth, and we will begin at Liverpool from this time and increase and
increase and increase the business of the office as fast as it can be
done in safety, and circumstances will permit. Employ a runner, if
necessary, and show the world you can do a better and more honorable
business than anybody else, and more of it. Don't be afraid to blow
your trumpet.
We need not say, deal with everybody so that they will want to deal
with you again, and make all the money you honestly can. Send no
more emigrants on emigration books or Star monev. Temple orders
for emigrants may be filled on Temple funds. Keep account of all
moneys in their separate departments and favor us with a report
occasionally.
Sell the Books of Mormon the first opportunity, if it be at a reduced
price, and forward the money by the first safe conveyance to Brigham
Young.
We will pay your wife as you requested in your letter, as soon
as possible. We wish you to take care of yourself and family, and
withal help us besides; and we have now put you in possession of
means to do it.
Let nobody know your business but the underwriters. Our wives
know not all our business, neither does any wise man's wife know all
things, for the secret of the Lord is with those that fear Him and do His
business. A hint to the wise is sufficient. But we will add, if you
want us to do anything for your wife, write us, and we will do it; but
A.D. 1844 J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 353
keel) our business from your wife and from everybody else
We are glad to hear a door is open in France, and sure we have no
objections to your going over and preaching, &c. ; but we think per-
haps you will now find as much to do in England as you can And time
to do it in; if not, go by all means. We are in hopes of sending a
special messenger to France in a few days; if so, very likely he may
call on you, and you pass over and give him an introduction: this would
be pleasant for you all.
Brother Hedlock, a word with you privately. Joseph said, last con
ference, that Zion included all North and South America; and after
the Temple was done, and the Elders endowed, they would spread
and build up cities all over the United States; but at present we are not
to teach this doctrine. Nay, hold your tongue. But by this you can
see why it is wsidom for the Saints to get into the United States — any*
where rather than stay in England to starve.
The prophet has a charter for a dam from the lower line of the city
to the island opposite Montrose, and from thence to the sand-bar above
in the Mississippi. Could five, six or seven thousand dollars be raised
to commence the dam at the lower extremity, and erect a building, any
machinery might be propelled by water. The value of a steam-engine
would nearly build the dam sufficient for a cotton-factory, which we
much need. Start some capitalists, if jou can: 'tis the greatest specu-
lation in the world: a world of cotton and woollen goods are wanted
here.
We have proposed to Brother Clark to return to your assistance in
the shipping business soon; also to enter into exchanges of goods and
produce. Which he will do, he has not decided. What will hinder your
doing a good business in shipping this season? Good? Yes, in com-
peting with the first offices in the city, and by next season taking the
lead, if not this! When the Saints get to New York, Boston, &c, let
them go to work, spread abroad in the land, or come to Nauvoo, as
they find convenient and have means, and when the season arrives,
start again for New Orleans. Write soon after the receipt of this, and
let us know the prospect.
Tell the Saints, when they arrive in America, to make themselves as
comfortable as they can, and be diligent in business, and not be over-
anxious if they cannot come to Nauvoo. They will find Elders in all
the states who will be ready to give them instruction; and if they can
gather something by the way by their industry to assist themselves with
when they arrive here, it will be well for them.
We have dropped the Nauvoo House until the Temple can be com-
pleted, and the Temple is going on finely. We have had an open win
ter and a forward spring. The Twelve are holding general conferences
all over the United States. They will go East soon, and Brother Young
23 VOL. VI
354 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A. D. 1844
will write to you as soon as he gets the information to tell what house
you can remit the book money to in New York.
We shall have a State Convention at Nauvoo on the 17th inst., — an
election. A great many are believing the doctrine. If any of the
brethren wish to go to Texas, we have no particular objection. You
may send a hundred thousand there if you can, in eighteen months,
though we expect before that you will return to receive your endow-
ments; and then we will consult your interest, with others who may be
going abroad, about taking their families with them.
The kingdom is organized; and, although as yet no bigger than a
grain of mustard seed, the 1 ttle plant is in a nourishing condition, and
our prospects brighter than ever. Cousin Lemuel is very friendly, and
cultivating the spirit of peace and union in his family very
extensively.
William and Wilson Law, Robert D. Foster, Chauncey L. and Francis
Higbee, Father Cowles, &c, have organized a new church. (Laws and
Fosters were first cut off). William Law is Prophet; James Blakesley
and Cowles, Counselors; Higbee and Foster of the Twelve. Cannot
learn all particulars. Charles Ivins, Bishop; old Dr. Green and old John
Scott, his counselors. They are talking of sending a mission to England.
but it will probably be after this when they come among you. 'Tis the
same old story over again — "The doctrine is ri^ht, but Joseph is a
fallen prophet."
Yonr brethren in the new covenant,
Brigham Young,
Willard Richards.
Elder Parley P. Pratt wrote from Richmond, Mass., as
follows :
Letter: Parley P. Pratt to Joseph Smith etal., Denouncing Augustine
Spencer.
Dear Brother Joseph and Brother Orson Spencer, or whom it may concern:
This is to forewarn you that you have a snake in the grass — a base
traitor and hypocrite in your midst, of whom perhaps you may not be
fully aware. You may think these harsh terms, but I speak from good
evidence and speak the truth.
Mr. Augustine Spencer, brother to Elder Orson Spencer, has written
a letter from Nauvoo, which is now going the rounds in this neighbor-
hood, and is fraught with the most infamous slander and lies concern-
ing Joseph Smith and others, and which is calculated to embitter the
minds of the people who read or hear it. It affirms that Joseph Smith
is in the habit of drinking, swearing, carousing, dancing all night, &c,
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. 355
and that he keeps six or seven young females as wives, &c, and many
other such like insinuations.
At the same time he cautions thp people to whom he writes to keep
the letter in such a way that a knowledge of its contents may not reach
Nauvoo, as he savs he is on intimate terms and confidential friendship
with the "Prophet Joe" and the Mormons, and that he hopes to get into
office by their means. This is his own acknowledgment of his own base-
ness, imposition and hypocrisy. I have not seen the letter my&elf, but
have carefully examined the testimony of those who have, and I have
also seen and witnessed its baneful effect upon \,he people here.
Now, I say to the Saints, Let such a man alone severely; shun him as
they would the pestilence; be not deceived by a smooth toague nor
flattering words; neither accept of any excuse or apology until he boldly
contradicts and counteracts his lying words abroad; but rather expose
and unmask him in your midst, that he may be known and consequently
become powerless, if he is not already so. I am well and expect to b^
in Boston tomorrow.
I remain, as ever, your friend and brother, in the love of truth,
P. P. Pratt.
Richmond, Mass., May 3rd, 1814.
Saturday, 4. — Bode out on the prairie to sell some land.
The stone work for four circular windows finished cutting
for the middle story of the Temple. Elder Wilford Wood-
ruff moved into his new brick house.
A court-martial was detailed as follows:
Headquarters Nauvoo Legion May 4, 1814.
lo Alanson Ripley, Sergeant- Major, 2nd Cohort, Nauvoo Legion:
You are hereby forthwith commanded to notify the following named
officers of the Nauvoo Legion to assemble at the office of Lieut. -General
Joseph Smith, on Friday, the 10th inst., at 9 o'clock a. m., as members
of a court-martial detailed for the trial of Robert D. Foster, Surgeon-in-
Chief and Brevet Brigadier- General of the Nauvoo Legion, on the com-
plaint of Lieut. Aaron Johnson for unofficer-like and unbecoming
conduct, and hereof fail not, and make returns of your proceedings to
the President of the Court on the first day of its sitting — vis.
Brig., -Gen. George Miller as President; Brevet Brig. Gen. Hugh
McFall, Brevet Brig. -General Daniel H. Wells, Brevet Brig.-Gen. John
S. Fullmer, Colonel Jonathan Dunham, Colonel Stephen Markham,
Colonel Hosea Stout, Colonel John Scott, Lieut. -Colonel John D.Parker,
Lieut.-Colonel Jonathan H. Hale, Lieut.-Colonel Theodore Turley, as
members of said court, and Colonel John Taylor as Judge- Advoca+p
356 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH- [A. D. 1844
Also to summons Willard Richards and Aaron Johnson to appear at the
same time and place as witnessses.
Given under my hand the day and year above written.
Charles C. Rich,
Maior-General N. L., Commanding.
Dr. Richards wrote a letter, at President Brigham
Young's request, to Reuben Hedlock.
Sunday, 5. — At home. Rainy day. Elder Jedediah
M. Grant preached at the Mansion at 2 p. m. A large
company of friends at my house afternoon and evening,
whom I addressed on the true policy of this people in our
intercourse with the national government.
A conference was held at Marsh Hill, (formerly
Froom's flill) England, compi*ising 681 members, 22
Elders, 43 Priests, 15 Teachers, 7 Deacons.
Monday, 6'.- -Attended general council all day. Elder
J. M. Grant was added to the council. Voted to send
Almon W. Babbitt on^a mission to France and Lucien
Woodworth to TexaslC Sidney Rigdon was nominated as
a candidate for the Vice-Presidency of the United States J^
I had a warrant served on me by John D. Parker,
issued by the clerk of the Circuit Court at Carthage, on
the complaint of Francis M. Higbee, who had laid his
damages at $5,000, but for what the writ does not state.
I petitioned the Municipal Court for a writ of habeas
corpus, which I obtained.
At 6 p. m. I was in conversation with Jeremiah Smith
and a number of gentlemen, in my office on the subject of
Emma's correspondence with Governor Carlin.
Beautiful day. West wind.
Tuesday 7. — Rode out on the prairie at nine a. m., with
some gentlemen, to sell them some land. A tremendous
thunder shower in the afternoon, with a strong wind and
rain, which abated about sunset, and I stayed at my farm
all night.
Esquire Daniel H. Wells issued a writ of ejectment
against all persons who had bought land of Robert D.
A.D. 1844| HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 35?
Foster on the block east of the Temple, Foster having
given them warranty deeds, but not having paid for the
land himself.
An opposition printing press arrives at Dr. Foster's.
The following notice was issued by the Recorder:
State of Illinois, )
City of Nauvoo. j
lo the Marshal of the said City, greeting:
You are hereby required ,'to notify Phineas Richards, Edward Hunter
and Levi Richards, that they have been elected members of the City
Council of said city; and Elias Smith, that he has been elected Alder-
man of said city by said Citv Council; and the said Councilors and
Alderman and Gustavus Hills are required to appear, receive their oath
of office, and take seats in said Council on Saturday, the 8th of June,
1844. at 10 o'clock a. m., at the Council Chamber. By order of the Council.
Witness my hand and corporation seal this 7th May, 1814.
[L. S.] W. Richards. Recorder.
Thursday, 8* — Returned home. At 10 a. m. went
before the Municipal Court on the case, "Francis M. Hig-
bee versus Joseph Smith."
Ihe Prophet" 1 s Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus.
Municipal Court, City of Nauvoo, Illinois.
Third day, regular term, May 8, 1844.
Before Alderman N. K. Whitney, acting Chief Justice, and Aldermen
Daniel H. Wells, William Marks, Orson Spencer, George W. Harris,
Gustavus Hills, George A. Smith and Samuel Bennett, Associate Just-
ices presiding.
Ex-parte ) Messrs. Styles and
Joseph Smith, Sen., > Rigdon, Counsel for
on habeas corpus. } Smith.
This case came before the court upon a return to a writ of habeas
corpus, which was issued by this court on the 6th of May instant, upon
the petition of Joseph Smith, Sen., as follows:
State of Illinois, J „ .
City of Nauvoo, J
lo the Honorabl". Municipal Court and for the City oj Nauvoo:
The undersigned, your petitioner, most respectfully represents that
he is an inhabitant of said city. Your petitioner further represents
that he is under arrest in said city, and is now in the custody of one
John D. Parker, deputy sheriff of the county of Hancock, and state of
358 HISTOKY OF THE CHUKCH. [A.D.1844
Illinois; and that the said Parker holds your petitioner by a writ of
Capias ad respondendum, issued by the clerk of the Circuit Court of the
county of Hancock and state of Illinois, at the instance of one Francis
M. Higbee of said county, requiring your petitioner to answer the said
Fraucis M. Higbee, "of a plea of the case;" damage, five thousand
dollars. Your petitioner further represents that the proceedings against
him are illegal; that the said w^irant of arrest is informal, and not of
that character which the law recognizes as valid; that the said writ is
wanting and deficient in the plea therein contained; that the charge or
complaint which your petitioner is therein required to answer is not
known to the law.
Your petitioner further avers that the said writ does not disclose in
any way or manner whatever any cause of action; which matter your
petitioner most respectfully submits for your consideration, together
with a copy of the said warrant of arrest which is hereunto attached.
Your petitioner further states that this proceeding has been instituted
against him without any just or legal cause; and further that the said
Francis M. Higbee is actuated by no other motive than a desire to perse-
cute and harass your petitioner for the base purpose of gratifying feel-
ing's of revenge, which, without any cause, the said Francis M. Higbee
has for a loug time been fostering and cherishing.
Your petitioner further states that he is not guilty of the charge pre-
ferred against him, or of any act against him, by which the said Francis
M. Higbee could have any charge, claim or demand whatever against
your petitioner.
Your petitioner further states that he verily believes that another
object the said F. M. Higbee had in instituting the proceeding was and
is to throw your petitioner into the hands of his enemies, that he might
the better carry out a conspiracy which has for some time been brewing
against the life of your petitioner.
Your petitioner further states that the suit which has been instituted
against him has been instituted through malice, private pique and corrup-
tion.
Your petitioner would therefore most respectfully ask your honorable
body to grant him the benefit of the writ of habeas corpus, that the
whole matter may be thoroughly investigated, and such order made as
the law and justice demand in the premises: and your petitioner will
ever pray. Joseph Smith, Sen.
Order of the Municipal Court.
State op Illinois, j g . Nauvoo, May 6th, 1844.
City op Nauvoo, J c '
Ihe people of the State of Illinois, to the Marshal of said city, greeting:
Whereas application has been made before the Municipal Court of
A.D. 1844] HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH. 359
said city, that the body of one Joseph Smith, Senior, of the said city of
Nauvoo, is in the custody of John D. Parker, deputy sheriff of Hancock
county and state aforesaid.
These are therefore to command the said John D. Parker, of the
county aforesaid, to safely have the body of said Joseph Smith, Senior,
of the city aforesaid, in his custody detained, as it is said, together with
the day and cause of his caption and detention, by whatsoever name the
said Joseph Smith, Senior, may be known or called, before the Municipal
Court of said city forthwith, to abide such order as the said court shall
make in this behalf; and further, if the said John D. Parker, or other
person or persons, having said Joseph Smith, Senior, of said citv of
Nauvoo, in custody, shall refuse or neglect to comply with the provi-
sions of this writ, you, the marshal of said city, or other person author-
ized to serve the same, are hereby required to arrest the person or per-
sons so refusing or neglecting to comply as aforesaid, and bring him or
them, together with the person or persons in his or their custody, forth-
with before the Municipal Court aforesaid, to be dealt with according
to law; and herein fail not and bring this writ with you.
Witness, Willard Richards, clerk of the Municipal Court at Nauvoo,
this 6th day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun-
dred and forty- four.
Willard Richards,
Clerk M. C. C. N.
I hold the within-named Joseph Smith, Senior, under arrest, by vir-
tue of a capias ad respondendum.
Hancock County Court.
To May Term, A. D. 1844.
Francis M. Higbee j
vs. > In case.
Joseph Smith J
The day of his caption, May 6th, 1844.
To damage five thousand dollars.
Wm. Backenstos, S. H. C.
By J. D. Parker, D. S.
State of Illinois, |
Hancock County, j
The people of the state of Illinois to the Sheriff of said county, greeting:
We command you that you take Joseph Smith, if to be found within
your county, and him safely keep, so that you have his body before the
Circuit Court of said county of Hancock on the first day of the next
term thereof, to be holden at the Courthouse in Carthage on the third
360 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
Monday in the month of May instant, to answer Francis M. Higbee, of
a plea of the case; damage, the sum of five thousand dollars, as he
says; and you have then there this writ, and make due return thereon
in what manner you execute the same.
Witness, J. B. Backenstos, clerk of said Circuit Court
[Seal] at Carthage, this first day of May, in the year of our
Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty- four.
J. C. Backenstos, Clerk.
By D. E. Head, Deputy.
This is a true copy of the original now in the possession of William B.
Backenstos, Sheriff of Hancock county.
By J. D. Parker, Deputy.
State op Illinois, )
Hancock County, > Set.
City op Nauvoo. ;
lo Mr. Francis M. Higbee:
Sir. — You will please to take notice that Joseph Smith, Senior, has
petioned for a writ of habeas corpus from the Municipal Court of said
city, praying that he may be liberated from the custody of John D-
Parker, deputy sheriff of Hancock county, by whom he is held in cus-
tody on a capias ad respondendum, issued by the Circuit Court of Han-
cock county, on the first day of May instant, to answer Francis M.
Higbee on a plea of the case, etc.; which writ is granted; and you will
have the opportunity to appear before the Municipal Court at 10 o'clock
a. m. on the 7th of May instant, at the Council Chamber in said city,
and show cause why said Joseph Smith, Senior, should not be liberated
on said habeas corpus.
[Seal] Witness my hand and seal of court this 5th day of May,
1844.
Willard Richards, Clerk M. C. C. N.
The case was argued at length by Messrs. George P. Styles and Sid-
ney Rigdon. After which the court allowed the petitioner and his
counsel to proceed with the case. Whereupon President Joseph Smith,
Brigham Young, Sidney Rigdon, Hyrum Smith, Orrin Porter Rock.
well, Cyrus H. Wheelock, Joel S. Miles, Henry Gr. Sherwood, Heber C.
Kimball, were permitted to testify proving (1) the very bad and
immoral character of Francis M. Higbee; and (2) the maliciousness of
his prosecution of Joseph Smith. In the course of his testimony the
Prophet said: "The only sin I ever committed was in exercising sym-
pathy and covering up their [the Higbees', Fosters', Laws' and Dr. Ben-
nett's] iniquities, on their solemn promise to reform, and of this I am
A. D. 18441 HISTOEY OF THE CHURCH. 361
ashamed, and will never do so again." After hearing these witnesses
the Judge said: "It is considered and ordained by the court —
"1st. That the said Joseph Smith, Senior, be discharged from the said
arrest and imprisonment complained of in said petition, on the illegality
of the writ upon which he was arrested, as well as upon the writ of the
case, and that he go hence without day.
"2nd. Francis M. Higbee's character having been so fully shown as
infamous, the court is convinced that this suit was instituted through
malice, private pique, and corruption, and ought not to be counte-
nanced; and it is ordained by the court that the said Francis M. Higbee
pay the costs."
In testimony whereof I hereunto set my hand and affix
LSeal] the seal of said court at the city of Nauvoo, this 8th
day of May, 1844.
Willard Richards, Clerk.
1 copy the following from the Neighbor of this date:
Hurrah jor the General! The following which we extract from the
St. Louis Organ, shows how the public mind is turning, and what their
feelings are in regard to the Prophet, his views and theirs also in regard
to the Presidency.
i orebear awhile — iveHl hear a little more. Tne matter is now settled
with Messrs. Clay, Tyler and Van Buren. Let Mr. Clay return at once
from his political perambulations in the South, Mr. Tyler abandon his
hopes of re-election by aid of the "immediate annexation" of Texas,
and, let Mr. Van Buren be quiet at Kinderhook, that he may watch the
operations of the "sober second thought" of the people!
General Joseph Smith, the acknowledged modern Prophet, ha«s got
them all in the rear; and from the common mode of testing the success
of candidates for the Presidency, to wit., by steamboat elections, he
(Smith) will beat all the other aspirants to that office two to one. We
learn from the polls of the steamboat Osprey, on her last trip to this
city, that the vote stood for General Joseph Smith, 20 gents and 5
ladies; Henry Clay, 16 gents and 4 ladies; Van Buren, 7 gents and
ladies.
Attended theatre in the evening.
362 HISTOKY 01 THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
CHAPTER XVI.
ADDRESS OF THE PROPHET — HIS PROPHETIC CaLLING AND THE
RESURRECTION — STATUS OF AFFAIRS AT NAUVOO — HYDE'S
REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON ON THE WESTERN MOVEMENT
— OREGON.
Thursday, May 9, 1844. — A court-martial was held in my
office for the trial of Major- General Wilson Law, on a
charge of urjgentlemanly and unofficer-like conduct. Present
— Generals Hyrum Smith, Charles C. Rich, Lyman Wight,
George Miller and Albert P. Rockwood; Cols. John Scott
and Hosea Stout; Judge-Advocate John Taylor; and Sec-
retary Thomas Bullock. The charge was sustained aud
Wilson Law cashiered.
Theatricals in Evening, attended theatre, and saw "Damon
Nauvoo. and Pythias," and "The Idiot Witness" per-
formed.
Elders Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith called
upon me this morning, and said they were ready to start
on their mission to attend the conferences appointed
throughout the north of Illinois, Indiana and Michigan. I
blessed them in the name of the Lord, and told them to
go, and they should prosper and always prosper. They
left in company with Elders Jedediah M. Grant and Ezra
Thayer.
Friday, 10 — Rode out after breakfast to the prairie to
sell some land to some brethren.
The court-martial was held in the Mayor's office on the
charge against Robert D. Foster, Surgeon-General, for
unbecoming and unofficer-like conduct, &c. ; Brigadier-
GeneraL George Miller presiding. The charges were sus-
tained.
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 363
A prospectus of the Nauuoo Expositor was distributed
among the people by the apostates.
The jury of Lee county, Illinois, awarded $40 damages
and the costs against Joseph H. Reynolds and Harmon T.
Wilson for illegal imprisonment and abuse, which I
suffered from them last June in that county.
Saturday, 11. — At 10 a. m. I attended City Council,
and stayed till half-past eleven; but there not being a
quorum, adjourned until next regular session. At 1 p. m.
at my office, and had a conversation with Mr. Lyne on the
theatre; and at 6 p. m. attended prayer meeting: John P.
Greene and Sidney Rigdon present. Several showers of
rain during the day. The Nauvoo Legion had a company
muster.
Sunday, 12. — At 10 a. m. I preached at the Stand.
The following brief synopsis of my discourse was reported
by my clerk, Thomas Bullock:
President Joseph Smith's Address — Defense of his Prophetic Calling —
Resurrection of the Dead — Fullness of Ordinances
Xecessary Both for the Living and Dead.
The Savior has the words of eternal life. Nothing else can profit us.
There is no salvation in believing an evil report against our neighbor.
I advise all to go on to perfection, and search deeper and deeper into
the mysteries of Godliness. A man can do nothing for himself unless
God direct him in the right way; and the priesthood is for that purpose.
The last time I spoke on this stand it was on the resurrection of the
dead, when I promised to continue my remarks upon that
subject. I still feel a desire to say something on this subject. Let
us this very day begin anew, and now say, with all our hearts, we will
forsake our sins and be righteous. I shall read the 24th chapter of
Matthew, and give it a literal rendering and reading; and when it is
rightly understood, it will be edifying. [He then read and translated it
from the German].
I thought the very oddity of its rendering would be edifying anyhow
— "And it will preached be, the Gospel of the kingdom, in the whole
world, to a witness over all people: and then will the end come.'' 1 I will
now read it in German [which he did, and many Germans who were
present said he translated it correctly].
The Savior said when these tribulations should take place, it should
be committed to a man who should be a witness over the whole world :
364 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. |A.D. 1844
the keys of knowledge, power and revelations should be revealed to a
witness who should hold the testimony to the world. It has always been
my province to dig up hidden mysteries — new things — for my hearers.
Just at the time when some men think that I have no right to the keys
of the Priesthood — just at that time I have the greatest right. The
Germans are an exalted people. The old German translators are the
most correct — most honest of any of the translators; and therefore I
get testimony to bear me out in the revelations that I have preached for
the last fourteen years. The old Dermati, Latin, Greek and Hebrew
translations all say it is true: they cannot be impeached, and therefore
I am in good company.
All the testimony is that the Lord in the last days woul,d commit the
keys of the priesthood to a witness over all people. Has the Gospel of the
kingdom commenced in the last days? And will God take it from the
man until He takes him Himself? I have read it precisely as the words
flowed from the lips of Jesus Christ. John the Revelator saw an angel
flying through the midst of heaven, having the everlasting Gospel to
preach unto them that dwell on the earth.
The scripture is ready to be fulfilled when great wars, famines, pesti-
lence, great distress, judgments, &c, are ready to be poured out on the
inhabitants of the earth, John saw the angel having the holy priest-
hood, who should preach the everlasting Gospel to all nations. God
had an angel — a special messenger — ordained and prepared for that
purpose in the last days. Woe, woe be to that man or set of men who
lift up their hands against God and His witness in these last days: for
they shall deceive almost the very chosen ones!
My enemies say that I have been a true prophet. Why, I had rather
be a fallen true prophet than a false prophet. When a man goes about
prophesying, and commands men to obey his teachings, he must either
be a true or false prophet. False prophets always arise to oppose the
true prophets and they will prophesy so very near the truth that they
will deceive almost the very chosen ones.
The doctrine of eternal judgments belongs to the first principles of
the Gospel, in the last days. In relation to the kingdom of God, the
devil always sets up his kingdom at the very same time in opposition to
God. Every man who has a calling to minister to the inhabitants of
the world was ordained to that very purpose in the Grand Council of
heaven before this world was. I suppose that I was ordained to this very
office in that Grand Council. It is the testimony that I want that I am
God's servant, and this people His people. The ancient prophets
declared that in the last days the God of heaven should set up a king-
dom which should never be destroyed, nor left to other people; and the
very time that was calculated on, this people were struggling to bring
it out. He that arms himself with gun, sword, or pistol, except in the
A.D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 365
defense of truth, will sometime be sorry for it. I never carry any
weapon with me bigger than my penknife. When I was dragged before
the cannon and muskets in Missouri, I was unarmed. God will always
protect me until my mission is fulfilled.
I calculate to be one of the instruments of setting up the kingdom of
Daniel by the word of the Lord, and I intend to lay a foundation that
will revolutionize the whole world. I once offered my life to the Mis-
souri mob as a sacrifice for my people, and here I am. It will not be
by swoid or gun that this kingdom will roll on: the power of truth is
such that all nations will be under the necessity of obeying the Gospel.
The prediction is that army will be against army: it may be that the
Saints Till have to beat their ploughs into swords, for it will not do for
men to sit down patiently and see their children destroyed.
My text is on the resurrection of the dead, which you will find in the
14th chapter of John — "In my Father's house are many mansions." It
should be — "In my Father's kingdom are many kingdoms," in order
that ye may be heirs of God and joint-heirs with me. I do not believe
the Methodist doctrine of sending honest men and noble-minded men
to hell, along with the murderer and the adulterer. They may hurl all
their hell and fiery billows upon me, for they will roll off me as fast as
they come on. But I have an order of things to save the poor fellows
at any rate, and get them saved; for I will send men to preach to them
in prison and save them if I can.
There are mansions for those who obey a celestial law, and there are
other mansions for those who come short of the law, every man in his
own order. There is baptism, &c, for those to exercise who are alive,
and baptism for the dead who die without the knowledge of the Gospel.
I am going on in my progress for eternal life. It is not only neces-
sary that you should be baptized for your dead, but you will have to go
through all the ordinances for them, the same as you have gone through
to save yourselves. There will be 144,000 saviors on Mount Zion, and with
them an innumerable host that no man can number. Oh! I beseech
you to go forward, go forward and make your calling and your election
sure; and if any man preach any other Gospel than that which I have
preached, he shall be cursed; and some of you who now hear me shall
see it, and know that I testify the truth concerning them.
In regard to the law of the priesthood, there should be a place where
all nations shall come up from time to time to receive their endow-
ments; and the Lord has said this shall be the place for the baptisms
for the dead. Every man that has been baptized and belongs to the
kingdom has a right to be baptized for those who have gone before; and
as soon as the law of the Gospel is obeyed here by their friends who act
as proxy for them, the Lord has administrators there to set them free.
366 HISTORY 01 THE CHURCH. [A.D. 1844
A man may act as proxy for his own relatives; the ordinances of the
Gospel which were laid out before the foundations of the world have
thus been fulfilled by them, and we may be baptized for those whom we
have much friendship for; but it must first be revealed to the man of
God, lest we should run too far. "As in Adam all die, even so in Christ
shall all be made alive; " all shall be raised from the dead. The Lamb of
God hath brought to pass the resurrection, so that all shall rise from
the dead.
God Almighty Himself dwells in eternal fire; flesh and blood cannot
go there, for all corruption is devoured by the fire. "Our God is a con-
suming fire." When our flesh is quickened by the Spirit, there will be
no blood in this tabernacle. Some dwell in higher glory than others.
Those who have done wrong always have that wrong gnawing
them. Immortality dwells in everlasting burnings. I will from time
to time reveal to you the subjects that are revealed by the Holy Ghost
to me. All the lies that are now hatched up against me
are of the devil, and the influence of the devil and his
servants will be used against tne kingdom of God. The ser-
vants of God teach nothing but principles of eternal life, by their works
ye shall know them. A good man will speak good things and holy
principles, and an evil man evil things. I feel, in the name of the Lord,
to rebuke all such bad principles, liars, &c, and I warn all of you to
look out whom you are going after. , I exhort you to give heed to all
the virtue and the teachings which I have given you. All men who are
immortal dwell in everlasting burnings. You cannot go anywhere but
where God can find you out. All men are born to die, and all men
must rise; all must enter eternity.
In order for you to receive your children to yourselves you must have
a promise — some ordinance; some blessing, in order to ascend above
principalities, or else it may be an nngel. They must rise just as they
died; we can there hail our lovely infants with the same glory — the
same loveliness in the celestial glory, where they all enjoy alike. They
differ in stature, in size, the same glorious spirit gives them the like-
ness of glory and bloom; the old man with his silvery hairs w ill glory
in bloom and beauty. No man can describe it to you — no man can
write it.
When did I ever teach anything wrong from this stand? When was
I ever confounded? I want to triumph in Israel before I depart hence
and am no more seen. I never told you I was perfect; but there is no
error in the revelations which I have taught. Must I, then, be thrown
away as a thing of naught?
I enjoin for your consideration — add to your faith virtue, love, &c.
I say, in the name of the Lord, if these things are in you, you shall be
AD. 1844J HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. 367
fruitful. I testify that no man has power to reveal it but myself —
things in heaven, in earth and hell; and all shut your mouths for the
future. I commend you all to G>d, that you may inherit all things;
and may God add His blessing. Amen.
My brother Hyrum and Elder Lyman Wight also
addressed the Saints.
My brother Hyrum received an anonymous letter, sup-
posed to have been written by Joseph H. Jackson, threat-
ening his life, and calling upon him to make his peace
with God for he would soon have to die.
At 3 p. m. I attended prayer meeting in the council
room. William Smith and Almon W. Babbitt were present.
The room was full aud we all prayed for deliverance from
our enemies and exaltation to such offices as will enable
the servants of God to execute righteousness in the earth. .
I copy the following from the Times and Seasons:
FOR THE NEIGHBOR.
Nauvoo and President Smith,
Before taking my farewell of your beautiful and growing city, I avail
myself of a few leisure moments in expressing some of my views and
conclusions of the "Prophet Joe" and the Mormons. In the first place,
allow me to say that the Mormons, as a people, have been most woe
fully misrepresented and abused, and, in ninety-nine instances out of
a hundred, by persons who know nothing of their principles and
doctrines.
Before visiting the place, my mind was very much prejudiced against
the Mormons, from reports which I had listened to in traveling through
the different states; and I presume, if I had never taken occasion to
inform myself of their religion and views, my mind would have
remained in the same condition. There is not a city within my knowl-
edge that can boast of a more enterprising and industrious people than
Nauvoo. Her citizens are enlightened, and possess many advantages
in the arts and sciences of the day, which other cities of longer stand-
ing cannot boast: in a word, Nauvoo bids fair to soon outrival any city
in the West.
General Smith is a man who understands the political history of his
country as well as the religious history of the world, as perfectly as any
politician or religionist 1 have ever met with. He advances ideas which
if carried into effect would greatly benefit the nation in point of com -
368 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH. [A. D. 1844
merce and finance; and while he maintains and philosophically shows
that our country is approaching a fearful crisis, which, if not arrested,
will end in disgrace to the country, and cause our na'ional banner to
hug its mast in disgust and shame, clearly points out the remedy.
Shall the liberty which our fathers purchased at so dear a price be
wrenched from the hand of their children? Shall our national banner,
which floated so proudly in the breeze at rhe Declaration of Independ-
ence, be disgraced and refuse to show its motto? Shall we, as American
citizens, fold our arms and look quietly on, while the shackles of slavery
are being fastened upon our hands, and while men only seek office for
the purpose of exalting themselves into power? I say, shall we still
rush blindly on and hasten on our own destruction by placing men in
power who neither regard the interests of the people nor the prayers of
the oppressed? Every American citizen will shout at the top of his
voice — no!
Mr. Smith's "Views of the Powers and Policy of the Government - '
manifest a Republican spirit, and if carri d out, would soon place the
nation in a prosperous condition and brighten the prospects of those
who now toil so incessantly to suppport the profligate expenditures and
luxurious equipage of the present rulers and representatives of our
nation.
Joseph Smith is a man who is in every way calculated to make a free
people happy. He is liberal in his sentiments and allows every man
the free expression of his feelings on all subjects; he is sociable and
easy in his manners, is conversant and familiar on all exciting topics,
expresses himself freely and plainly on the different methods of admin-
istering the Government, while he is not ashamed to let the world know
his views and criticise upon his opinions.
I am, sir, in no way connected with the Mormon Church, but am dis-
posed to listen to reason in all cases. I have heretofore been a warm
advocate of the measures of the Whig party; but, considering General
Smith's views and sentiments to be worthy the applause of every citi-
zen of the United States, and especially the yeomanry of the country,
I shall in every instance advocate his principles and use my utmost
influence in his favor. I am, sir, yours in haste,
An American.
Nauvoo Mansion, May 12, 1844.
Monday 13. — Heavy thunder showers during the night.
At 10 a. m. went to my office and conversed with several
of the brethren. Sold Ellis ,VI. Sanders one hundred acres
of land, received $300 in cash, and his note for $1,000,
and $20 for che Temple. Paid Sisson Chase $298 and
A.D. 18441 HISTOEY OF THE CHUECH. 3H9
took up a note of Young, Kimball & Taylor, given for
money they had borrowed for me ; and gave $10 to Heber
C. Kimball.
At 2 p. m. attended meeting of the general council, at
which the following letter from Orson Hyde was read:
Letter: Elder Orson Hyde's Report of Labors in Washington: President
Smith's Memorial for Western Movement Before Congressmen.
Washington, April 25, 1844.
Honored Sir: — I take the liberty to transmit through you to the
council of our Church the result of my labors thus far. I arrived in
this place on the 23rd instaDt, by way of Pittsburg. Philadelphia, and
New Jersey.
I found Elder Orson Pratt here, Elder Page having been called
home to Pittsburg on account of his wife's ill health. Elder Orson Pratt
has been indefatigable in his exertions in prosecuting the business
entrusted to his charge. His business has been before the Senate, and
referred to the Committee on the Judiciary; and the report of said com-
mittee is not yet rendered, which is the cause of his delay in writing
to you.
Yesterday we conversed with Messrs. Hoge, Hardin, Douglas and
Wentworth; and last evening we spent several hours with the Hon. Mr.
[James] Semple.* They all appear deeply interested in the Oregon ques-
tion, and received us with every demonstration of respect that we could
desh-e. Mr. Hoge thought the bill would not pass, from the fact that
there already exists between England and America a treaty for the joint
occupancy of Oregon, and that any act of our government authorizing
an armed force to be raised, and destined for that country, would be
regarded by England as an infraction of that treaty, and a cause of her
commencing hostilities against us.
But my reply was, These volunteers are not to be considered any part
or portion of the army of the United States, neither acting under the
direction or authority of the United States; and, said I, for men to go
there and settle in the character of emigrants cannot be regarded by our
government as deviating in the least degree from her plighted faith,
unless she intends to tamely submit to British monopoly in that country.
Mr. Hoge said he would present the memorial, if we desired it. I
thanked him for his kind offer, but observed that I was not yet prepared
for the bill to be submitted, but wished to elicit all the facts relative to
the condition of Oregon, and also advise with many other members rela-
tive to the matter; and we could better determine then how the bill
* This was Illinois' senior Senator at the time.
24 Vol. VI.
370 HISTORY OF THE CHUECH. L A.I). 1844
should be introduced. We do not want it presented and referred to a
standing committee, and stuck away with five or ten cords of petitions,
and that be the last of it; but we want the memorial read, a move made
to suspend the rules of the House, and the bill printed, &c.
Mr. Wentworth said, "I am for Oregon, any how. You may set me
down on your list, and I will go for you if you will go for Oregon."
Judge Douglas has been quite ill, but is just recovered; he will help
all he can; Mr. Hardin likewise. But Major Semple says that he does
not believe anything will be done about Texas or Oregon this session,
for it might have a very important effect upon the presidential election;
and politicians are slow to move when such doubtful and important
matters are likely to be effected by it. He says that there are already
two bills before the House for establishing a territorial government in
Oregon, and to protect the emigrants there; and now, he says, "Were
your bill to be introduced, it might be looked upon that you claimed the
sole right of emigrating to and settliug the new country to the exclusion
of others. He was in favor of the Oregon being settled, and he thought
the bills already before the House would extend equal protection to us;
and equal protection to every class of citizens was what the Government
could rightly do, but particular privileges to any one class they could
not rightly do."
I observed that the bill asks for no exclusive rights. It asks not for
exclusive rights in Oregon, neither do we wish it. Other people might
make a move to Oregon, and no prejudices bar their way, and their
motives would not be misinterpreted.
But, said I, Missouri knows her guilt; and should we attempt to
march to Oregon without the government throwing a protective shield
over us, Missouri's crimes would lead her first to misinterpret our inten-
tions, to fan the flame of popular excitement against us, and scatter the
firebrands of a misguided zeal among the combustible materials of other
places, creating a flame too hot for us to encounter — too desolating for
us to indulge the hope of successfully prosecuting the grand and benev-
olent enterprise we have conceived.* We have been compelled to
*The reason for this reference to Missouri and of possible difficulty arising from
the Saints going to Oregon without a guarantee of protection from the general gov-
ernment grew out of the fact that nearly all the early settlers of the Oregon terri-
tory were from Missouri. Even in this month of May, 1844, Cornelius Gilliam, the
inveterate enemy of the Saints, and who took so prominent a part in the troubles
about Far West, was collecting a large company at Independence, Missouri, number-
ing over three hundred persons, to start for Oregon that season; and all along the
Oregon route on the south side of the Platte river, the road was thronged during
the next several years by emigrants, very many of whom, and for some time the
most of whom, were from Missouri. (See Western Missouri Expositor, May 18
1844. Also Bancroft's Oregon Vol. I, page 440, Passim).
A. D. 1844] HISTORY OF THE HISTORY. 371
relinquish our rights in Missouri. We have been forcibly driven from
our homes, leaving our property and inheritances as spoil to the
oppressor; and more or less in Illinois we have been subject to the
whims and chimeras of illiberal men, and to threats, to vexatious pros-
ecutions and lawsuits.
Our government professes to have no power to help us, or to redress
the wrongs which we have suffered; and we now ask the government
to protect us while raising our volunteers. And when we get into Ore-
gon we will protect ourselves and all others who wish our protection.
And after subduing a new country, encountering all its difficulties and
hardships, and sustaining the just claims of our nation to its soil, we
believe that the generosity of our government towards us will be equal
to our enterprise and patriotism; and that they will allow us a grant or
territory of land, which will be both honorable to them and satisfactory
to us.
This, he says, is all very just and reasonable. But still he thinks that
Congress will take no step in relation to Oregon, from the fact that his
resolution requesting the President of the United States to give notice
to the British Government for the abolition of the treaty of joint occu-
pation was voted down; and while that treaty is in force, our govern-
ment dare do nothing in relation to that country. This resolution was
introduced by Mr. Semple to pave the way for the passage of those bills
in relation to a territorial government in Oregon.
All our members [Illinois delegation] join in the acknowledgment
that you now have an undoubted right to go to Oregon with all the
emigrants you can raise. They say the existing laws protect you as
much as law can protect you; and should Congress pass an additional
law, it would not prevent wicked men from shooting you down as they
did in Missouri. All the Oregon men in Congress would be glad we
would go to that country and settle it.
I will now give you my opinion in relation to this matter. It is made
up from the spirit of the times in a hasty manner, nevertheless I think
time will prove it to be correct: — That Congress will pass no act in
relation to Texas or Oregon at present. She is afraid of England,
afraid of Mexico, afraid the Presidential election will be twisted by it.
The members all appear like unskillful players at checkers — afraid to
move, for they see not which way to move advantageously. All are
figuring and play round the grand and important questions. In the
days of our Lord the people neglected the weightier matters of the law.
but titbed mint, rue, anise and cummin; but I think here in Washing-
ton they do little else than tithe the mint*
A member of Congress is in no enviable situation; if he will boldly
advocate true principles, he loses his influence and becomes unpopular;
372 HISTOEY OF HE CHURCH. A. D. 1844
and whoever is committed and has lost his influence has no power to
benefit his constituents, so that ail go to figurine: and playing around
the great points.
Mr. Semple said that Mr. Smith could not constitutionally be consti-
tuted a member of the army by law; and this, if nothing else, would
prevent its passage. I observed that I would in that case strike out
that clause. Perhaps I took an unwarrantable responsibility upon my-
self; but where I get into a straight place I can do no better than act
according to what appears most correct.
I do not intend the opinion that I have hastily given shall abate my
zeal to drive the matter through, but I have given the opinion for your
benefit that your indulgence of the hope that Congress will do some-
thing for us may not cause you to delay any important action.
There is already a government established in Oregon to some extent;
magistrates have been chosen by the people, &c. This is on the south
of the Columbia. North of that river the Hudson Bay Company occupy.
There is some good country in Oregon, but a great deal of sandy, barren
desert. I have seen a gentleman who has been there, and also in
California.
The most of the settlers in Oresron and Texas are our old enemies, the
mobocrats of Missouri. If, however, the settlement of Oregon and
Texas be determined upon, the sooner the move is made the better;
and I would not advise any delay for the action of our government, for
there is such jealousy of our rising power alreadv, that government will
do nothing to favor us. If the Saints possess the kingdom I think they
will have to take it* and the sooner it is done the more easily it is
accomplished.
Your superior wisdom must determine whether to go to Oregon, to
Texas, or to remain within these United States, and send forth the most
efficient men to build up churches, and let them remain the time being;
and in the meantime send some wise men among the Indians, and
teach them civilization and religion, to cultivate the soil, to live in
peace with one another and with all men. But whatever you do, don't
be deluded with the hope that government will foster us and thus delay
an action for which the present perhaps is the most proper time that
ever will be.
Oregon is becoming a popular question: the fever of emigration
begins to rage. If the Mormons become the early majority, others will
not come; if the Mormons do not become the early majority, the others
will not allow us to come.
Elder Pratt is faithful, useful and true; he ha